CCTV News:In layman’s terms, cross-border e-commerce means "buying" and "selling" the world online. At the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2023, it was put forward that it is necessary to accelerate the cultivation of new kinetic energy of foreign trade, consolidate the basic disk of foreign trade and foreign capital, and expand intermediate trade, service trade, digital trade and cross-border e-commerce export.

　　In 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce increased by 15.6%.

　　In the past 2023, cross-border e-commerce has become a highlight in China’s foreign trade field. According to customs data, in 2023, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export was 2.38 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.6%, of which exports were 1.83 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.6%.

　　The cross-border e-commerce ecosystem is accelerating.

　　At present, China’s cross-border e-commerce sales network covers more than 220 countries and regions around the world, and there are more than 200,000 independent cross-border e-commerce stations. The number of overseas warehouses exceeds 2,400, covering an area of over 25 million square meters. Third-party service providers such as logistics, payment and express delivery serve hundreds of thousands of customers around the world.

　　More than 400 garment enterprises in Tianmen, Hubei Province "ride the clouds" to the sea.

　　Textile and clothing is the traditional pillar industry of Tianmen. There are more than 10,000 clothing business entities in the city, most of which are mainly oriented to the domestic market. With the integration of cross-border e-commerce into the local clothing industry, more and more enterprises have seen business opportunities hidden overseas.

　　In Tianmen, there are more and more clothing enterprises aiming at overseas track. Two years ago, the number of local garment enterprises engaged in cross-border e-commerce business was only single digits, but now it has grown to more than 400.

　　At the beginning of the new year, this "cross-border fever" that swept through Tianmen clothing industry continued to heat up.

　　How to seize this opportunity? The local authorities responded quickly. First, the major cross-border e-commerce platforms were invited to promote investment in Tianmen to explain the entry process and operation rules for garment enterprises. At the same time, we will pay close attention to improving the industrial ecology, a cross-border e-commerce industrial park integrating raw material production, garment processing, logistics and warehousing, and the first batch of 100,000 square meters office areas will open before this Spring Festival.

　　Whenever night falls, the courier will box and ship the packages received from various garment factories. The shipment volume of this cross-border logistics station has increased from less than 20 tons per day in 2022 to 70 tons per day today — 100 tons.

　　Counting cross-border e-commerce: small packages open big markets.

　　Through the invisible e-commerce network, small parcels are continuously distributed to overseas consumers. What are the hot items? How do small and medium-sized enterprises stand in the international "C position"?

　　In 2023, 1.83 trillion yuan of goods in China were exported to all parts of the world through cross-border e-commerce, 2.3 times that of five years ago. China’s ancient craft of straw woven tote bag and Taomi water shampoo have become the hearts of European consumers. In overseas cat families, smart cat litter pots and automatic feeders from China have become new favorites. Lithium batteries and solar cells have also become hot items for global buyers to place orders.

　　In 2023, in the top ten list of global shopping App downloads, China e-commerce accounts for half of the country. Behind the list, new opportunities follow. At present, the number of cross-border e-commerce entities in China has exceeded 100,000, extending from central cities and provincial capitals to second-and third-tier cities, and the number of comprehensive experimental zones in cross-border electronic commerce has reached 165.

　　It is estimated that by 2025, the transaction volume of cross-border electronic commerce in China will reach 2.5 trillion yuan, which will bring new opportunities for China enterprises and brands.

　　Expanding cross-border e-commerce exports and cultivating new kinetic energy of foreign trade

　　Cross-border e-commerce, as a new foreign trade format with the fastest development, the greatest potential and the strongest driving effect, is becoming an important development trend of international trade. All localities are also introducing affordable policies, increasing support and seizing this new opportunity.

　　Shanghai supports the joint construction and sharing of overseas warehouses, and encourages small and medium-sized enterprises of cross-border e-commerce to rent overseas warehouses to "go out to sea"; Chengdu took out "real money and silver" to attract cross-border e-commerce "chain owners" enterprises; Hangzhou encourages cross-border e-commerce enterprises to strengthen intellectual property protection; Suzhou encourages all localities to develop cross-border e-commerce industry organizations and supports the establishment of different forms of industry groups.

　　Policy support, accelerated layout of upstream and downstream enterprises, and cross-border e-commerce "going out to sea" continue to expand new channels. Looking forward from the starting point of the new year, the mobile package is an opportunity to share China’s big market, and it also contains the future of China’s close connection with the world.

　 　 　 　Cctv news On the morning of August 1st, the General Party Branch of China Railway Construction Real Estate Group Huazhong Co., Ltd. and Shaanxi Railway Soldiers Cultural Friendship Association jointly launched the theme activity of "Sunny August, Pay tribute to the loveliest person".

　　On the day of the event, the General Party Branch of Huazhong Company invited the railway soldiers in Shaanxi to visit and exchange at the site of the project under construction. Zhang Chenguang, deputy secretary of the General Party Branch of Huazhong Company, also made a special trip to some railway soldiers’ homes in Xi ‘an to visit and express condolences to veterans who participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and Vietnam.

　　In the 95 years since the founding of the People’s Army, the Railway Corps, the predecessor of China Railway Construction, has made immortal contributions to the construction of the motherland with the heroic spirit of "cutting roads every mountain and bridging bridges when encountering water". As the cultural root of China Railway Construction, the spirit of the Railway Corps has provided a steady stream of spiritual motivation for the development of enterprises for more than 70 years. In 2021, the General Party Branch of the Company and Shaanxi Railway Soldiers Cultural Association jointly established the "Railway Soldiers Cultural Co-construction Base of Huazhong Company", and successively carried out a series of theme cultural co-construction activities to guide the railway soldiers cultural construction to show fresh vitality in the enterprise development. (Reporter Li Jiachen)

　　Beijing, August 3 (Reporter Zhou Yifan, intern reporter TOTTI Zhang) According to the Voice of China report, since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "accelerating the reform of ecological civilization system and building a beautiful China" has become an important topic. Since this year, the media has exposed a number of listed companies, including Shanxi Sanwei, Jiangsu Huifeng and Yunnan Luoping Zinc and Electricity. These enterprises have abandoned the environment for a long time in pursuit of profits in their production and operation. In the first batch of central environmental protection inspectors looking back, tricks such as "superficial rectification", "pretending rectification" and "perfunctory rectification" were exposed one by one. Is there any way to restrain enterprises from breaking their promises in the field of environmental protection? What other policies need to be promoted urgently in the construction of environmental credit system?

　　On July 30th, Yunnan Luoping Zinc Power Company issued the Announcement on the Progress of Rectification of Environmental Hidden Dangers. This enterprise, which was criticized by the first round of central environmental protection inspectors in 2016, has not improved in two years. According to the feedback from the sixth group of "Looking Back" of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector, the company "treated the headache and the foot pain" in the rectification work, pretending to rectify and perfunctory rectification, and the illegal storage of waste residue remained the same, and the old accounts were not paid back and new accounts were owed.

