Press conference video

　　At 9: 30 on January 3, 2023,The provincial government information office held a press conference in Henan Province to boost market confidence and promote economic stability.

　　Release content:Introduce and interpret the relevant policies and measures to boost market confidence and promote economic stability in Henan Province, and answer questions from reporters.

　　Main publisher:

　　Standing Committee of Sun Shougang Provincial Party Committee and Executive Vice Governor

　　Other publishers:

　　horse　Party Secretary and Director of Health Development and Reform Commission

　　Party Secretary and Director of Zhu Liangcai Provincial Civil Affairs Department

　　Party Secretary and Director of Zhao Qingye Provincial Department of Finance

　　Party Secretary and Director of Zhang Guowei Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security

　　Wang Zhenli, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Commerce

　　Jiang Jiding, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism

　　king　Deputy Secretary and Deputy Director of the Party Group of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Art Province

　　plum　Member of Party Group and Deputy Director of Hunan Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology

　　Moderator:

　　Executive Vice Minister of Propaganda Department of Zeng Deya Provincial Party Committee

　　Zeng Deya, Executive Vice Minister of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee:

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the press,

　　Happy new year, everyone! Welcome to the first press conference in 2023 held by the Information Office of Henan Provincial People’s Government.

　　This year is the first year to implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is very important to do a good job in economic work. At the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we should proceed from the overall strategic situation, improve social and psychological expectations and boost development confidence, and do a good job with an open mind. The Economic Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee thoroughly implemented the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and made comprehensive arrangements; Recently, the provincial government issued "policies and measures to boost market confidence and promote economic stability" and made specific arrangements. Today’s news conference is to vigorously boost market confidence and promote economic stability, introduce and interpret a package of policies and measures to promote the overall improvement of the economy in our province, and answer questions that media friends care about.

　　First of all, let me introduce the publishers who attended the press conference. They are:

　　Main publisher:

　　Mr. Sun Shougang, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and executive vice governor;

　　Published by:

　　Mr. Ma Jian, Party Secretary and Director of Provincial Development and Reform Commission;

　　Mr. Zhu Liangcai, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Civil Affairs Department;

　　Mr. Zhao Qingye, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Finance;

　　Mr. Zhang Guowei, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security;

　　Mr. Wang Zhenli, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Commerce;

　　Mr. Jiang Jiding, Party Secretary and Director of Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism.

　　Ms. Wang Yi, Deputy Secretary and Deputy Director of the Party Group of the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development;

　　Mr. Xiang Li, Party Member and Deputy Director of Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology.

　　Next, please welcome the executive vice governor of Sun Shougang to make the announcement.

　　Sun Shougang, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and executive vice governor:

　　Dear friends of the news media:

　　Good morning everyone! Today is the first day of the working day in 2023. First of all, on behalf of the provincial party committee and government, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all the friends in the press for their long-term concern and support for Henan’s economic and social development and government work. I wish you good health and smooth work in the new year! At the beginning of the new year, when the whole country thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Central Economic Work Conference, and sounded the horn of the times to forge ahead, the provincial government held a press conference, mainly to inform our province to vigorously boost market confidence and promote economic stability, and to convey to the whole society the firm determination of the provincial party committee and government to go all out to protect health, fight for the economy and benefit the people’s livelihood in the new year, to boost confidence, morale and spirit, and to unite in the same direction to grasp development.