　　Yu Yongxian, vice chairman of Luoping Zinc and Electricity Co., Ltd., said in an interview with CCTV reporters:

　　Reporter: Did you know that the Central Environmental Protection Inspector reflected your problems in 2016?

　　Yu Yongxian: I didn’t know until later.

　　Reporter: When did you know later?

　　Yu Yongxian: It should be in the process of this year.

　　There are similar situations, including Shanxi Sanwei and Yancheng Huifeng.

　　Shanxi Sanwei was "criticized by name" by the former Ministry of Environmental Protection as early as 2013. From 2014 to 2017, Shanxi Sanwei successively received seven "Administrative Punishment Decisions" issued by the Environmental Protection Bureau, ordering it to correct environmental pollution, involving a total fine of more than 2.8 million yuan.

　　In the face of many roll calls, enterprises are indifferent for a simple reason: interests are at work. Controlling pollution emissions means that capital investment will increase and costs will inevitably rise. On the other hand, some regulatory authorities only look at the economy and ignore environmental protection, only care about the present and ignore the future, and passively respond to or resist environmental protection inspectors, resulting in the aggravation and deterioration of the regional ecological environment.

　　The contents related to environmental protection disclosed in Shanxi Sanwei’s semi-annual report and annual report from 2014 to 2017 are inconsistent with the fact that Shanxi Sanwei has been repeatedly punished by the environmental protection department, and with the fact that the sewage discharge exceeds the standard in its daily production and operation. In recent years, Shanxi Sanwei was constantly exposed by the media. Until April this year, CCTV found that "Sanwei Group still illegally dumped industrial waste residue to pollute farmland, and the production wastewater was directly discharged into Fenhe River", which was threatened by local village cadres.

　　Is the enterprise so rampant, is it a lack of restraint policies or the punishment cost is too low? Zhu Xiao, a professor at Renmin University of China, said that the current system is relatively perfect, but there are many things to be done in the field of environmental protection. "Many things in environmental protection cannot be done afterwards. Tell him in advance with the capital market that if you do this, you have to pay back the money in advance, and he will be afraid; If he can’t get the loan, he will be afraid; The securities market should take corresponding punishment, which is definitely better than investigating its responsibility, administrative fines, shutting down punishment and even putting him in jail afterwards. "

　　In order to pursue profits and violate the law, we must make a fuss about economic benefits. In 2013, the former Ministry of Environmental Protection, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the People’s Bank of China and the former China Banking Regulatory Commission, jointly issued the Measures for the Evaluation of Enterprise Environmental Credit (for Trial Implementation). The environmental protection department informed the evaluation results of enterprise environmental credit to relevant departments including the People’s Bank of China, securities and insurance regulatory agencies, which applied the evaluation results of enterprise environmental credit in administrative licensing, public procurement and financial support.

　　Zhu Xiao introduced: "The system in 2013 mainly identified a subject, that is, environmental protection departments at all levels to evaluate. Secondly, the general method of evaluation is determined. After the preliminary results come out, there is a formula, and the interested party is the person who is evaluated and can raise objections. "

　　In 2015, the former Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Enterprise Environmental Credit System. In 2016, more than 30 departments signed the Memorandum of Cooperation on Joint Punishment of Dishonest Production and Business Units and Their Relevant Personnel in the Field of Environmental Protection. Yang Shuying, deputy director of the Environmental Economics and Management Policy Research Department of the Environmental and Economic Policy Research Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that more than 20 provincial environmental protection departments, including Jiangsu Province and Fujian Province, have issued corporate environmental credit evaluation systems or implementation plans, which divide enterprises into green to black grades. The average loan balance of ICBC to green enterprises is 23 times that of red enterprises. In 2016, the total loan balance of green enterprises and blue enterprises in Jiangsu Province increased by about 15%. The environmental protection department will also push the illegal information of the red and black enterprises to the relevant departments. In government procurement, land supply, qualification licensing, tax incentives and other fields will be restricted according to law. The worse the environmental credit, the higher the environmental cost it will bear.

　　Cao Jiageng, deputy director of Dafeng Environmental Protection Bureau in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, took Huifeng as an example to explain what kind of price enterprises will pay for environmental violations after joint punishment. This enterprise, which is mainly engaged in agricultural production, has been investigated by the Securities and Futures Commission for a series of problems, such as illegal disposal of hazardous waste, illegal transfer and storage of hazardous waste, long-term smuggling of high-concentration toxic and harmful waste water, abnormal operation of pollution control facilities, temporary fabrication of hazardous waste management accounts, and provision of false statements. The chairman of Huifeng Co., Ltd. has been subjected to criminal compulsory measures, and investors are constantly considering initiating claims. At the same time, the enterprise will probably pay 7 million yuan more than before in terms of electricity and water charges. Cao Jiageng introduced that the environmental credit of Jiangsu Huifeng Bio-agriculture Co., Ltd. was rated as black. In terms of electricity and water charges, differentiated electricity and water prices will be implemented, with each kilowatt-hour higher than that of 0.1 yuan and each ton of water higher than that of 1.0 yuan. If enterprises do not actively rectify and repair environmental protection credit in time, and take the electricity consumption and water consumption of their companies last year as a reference to estimate, the electricity bill may cost more than 6 million yuan, and the water bill may cost more than 1 million yuan.

　　Joint punishment will also make illegal enterprises bear the pressure transmitted from the capital market. After Shanxi’s three-dimensional illegal acts were named again this year, Shanxi Securities Regulatory Bureau responded at the first time and rushed to the scene to verify the situation.

　　Gao Li, spokesperson of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, introduced that on April 19, Shanxi Sanwei was investigated for alleged violations of the law, and on May 24, Shanxi Sanwei and related responsible personnel, including the then and current chairman and general manager, totaled 28 people. Inform them in advance of administrative punishment for illegal acts, and punish them according to law after listening to the parties’ statements. In the next step, the CSRC will continue to maintain the high-pressure situation of law enforcement against major environmental pollution information disclosure violations, and comprehensively and strictly implement administrative penalties according to law.

　　In addition, the Measures for the Administration of Compulsory Liability Insurance for Environmental Pollution is expected to be implemented this year, which is similar to the last "compulsory insurance" for enterprises with pollution risks. If they do not take out insurance, they will be punished according to law. At the same time, if environmental protection is not law-abiding, the premium will also increase. Yang Shuying believes that there are still many aspects of the joint disciplinary system in the field of environmental protection that need to be further promoted, one of which is the strength of integrity incentives. "Because now many enterprises are not enthusiastic after seeing the environmental credit evaluation, mainly because the strength is not enough. The next step is to increase incentives for honest enterprises. For example, under the same conditions, honest enterprises will be provided with some administrative licenses and convenience in daily supervision according to laws and regulations, and they will be supported to give priority to bidding activities for some government procurement and government-invested public works construction projects, improve their financing credit line, and implement some preferential interest rates and other incentives to solve some current problems of heavy punishment and light reward. "

CCTV News:Affected by cold air, some parts of the north have strong winds. According to meteorological monitoring, there are 7 ~ 9 gusts in central Inner Mongolia, northern Ningxia, Shanxi, western Henan, western Hebei, western Beijing, western Liaoning and central Shandong, and the local wind power reaches 10. Why is the gale in the north so strong this time? When will the gale last? Let’s look at the analysis of experts from the Central Meteorological Observatory.

Chen Tao, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory:Generally speaking, cold air is more active in autumn and winter, which is prone to windy weather. This round of windy weather has a wide range and strong intensity, and the wind in some areas is extremely extreme in North China and Huanghuai. This time, the cold air force affecting our country is relatively strong, and there are cyclones developing in Bohai area, which will cause a large pressure gradient between high and low pressure, which will cause the air to flow in a large range and form windy weather; The second reason is that today (October 9), the turbulent mixing at high and low altitude is relatively strong and the wind speed at high altitude is relatively high. This turbulent mixing will also lead to further increase of the wind near the ground; The third feature is that there will be some valleys or canyons in some parts of North China and Huanghuai areas, which will cause the narrow tube effect of fluid and further accelerate the airflow, forming local strong winds. Today is the strongest day under the influence of windy weather, mainly concentrated in the area from North China to Huanghuai, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan and Shandong, where the wind is still relatively strong, and there will be 5 ~ 6 winds generally, and the gust wind can reach 9 or even 10 or more. On the 10th, cold air continued to move eastward, and windy weather mainly appeared in parts of the eastern part of Northeast China.

The following article comes from nutritionist Gu Chuanling, and the author is nutritionist Gu Chuanling.

Nutritionist Gu Chuanling.

Author of "Guide to Scientific Pregnancy of Lilac Mother", director of the Capital Society of Health Care, Nutrition and Food, the first registered dietitian in China, and master of nutrition medicine, was awarded as "2022 brave young people in China who focused on knowledge popularization and escorted Chinese nutrition and health" by Southern Weekend. Focus on the nutrition of women and children, and accompany everyone to eat healthy and beautiful.

Some time ago, I wrote an article about 12 kinds of foods that nutritionists hardly buy or eat. Some friends asked me to share the N kinds of foods that my family eats the most. Teacher Gu handed in my homework, including staple food, fruits and vegetables, meat, eggs and milk beans, totaling 10 kinds. Let me talk about the reasons why I love them.

1. Oats

▲ Figure: Photo Network

My favorite whole grain is oatmeal, which is rich in β -glucan and swells with water, which can increase satiety, which is beneficial to weight control; In addition, its sticky state is also helpful to reduce the total cholesterol and "bad cholesterol" in the blood, and this benefit to blood lipids has been stamped and recognized by authoritative organizations in many countries.

In addition, its slippery taste is better than other whole grains, so I especially like oatmeal, and so do my children.

My favorite oats are instant oatmeal, raw oatmeal and whole oatmeal.

Although the GI of instant oatmeal is as high as 79, I still eat a lot of breakfast, because it is so convenient to eat it with boiled water and cold milk. I also cook an egg and blanch vegetables, so that my blood sugar can be controlled steadily after meals. When time permits, porridge will be cooked directly with raw oatmeal, and its GI is only 55.

2. Soymilk

▲ Figure: Photo Network

Soybean can not only supplement high-quality protein, but also supplement soybean isoflavones that can regulate estrogen in two directions and phytosterols that inhibit cholesterol absorption.

The dietary guidelines for China residents suggest eating 15-25g of soybeans every day. If tofu is not made, I will beat soybean milk. In order to save trouble, I will cook the beans and freeze them separately. When I want to drink them, I will put them directly into the soybean milk machine, add some nuts and add boiling water, and I can drink them in 3 minutes.

3. Spinach

▲ Figure: Photo Network

Among the green leafy vegetables, my spinach eats the most, and its lutein and zeaxanthin contents are among the best in vegetables. Lutein is the pigment with the most content in the macula of eyes, and its beta-carotene is also among the best in vegetables. Beta-carotene can be converted into vitamin A which is helpful for eye health, so spinach is really friendly to office workers who use our eyes seriously.

In addition, it is also rich in vitamin K which promotes calcium deposition, vitamin C which promotes iron absorption and collagen synthesis, and antioxidant α-tocopherol.

Spinach in spring is still very cheap. It is highly recommended that you eat it. Boiling water for 1 minute can be used for cold salad or soup. You can get very rich nutrition by eating 1-2 fists a day.

4. Little cherry tomatoes

▲ Figure: Photo Network

In order to control my weight, I seldom prepare unhealthy snacks, but I always keep small cherry tomatoes in my refrigerator. Compared with vegetables, they taste sweet and sour and are close to fruits. Compared with fruits, they have lower energy and sugar content. When I am tired from work or greedy, I will wash two handfuls to eat.

In addition, it is also rich in vitamin C, the content is 33 mg /100 g, and it is also rich in lycopene. Although the bioavailability is not as high as that of cooked food, just eat more when it is crushed.

5. Berries

▲ Figure: Photo Network

I really love strawberries, kiwis and blueberries. I eat strawberries almost every day in spring, but I often eat kiwis and blueberries in autumn and winter.

The first thing that conquers me and my baby is their taste, which is soft and sweet and sour. Who can not love it? Then talk about nutrition. Strawberries and kiwis are rich in vitamin C, and blueberries are rich in anthocyanins. Eat it every day, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects will be directly filled.

6. Walnuts

▲ Figure: Photo Network

I have almost no habit of eating nuts at ordinary times. Although I bought a small bottle of linseed oil at home, because my mother mainly cooks, she doesn’t like to use linseed oil, so the intake of α -linolenic acid that the human body can’t synthesize may not be enough, so I will put walnuts rich in α -linolenic acid when I make soybean milk.

Walnut is a walnut with a shell, which is peeled now, and the film inside will not be removed. In addition, the beans with soy milk are frozen. Although boiled water is added, the neutralization temperature is not high, so it will not destroy α -linolenic acid and antioxidant flavonoids.

7, pig hind leg meat

▲ Figure: Photo Network

Pig hind leg meat is the most eaten red meat in my family. Compared with most parts of meat, it has lower saturated fatty acid content, and the fat and lean meat are still very distinct. It is convenient to remove the fat on the surface when cooking. Although it is recommended to eat less red meat, lean pork is very iron-rich and vitamin B1. Considering that its price is more affordable than beef and mutton, it has no fishy smell, so my family eats it the most.

8, eggs

▲ Figure: Photo Network

One person and one egg every morning has become a dietary pattern in my family. Its protein is the most perfect among all foods, and its absorption and utilization rate is particularly high. The most common thing to eat is boiled eggs, but children don’t like egg yolks, so they will make custard for him and occasionally scramble eggs.

9. Milk

Besides eggs, milk is also a must for breakfast. Everyone drinks whole milk except me. I chose skim milk because my blood cholesterol was high some time ago and I was reluctant to waste egg yolk. Then I drank two packs of milk a day.

10. Norwegian blue and white fish

▲ Figure: Photo Network

Norwegian mackerel is also called Atlantic mackerel. I have recommended it many times before, and my love is right.

In terms of DHA content, the mackerel directly beats the salmon. The DHA content of the mackerel is 27% higher than that of the salmon, but the price is only half that of the salmon, which is particularly cost-effective! Simply fried, the taste is strong and the aroma is full. After eating it, it is really no longer greedy for other fish.

These are the 10 foods that nutritionists eat the most. Which ones do you often eat?

Cover picture: photo network

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Original title: "10 kinds of healthy foods that nutritionists eat the most, which ones do you often eat?" 》

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　　【Under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era — — A new era and a new chapter.】

　　Source innovation to solve the technical problem of "stuck neck"

　　— — Enlightenment of an engineering teacher crossing the "four mountains" of achievement industrialization

　　Guangming Daily reporter Yuan Yufei

　　editorial comment/note

　　During his inspection tour in Fujian, the Supreme Leader General Secretary emphasized that our country must rely on innovation to enter the first phalanx of scientific and technological development, and it is not feasible to follow blindly. We must speed up the pace of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology. We should adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of modernization, regard innovation as a national policy, and actively encourage and support innovation. Innovation doesn’t ask about "birth", but supports whoever can contribute to the country. There is such a teacher in Beijing University of Technology, who has innovated from the source of basic research, overcome the technical problem of "stuck neck" of industrial robots, and successfully industrialized the achievements of the thesis, providing a model for millions of researchers to make contributions in the new era.

　　"From basic research to industrialization of achievements, we must at least surmount the four mountains of theoretical verification, pilot test, capital investment and international market competition." Cao Jianguo, head of Tsinghua University Hebei Pilot Base, said, "For researchers, every mountain is full of difficulties, and success is rare."

　　But Zhang Yueming crossed these four mountains. His innovative industrial robot RV reducer technology from the source broke the Japanese monopoly, and with this technical cooperation, he set up factories in Yizhuang Development Zone in Beijing and Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province, and can produce 80,000 sets of RV reducers of the world’s top industrial robots every year, which is in short supply.

　　For a long time before, Zhang Yueming had been an unknown engineering teacher in the school. He graduated from Tsinghua University at the age of 32 and became the first batch of postdoctoral fellows in Beijing University of Technology. But at the age of 50, he was not a professor because his papers were not distributed as much as others.

　　Breaking the monopoly of foreign technology and helping domestic industrial robots go to the high end

　　The RV reducer of industrial robot is equivalent to the chip of mobile phone and computer for manufacturing industry, and its core technology and 90% of the global market have been monopolized by Japan. At present, a large number of RV reducers used by domestic robots are imported from Japan. In order to transform and upgrade China’s manufacturing industry, it is necessary to solve this technical problem of "sticking the neck".

　　When the reporter first met Zhang Yueming, it was in an industrial park in Beijing Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone. The production machine in the workshop was still turning and the machine made a huge roar. On the same day, he took the reporter to visit the production plant with an investment of more than 200 million yuan.

　　"The production plant is my laboratory. These RV reducer samples are all produced according to the original technology independently developed by us. The production scale of Yizhuang Factory has achieved an annual output of 30,000 units. " It’s noisy, Zhang Yueming said loudly, pointing to a pile of shiny bearings on the display stage.

　　The test report that the reporter saw on the spot shows that these domestic RV reducer products are better than the most advanced products in Japan in terms of precision retention and service life.

　　"The reducer is the core functional component of industrial robots. For example, if the industrial robot is regarded as an adult’s arm, the reducer is equivalent to the joint of the arm, which mainly determines the swing accuracy of the industrial robot’s arm, and its wear and tear will affect the service life of the industrial robot after a long time of use. RV reducers are mostly used in the transmission of high-precision robots in the world. The legs, waist and elbows of an industrial robot need 4 to 6 RV reducers, which account for more than 30% of the total cost of industrial robots. " Zhang Yueming introduced.

　　"There is a gap between the quality of domestic RV reducers and Japanese products, mainly because the accuracy retention is not good; It is also easy to wear and tear, which affects the service life. Most of them are only used by middle and low-end industrial robots. What is even more helpless is that the price of reducers sold by Japanese companies to ABB, Fanuc and other four major robot companies is half or even lower than that of Chinese companies; Domestic manufacturers are forced to accept a long waiting period of 3 to 6 months to get the goods. " Zhang Yueming told reporters, "My main job now is to break the Japanese monopoly, help domestic industrial robots to go to the high-end market, and help China’s manufacturing industry transform and upgrade."

　　Breaking through the "bottleneck" technology of manufacturing industry requires basic theoretical innovation at the source.

　　In 1997, 32-year-old Zhang Yueming graduated from the Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanics in Tsinghua University, and entered Beijing University of Technology as a postdoctoral fellow, engaged in basic research of mechanical design and theory for a long time.

　　"It’s a shame to say that although I am the first postdoctoral fellow at Beijing University of Technology, my personal interest in scientific research has been in the production line, helping enterprises solve practical problems. Therefore, there are relatively few papers. " Zhang Yue said.

　　Zhang Yueming has published few papers, but his practical application results are not few. For example, Zhang Yueming cooperated with Beiyi Machine Tool to jointly develop the core functional components of CNC machine tools, which completely replaced those imported from Japan and has been applied to many models of CNC machining center products of Beiyi Dajing Machine Tool Factory, which also laid a good foundation for Zhang Yueming to be an RV reducer for industrial robots. He was inspired by this: "Many problems in China’s machinery manufacturing are not the problems of materials and technology, but the lack of original innovation."

　　"Mechanical products, like other high-tech products, contain rich scientific laws. Only by revealing their inherent motion laws and scientific principles can we produce high-quality products." Zhang Yueming told reporters.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform of China’s science and technology system has been further promoted, and the state has increased its support for basic research and "stuck neck" technology research, and Zhang Yueming has become a beneficiary. In 2015, Zhang Yueming won the scientific research project "RV Reducer Industrialization Development" of Beijing Science and Technology Commission, and got 2 million yuan of scientific research funds to develop the technology of "Robot Joint RV Reducer Manufacturing Process". He spent more than 1000 days and nights building a technical model of gear modification, solving the problem of gear wear, and finally mastering the core technology of "design and manufacturing technology of robot joint RV reducer".

　　"This technology is the real source innovation. There are many people who research and develop robot RV reducers in China, most of them are imitations, but the technology of Zhang Yueming’s team is forward design, innovative from the source, and some performance indicators are better than those of the Japanese. " Zhaojie, director of the Robotics Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology and head of the key expert group of intelligent robots in the national key R&D plan, told the reporter: "The Ministry of Science and Technology will be in ‘ Fourteenth Five-Year Plan ’ Support the industrialization of this technology during the period. "

　　"There are still many manufacturing industries in China ‘ Get stuck in the neck ’ Technology, many core components rely on imports, the solution of these problems, like RV reducer, needs to carry out basic theoretical innovation from the source. For example, 80% of bearings used in high-end mechanical products are imported. This has led to most domestic machine tool companies not making money, or even losing money continuously, and the money has been earned by foreign companies. " Zhang Yue said.

　　From basic research papers to industrialization of achievements, it is necessary to optimize the ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Mechanism and Machine Theory (MMT) is the top international academic journal of the International Federation of Mechanism and Machine Science. It usually takes more than half a year for China researchers to publish papers in this SCI core journal, and Zhang Yueming’s papers will be published in one month. Peer review experts commented: "This is a rare good paper in recent years, which comes from practice. It is recommended that the published journal be published."

　　"University professors who engage in basic research generally don’t care about industrial transformation. After theoretical papers are published in international journals, they will be shelved. Many people even engage in research for projects and papers, but they are absent in the transformation of scientific research achievements that are more valuable to the country." Cao Jianguo said.

　　The first "mountain" that Zhang Yueming met was to verify the technical theory.

　　After the publication of this paper, industrial robot RV reducer has been highly recognized by peers at home and abroad in theory, but my heart is always put aside. For so many years, I have written fewer papers, and each one is also for service practice. My difficulty at that time was that the project of the science and technology commission was finished and there was no scientific research funding support. I need a machine tool to process samples to verify that the technology is correct, and then I can transform the industry. It takes tens of millions of yuan to buy a high-end processing machine tool. " Zhang Yue said, "This is a paradoxical problem: if I want to realize the industrialization of the results, I need to verify the theory first and have samples first, but enterprises usually have to see the samples before they invest money, so this result has been put on hold for a long time."

　　Later, by chance, Zhang Yueming saw the dawn of solving this difficult problem: an Italian high-end machine tool factory wanted to open up the market in China, and its director happened to know Zhang Yueming. Zhang Yueming talked with them about cooperation and asked the other party to help process the samples first, which just verified the performance of their machine tools, and the other party agreed.

　　Zhang Yueming and his team finally went to Italy to process the RV reducer samples of industrial robots, which verified that his theoretical results were completely correct. The samples sent to the national authoritative testing center are better than the most advanced products in Japan in terms of precision retention and service life.

　　With the sample, Zhang Yueming achieved a leap from basic theory to product, and then he met the second "mountain": the pilot project.

　　"Many researchers have reached this point and can’t go on. The pilot test is a long process, and some even take several years, so investors lack enthusiasm and motivation for the pilot test, which is the crux of the difficulty in transforming China’s original innovation achievements. " Cao Jianguo told reporters, "Judging from the transformation data of scientific and technological achievements in Tsinghua University for many years, only about 5 out of 100 scientific and technological achievements can form the final product." Cao Jianguo said.

　　People work hard, and God helps. In recent years, the changes in the global market environment have helped Zhang Yueming a lot. A manufacturer of reducers in Shijiazhuang took the initiative to seek cooperation.

　　"The reducer originally produced by our company has low technical content and fierce market competition, and it is urgent to transform and upgrade new technologies. We have done market research, and the domestic reducer is not doing well. The most fundamental reason is that there is no innovation in the basic theory of domestic reducer. Zhang Yueming has done a lot of work in combining theory with practice, and has made samples. " Hu Wenshi, the chairman of this enterprise, said in an interview, "Seeing his technology and samples, my eyes lit up. This is the core technology we are looking for, so we did not hesitate to spend 37 million yuan on technology and cooperation, and also spent 890 million yuan on foreign high-end machine tools and equipment to put into the pilot test, because once successful, our enterprise can realize the leap-forward upgrade from primary products to top products in the world, with broad market prospects."

　　On October 20th, 2017, Zhang Yue Ming signed a contract with enterprises in Shijiazhuang on behalf of the school, and jointly invested more than 200 million yuan to build a factory in Beijing Yizhuang Development Zone, and bought a machine tool for industrial production of domestic robot RV reducer.

　　The pilot project of Zhang Yueming’s team went smoothly, but soon they encountered a new problem — — Policy obstacles to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　"As far as the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is concerned, it is necessary for the deep participation of source innovation researchers to realize the transformation. However, the management of many universities and research institutes still needs to be improved. While shouting support for the country’s industrial upgrading, they have managed to kill scientific and technological personnel. " Cao Jianguo said.

　　Fortunately, the school later supported Zhang Yueming’s transformation of technological achievements. Xie Hui, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing University of Technology, told reporters: "In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have issued a series of reform measures on science and technology management, and the school has also established a series of supporting policies to strengthen the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the school. Beijing University of Technology incorporated the transformation performance of scientific and technological achievements into the evaluation indicators of teachers’ performance, positions and titles and improved the weight of assignment. Zhang Yueming and other researchers successfully promoted the title of professor through the transformation performance of scientific and technological achievements such as robot RV reducer. "

　　Lack of funds to continuously support the expansion of production scale is the third "mountain" that many innovative products are difficult to overcome in marketization.

　　Fortunately, Yizhuang Guotou and Jingcheng Holdings threw an investment olive branch to Zhang Yueming’s team. Now, a new factory in Shijiazhuang, which applies Zhang Yueming’s innovative technology, has been established, with an annual output of 50,000 sets. The road to localization of RV reducers is rapidly spreading, and China enterprises are striding forward to catch up with Japanese monopoly enterprises.

　　Competition in the international market is another "mountain" that they need to climb.

　　"It is foreseeable that its products will encounter a series of problems such as price cuts by Japanese companies. This requires expanding production scale, reducing costs and improving market competitiveness. " Cao Jianguo said.

　　"Zhang Yueming’s team’s independent innovation of RV reducer has achieved a breakthrough from basic research to industrialization, which is very rare. This is of great significance for forcing the price of Japanese reducers to be reduced, making the core technology of domestic robots no longer dependent on imports, improving the competitiveness of domestic robots and participating in international market competition. " Zhaojie said.

　　Han Xiucheng, director of China National Intellectual Property Administration Intellectual Property Development Research Center, said: "To build a good ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, we should not only learn from international experience, but also have China characteristics, and need the joint participation of researchers, enterprises, universities, patent departments, financial institutions and venture capitalists. Researchers pay attention to source innovation, schools give policy support to release the innovation vitality of researchers, venture capitalists do a good job in pilot projects, patent departments give technical protection, financial investment institutions give financial support, enterprises realize product marketization, and all parties work together to explore a market-oriented path. Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces and drive the industrial transformation and upgrading of the whole country. " Han Xiu Cheng said, as far as the current international and domestic environment is concerned, the whole country should unite as one and fight hard the key core technologies. We must fight this battle and we will certainly win it.

　　Guangming Daily (April 11th, 2021, 01 edition)

[Special correspondent of Global Times in the UK Ji Shuangcheng Global Times reporter Zhao Juekun] The decision of Birmingham local government to declare bankruptcy at the beginning of this month due to insolvency triggered continuous discussion. As one of the cradles of the industrial revolution and the second largest city in Britain after London, Birmingham’s economy has been hit by this, which has caused more and more people to worry about the economic situation in Britain. According to the local observation by the Global Times reporter, the urban bankruptcy has long been a sign and has been staged in many places in Britain. Many British people want to know, if the bankruptcy of local governments triggers a chain impact like a domino, how should the whole country respond?

Sound the alarm of industrial hollowing out

The apparent reason for the bankruptcy of Birmingham local government is that the local government was sentenced to pay 1.1 billion pounds in a lawsuit of "equal pay for equal work" for more than 10 years, and the payment has not been completed yet. Walking into this city, one of the birthplaces of the industrial revolution in the past, the Global Times reporter realized that the above reasons were only the last straw to crush local finance.

Akbar’s great-grandfather who is 64 years old this year immigrated to Birmingham. He told reporters that after graduating from high school, he went to work in a local factory, mainly engaged in the assembly line of radios and televisions. Similar to Akbar, middle-aged and elderly Birmingham residents have more or less worked in local factories. Now, Akbar, who has already been laid off by the factory and lives with his family by running a grocery store for vegetables and fruits, has become the representative of the current situation of this group. As the manufacturing industry has already declined and the service industry continues to slump, the regional economy can only rely on local universities to attract foreign students.

Some local media analysts believe that the main reason for the bankruptcy of Birmingham city government lies in the overall economic downturn in Britain. In recent years, Birmingham has experienced changes in industrial structure, shrinking manufacturing industry and enterprises moving out. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the global economic recession has put great pressure on Birmingham’s income. At the same time, the expenditure of local governments increased instead of decreased, which eventually led to the outbreak of the crisis.

Song Xiangqing, vice president of the Institute of Government Management of Beijing Normal University and an expert in industrial economics, told the Global Times reporter on the 11th that the bankruptcy of Birmingham city government has dealt a multifaceted blow to the city. Due to the serious damage to the reputation of the city government, there will be a high probability of capital flight, population outflow, relocation of factories and projects in the future, and urban shrinkage is inevitable. Historically, government bankruptcy mostly led to municipal stagnation, urban empty shell, industrial loss and other phenomena.

Dong Yifan, an assistant researcher at the European Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times reporter on the 11th that the bankruptcy of Birmingham local government would seriously disrupt its development process. Birmingham should have increased investment in infrastructure, making it a regional industrial center and economic hub. Now such a vision is likely to become a bubble.

Birmingham was not the first, and probably not the last.

Similar to Birmingham, there are many British cities with the same fate. The first city-level government in Britain declared bankruptcy, which was the local government in Northamptonshire, England. It declared bankruptcy after finding itself deeply in debt in 2018. Since then, more local governments have made the same decision. At the end of 2022, the local government of Thurlock declared bankruptcy because of the losses caused by its debt accumulation. Croydon local government in London and Slough local government in Berkshire outside London also declared bankruptcy in 2021 and 2022 respectively.

Dong Yifan believes that Britain has faced multiple crises in recent years and improper domestic and foreign policies have aggravated regional financial difficulties. On the one hand, the COVID-19 epidemic has led to a general increase in medical expenditure across the UK; On the other hand, the high inflation caused by energy costs and other issues has also made it necessary for local governments in Britain to pay more for maintaining existing public services, thus aggravating the deterioration of local financial health.

Jim O ‘Neill, an economist who used to be the Minister of Commerce of the Ministry of Finance of the British government, told reporters frankly that the economic development gap encountered before and after Brexit was unexpected by many locals. After getting rid of the EU market supervision and immigration policy, the British economy failed to develop its traditional expertise and open up a broad market in non-EU markets. In addition, the impact of the epidemic on the global economy has also hit Britain, which is heavily dependent on the global service industry and consulting industry.

At the end of August, CNN reported that Britain’s withdrawal from the EU added friction to Britain’s most important trade relations, devalued the pound and greatly increased the import cost, which led to sustained high inflation in Britain. A recent study by the London School of Economics found that since 2019, Brexit has been the direct trigger for about one-third of the increase in food prices in the UK, adding nearly $8.8 billion to the food bill in the UK. The inflation rate in Britain is the highest among the G-7 countries. Compared with a year ago, the consumer price index rose by 6.8% in July.

Britain should regain its economic and trade autonomy

According to the analysis of Qatar Al Jazeera, the Conservative government led by Sunak immediately chose to keep a distance from the crisis after the local government in Birmingham announced the bankruptcy news, which made many Birmingham people disappointed. Some analysts believe that some old industrial cities in Britain, such as Birmingham, are facing industrial hollowing out. In recent years, the emphasis on so-called security and protection in foreign trade and economic cooperation has also caused Britain to lose many opportunities, and many industries also lack the injection of new external power. In addition, if some major projects are forced to be postponed due to lack of funds, it is likely that the project expenditure will continue to expand.

According to Song Xiangqing’s analysis, the deep-seated reasons for the bankruptcy of Birmingham and other cities are directly related to the disordered and improper handling of British diplomacy and international economic and trade relations after Brexit, the lack of autonomy in foreign economic and trade policies, the close pace of the United States and the "ideological economy".

Song Xiangqing believes that what Britain needs to change most is to formulate industrial policies, financial policies and international economic and trade policies that are in line with its own interests, adhere to independent economic and trade principles, not blindly join the small circle of economic and trade protectionism formed by geopolitical confrontation, encourage and support the upgrading and transformation of urban industrial structure, and encourage and support enterprises to go out and seize the international market.

　　On April 26, 2017, the launching ceremony of China’s second aircraft carrier was held at Dalian Shipyard of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation. The picture shows that the aircraft carrier is slowly moved out of the dock and docked at the dock berth under towing.

　　Since the first domestic aircraft carrier was launched on April 26, 2017, it has attracted the attention of the whole world. This is another major milestone in the construction of the People’s Navy’s comprehensive three-dimensional combat force system in the open sea, which has laid an important material and technical foundation for accelerating the strategic transformation and development of "offshore defense and offshore protection" and taken another solid step towards building a world-class "blue-water navy".

　　As the first aircraft carrier designed and built by China itself, the domestic aircraft carrier is closely related to the Liaoning ship that was delivered to the navy for service on September 25th, 2012, but there are many major technical improvements, which just corresponds to the old saying — — The pupil outdoes the master.

　　The first domestic aircraft carrier was designed and built on the basis of the comprehensive restoration of the Liaoning ship. There are many similarities in appearance and structure between the two, and they also adopt the layout of ship-based fighter planes with sliding takeoff and upturned flight deck. We should know that the aircraft carrier is a major symbol of the modern navy, and it is a large surface warship with the largest volume, the most complex system, the most comprehensive technology and the most powerful ability. China didn’t have any experience in designing and building an aircraft carrier in the past, but only repaired, refitted and continued to build a Liaoning ship. Did it fully master all the key technologies in designing and building an aircraft carrier? By building the first domestic aircraft carrier, comprehensive inspection can be carried out, which is also conducive to consolidating and strengthening the comprehensive support capability of the Liaoning ship. This also reflects the active, steady and steady development of weapons and equipment that Chinese has always followed.

　　On the road to the construction of China Navy’s aircraft carrier, Liaoning took the first step. The first domestic aircraft carrier consolidated and accelerated this step, connecting the past with the future in the technical research and capability improvement of aircraft carrier design and construction, and accumulating experience for building a larger aircraft carrier. In a few years, a large aircraft carrier formation flying the five-star red flag will surely sail in the coastal areas of Wan Li and the open ocean.

　　Aiming at sea and air three-dimensional operations

　　Many netizens called the first domestic aircraft carrier a "replica" of the Liaoning ship. In fact, the first domestic aircraft carrier achieved a comprehensive technical upgrade on the basis of the Liaoning ship, which is called "seemingly strong". The biggest difference between the two is that the functional positioning and mission use are very different.

　　The function orientation of Liaoning ship is firstly the research and test platform and training platform of aircraft carrier, and its main task is to complete a large number of research and test tasks of aircraft carrier and carrier-based fighters, and to carry out batch selection and training of carrier-based fighter pilots. After more than five years of exploration and training, the Liaoning ship has expanded to form a maritime formation combat capability. From the very beginning, the first domestic aircraft carrier was positioned as a large-scale aircraft carrier combat platform, which was a new starting point for the construction of the comprehensive combat force of China Navy aircraft carrier.

　　A large-scale combat platform at sea with carrier-based aircraft as its main weapon is also vividly called "floating airport at sea". On November 14th, 1910 and January 18th, 1911, respectively, the US Navy successfully carried out the technical test of taking off and landing an aircraft on a ship for the first time. The British navy is the first, successfully refitting the world’s first aircraft carrier in 1918, and has gone through more than 100 years of development. Looking back at history, the aircraft carrier completely replaced the battleship’s maritime hegemony in just over 20 years, and promoted the maritime combat from the "era of giant ship artillery" dominated by battleships and cruisers to the "era of sea-air three-dimensional missile warfare" dominated by aircraft carrier battle groups, carrier-based fighters and anti-ship missiles.

　　In modern maritime mobile operations, the position and function of carrier battle group are irreplaceable, and its comprehensive combat capability is mainly reflected in two major indicators: first, the number and quality of carrier-based fighters and airborne weapons; The second is the quantity and quality of warships and shipborne weapons allocated in the carrier battle group and the strength of formation combat capability.

　　Optimize the ship-aircraft adaptation performance.

　　More than 100 years ago, when the aircraft carrier came out, there were only propeller planes with piston engines. The aircraft structure was simple and the flight speed was slow, and the requirements for the carrier platform, that is, the aircraft carrier, were relatively low. After the end of World War II, the advent of carrier-based fighters with jet engines greatly promoted the upgrading of aircraft carriers, especially the rapid development of technologies such as catapult takeoff device, auxiliary landing system and arresting device. The types of carrier-based aircraft are also increasing, including fixed-wing fighters, rotary-wing helicopters, vertical/short-range take-off and landing aircraft, rotary-wing aircraft, drones and so on.

　　Carrier-based fixed-wing fighters play a crucial and decisive role in the combat effectiveness of aircraft carriers, and their quality and quantity are important indicators to measure the combat capability of aircraft carriers. Carrier-based fighters can be divided into three types in take-off and landing modes: one is catapult take-off and blocking landing; The second is to take off and stop the ship; The third is vertical or short takeoff and landing. The first domestic aircraft carrier adopts the second method, which has certain restrictions on its operational application.

　　Technically speaking, catapult takeoff is the best choice, which can maximize the operational effectiveness of carrier-based fighters. This requires overcoming the catapult technology. In the past, aircraft carriers in various countries have been using steam catapults. Ten Nimitz-class nuclear-powered aircraft carriers in the US Navy and the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle in the French Navy all used steam catapults made in the United States. But the development direction of catapults is electromagnetic catapult. The first ship of the Ford-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier of the US Navy has taken the lead in loading and using, and the research team led by Academician Ma Weiming of China Naval Engineering University is also studying this topic.

　　The full-load displacement of the first domestic aircraft carrier is several thousand tons larger than that of the Liaoning ship, and the sliding flight deck design is still used, but the design of the upturned angle of the flight deck has been upgraded and improved. The tilt angle of the flight deck of Liaoning ship is about 14 degrees, and the tilt angle of the flight deck of the first domestic aircraft carrier is reduced to 12 degrees. The main basis for this major technical improvement comes from a large number of flight test data accumulated by Liaoning ships and J -15 carrier-based fighters. The ship-to-aircraft compatibility between domestic aircraft carriers and J -15 fighters is more optimized than that of Liaoning ships, which is conducive to giving full play to the maximum operational effectiveness of J -15 fighters with skid-jump take-off.

　　Structural design is boldly abandoned.

　　In terms of structural design, the first domestic aircraft carrier was completely designed according to the standard aircraft carrier, which was different from the design concept and operational application idea of developing aircraft carrier (carrier cruiser) in the Soviet Union.

　　The predecessor of the Liaoning ship was the unfinished Varyag, which was the sister ship of the only carrier Kuznetsov in service in the Russian Navy, that is, the second ship of the third-generation carrier cruiser of the Soviet Union. The carrier cruiser of the Soviet Union is very different from the fleet aircraft carrier of the United States. The Soviet aircraft carrier has a small displacement, and there is no catapult take-off device for carrier-based aircraft. Usually, it is only equipped with about 24 carrier-based fighters, and its comprehensive capability is relatively limited. Only carrier-based fighters can not complete all air and sea combat tasks. Therefore, a certain number of long-range anti-ship missiles are equipped to form an integrated anti-ship combat capability of missiles and carrier-based aircraft. At the same time, it is also equipped with relatively complete long-range ship-to-air missiles and medium-and short-range air defense weapon systems.

　　In combat missions, the Soviet naval carrier mainly focuses on underwater operations, that is, protecting its own nuclear submarines and attacking enemy nuclear submarines, usually with about 15 anti-submarine helicopters. The US aircraft carrier mainly relies on carrier-based aircraft to "win the world". Carrier-based fighters complete air combat, sea (land) assault, electronic attack and other combat tasks. Early warning aircraft provide long-range warning and command guidance, and anti-submarine helicopters and submarines undertake joint anti-submarine missions. The aircraft carrier is not equipped with long-range offensive weapons such as anti-ship missiles, but only equipped with necessary short-range air defense weapon systems.

　　Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier is equipped with a large number of ship-borne missile weapon systems, such as 12-unit SS-N-19 large-scale long-range anti-ship missile vertical launching system hidden under the flight deck, and 4 sets of 6×8-unit SA-N-9 long-range ship-to-air missile launching devices. The Liaoning ship dismantled the relevant devices of these missile weapon systems during the repair and continued construction.

　　The reason why Russian aircraft carriers are equipped with a large number of missile weapons is mainly due to their limited comprehensive combat capability. Su -33 of the Russian Navy and F/A-18E/F of the US Navy are both heavy carrier-based fighters. Although Su -33 is slightly superior to F/A-18 in some tactical and technical performance, Su -33 takes off in a sliding mode and F/A-18 takes off in a catapult mode, and its comprehensive combat capability is better than Su -33. In addition, the Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier can only carry about 40 carrier-based aircraft, including 24 Su -33 and Su -25 carrier-based fighters, and its combat capability is far less than that of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier of the US Navy. Therefore, the Russian army had to make the aircraft carrier have both the long-range anti-ship missile attack capability of heavy cruisers and the air defense interception capability of medium and long-range ship-to-air missiles.

　　Setting a large missile launcher under the flight deck will have a great impact on the use of carrier aircraft. If a missile is launched, the flight deck needs to be emptied before the missile launcher can be opened, and then the carrier-based aircraft cannot take off. Russian long-range anti-ship missile is huge and vertically installed under the flight deck, which needs to occupy a lot of internal space and will also have a negative impact on the hull structure design. The main weapon of the standard aircraft carrier is the carrier-based fighter. Below the flight deck is a large transparent hangar for the storage, maintenance and repair of the carrier aircraft. The first domestic aircraft carrier is no longer equipped with anti-ship missile launchers, and the hangar is larger and can carry more carrier-based fighters.

　　Information ability is advancing by leaps and bounds

　　As a large-scale maritime mobile airport, an aircraft carrier needs to have both navigation and aviation functions in order to effectively complete the operation and use of various types of carrier-based aircraft, and it is inseparable from various uses and advanced electronic information equipment, including navigation electronic information systems to ensure maritime navigation, aviation flight control electronic information systems to ensure the take-off and landing of carrier-based aircraft, electronic information systems to command and guide carrier-based aircraft to perform air combat tasks, and electronic information systems such as ship-based air defense, sea defense and electronic alert, as well as air-sea combat mission formation. Although the body and volume of the aircraft carrier are larger, it is also a huge technical problem to install these electronic information equipment in a limited space because of the huge number and types of electronic information systems.

　　The carrier’s shipborne electronic equipment includes formation combat command information system, navigation and avionics information system, etc. On the basis of the trial installation and use of Liaoning ship, the first domestic aircraft carrier was further improved. For example, the improved large-scale active phased array radar installed above the starboard ship island has been widely used in a new generation of guided missile destroyers, with advanced performance and increasingly mature technology, and accumulated more and more experience. Its comprehensive performance is far ahead of that of Russia, with longer air detection distance and stronger ability to detect air targets. It can detect and distinguish hundreds of air targets at the same time, and its ability to command and guide air defense interception is stronger. This will help to improve the air defense capability of the aircraft carrier formation and the ship.

　　At present, the first domestic aircraft carrier is nervously carrying out the outfitting project after launching. With the decrease of "scaffolding" on the ship surface, the date of trial flight of domestic aircraft carrier is approaching gradually. I believe that in a few years, the first domestic aircraft carrier will be transformed into the second aircraft carrier in the service of the People’s Navy, and the goal of China Navy’s "blue-water navy" construction into a distant ocean is gradually becoming a reality.

All relevant units:

　　In order to further implement the spirit of the Announcement on Further Strengthening the Management of Commercial and Office Projects (J.J.F. [2017] No.112) (hereinafter referred to as the "Announcement") and strengthen the management of planning and construction of commercial and office projects, the relevant matters concerning strict administrative examination and approval of planning and construction of commercial and office projects are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, the "announcement" in the "development enterprises newly reported to build business-run projects" refers to the new commercial and office projects that have not obtained construction permits within the city.

　　Two, the "announcement" in the second "minimum division unit shall not be less than 500 square meters", according to the single-storey interior construction area accounting.

　　3. If the construction unit has obtained the construction project planning permit before March 26, 2017 but has not obtained the construction permit, it shall re-apply for the construction project planning permit after modifying the design scheme according to the requirements of the "Announcement".

　　Four, planning and construction supervision institutions should strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of commercial office projects, focusing on checking whether commercial office projects are designed in accordance with the planning requirements and whether they are constructed in accordance with the planning approval drawings; For the project that is found to be suspected of changing the original planned use, the planning and construction supervision institution shall order it to make rectification.

　　Five, the construction project in the construction permit, can apply for commercial office projects real estate surveying and mapping results audit.

　　Six, planning, housing and construction departments in the project completion and acceptance, we must strictly review whether the project is completed in accordance with the planned use, for reserved holes, embedded pipelines and other projects suspected of being changed to residential and other uses, the relevant departments will not accept.

　　Seven, the relevant departments in the process of law enforcement inspection or daily inspection found that the construction unit is not in accordance with the construction drawings and design documents, should be in accordance with the requirements of Article 75 of the "Regulations on the Quality of Construction Projects in Beijing", shall be ordered to make corrections, and impose a fine of more than 2 percent and less than 4 percent of the contract price of the project; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification, lower its qualification level or revoke its qualification certificate.

　　Eight, in violation of the contents of the land transfer contract, the illegal act of changing the nature of land use without authorization, the planning and land department shall recover the land according to law, and restrict its participation in bidding for other land in the city’s land market.

　　This notice shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

Beijing Municipal Planning and Land Resources Management Committee

April 18, 2017

　　Cctv newsOn the afternoon of February 16th, the Ministry of Commerce held a press conference. The spokesman introduced the recent key work in the commercial field and answered questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked, according to US data, in 2022, the total trade volume of goods between the United States and China reached 690.6 billion US dollars, setting a new historical record. What is the comment of the Ministry of Commerce?

　　Spokesman Shu Yuting said that Sino-US economic and trade cooperation concerns the vital interests of the two peoples and plays a decisive role in global economic growth. In 2022, statistics from both sides showed that the bilateral trade volume between China and the United States reached a record high, showing strong resilience. This fully demonstrates the highly complementary economic structure between China and the United States and the mutual benefit and win-win nature of economic and trade cooperation.

　　China has always adhered to open cooperation and provided opportunities for the world through its own development. We have noticed that recently, the American Chamber of Commerce in China said that the China market is not an "option" but a "must" for American enterprises, and the Chamber of Commerce will seize new development opportunities with its member enterprises. U.s.-china business council believes that linking the United States and China is the best way to benefit the two peoples. China will always adhere to open cooperation and provide opportunities for the world through its own development.