　　Since 2022, in the face of extremely complicated external environment and unexpected impact pressure, the provincial party committee and government have led the whole province, firmly followed the general guidelines with the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary’s inspection of Henan’s important speech, implemented the major requirements of "preventing the epidemic, stabilizing the economy, and ensuring safe development", stabilized the political responsibility of "a big economic province should take the lead", and made overall plans for epidemic prevention and control, economic and social development, and overall planning for development and safety. With the spirit of "one person is the best, one person is the best", we will strive for progress in stability and success in difficulties, and promote the good trend of economic development. It is estimated that the total economic output will leap to a new level of 6 trillion yuan, and the growth rate of major indicators will be higher than that of the whole country, and the ranking will be greatly advanced. In the first three quarters, the GDP of our province increased by 3.7% year-on-year, 0.7 percentage points higher than that of the whole country, and the growth rate was 14 places ahead of that of 2021. In particular, in the face of wave after wave of epidemic shocks last year, we persisted in forward-looking thinking, focused on being quick and accurate, constantly enriched and improved the policy reserve toolbox, and successively formulated policies and measures such as "1+3" to help enterprises bail out, 160 to stabilize the economic market, and 76 to stabilize the economy. We made accurate judgments, made decisive moves, and responded quickly at key nodes when the economy was under pressure, and firmly stabilized the economic market.

　　After the Central Economic Work Conference, the provincial party committee and the provincial government saw things early and acted quickly. They immediately focused on the blocking points, blocking points and difficulties of economic operation in the process of epidemic prevention and control, and formulated "Policies and Measures to Vigorously Boost Market Confidence and Promote Economic Stability", and studied and planned 90 policies and measures in six major areas, including consumption, investment, industry, market players, foreign investment and foreign trade, and people’s livelihood. Its purpose is to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, implement the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Provincial Party Committee and the Economic Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee, and strive to fight for the economy, promote employment, protect people’s livelihood, improve social psychological expectations, boost development confidence, promote the overall improvement of economic operation and maintain a strong momentum of rapid recovery while making overall plans to optimize epidemic prevention and control measures and do everything possible to "protect health". In 2023, the first year of implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, we will strive to create new achievements of "maintaining health, stabilizing growth, stabilizing employment, stabilizing prices and preventing risks". It mainly includes six aspects:

　　First, go all out to keep healthy. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the provincial party committee and government have always adhered to the principle of putting people first and life first, constantly optimized prevention and control measures, improved prevention and control capabilities, and firmly grasped the initiative in the fight against the epidemic. We will comprehensively, accurately and resolutely implement the deployment requirements for optimizing epidemic prevention and control, earnestly focus on health protection, prevention of severe diseases, strong treatment and excellent services, keep a close eye on key areas, key places and key populations, and do our best to grasp key links such as medical system, rescue power and drug supply, especially to do a solid job in epidemic prevention and control in rural areas, resolutely protect people’s life safety and health, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development. The provincial party committee and government put the optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures and resolutely guarding people’s life safety and health in the first place. Before the New Year holiday, the provincial party committee held a special conference on epidemic prevention and control in rural areas of the province, and made comprehensive arrangements for health protection, strong treatment, prevention of severe illness and excellent service in view of the new changes and new features of epidemic prevention and control in rural areas, especially near the Spring Festival.

　　Second, concentrate on promoting consumption. Insufficient total demand is a prominent contradiction in current economic operation, and sluggish consumption is the main aspect of this contradiction. We will give priority to restoring and expanding consumption, actively promote the broad masses to consume, want to consume and want to consume, and fully release the huge consumption potential. In terms of energy consumption, give full play to the leverage of financial funds, accurately increase consumption subsidies, and let the people get the benefits of "real money and silver". For example, the provincial policy of promoting consumption of automobiles and household appliances will be continued until the end of March this year, and consumers will be subsidized at 5% of the purchase price for newly purchased automobiles in the province, and the subsidies for household appliances in various places will be rewarded at no more than 30%. All localities will be encouraged to support talents to buy houses and settle down and the reasonable housing consumption needs of urban and rural residents by issuing purchase vouchers, purchase subsidies and deed tax subsidies. On the eve of New Year’s Day, Zhengzhou took the lead in introducing 12 policies to support the stable and healthy development of the real estate market, and will also issue 50 million yuan of automobile coupons on January 5. In terms of consumption, we will carry out the "Henan People Traveling to Henan" series of cultural tourism activities to benefit the people, encourage A-level scenic spots and star-rated tourist hotels to hold preferential activities such as joint tour packages and ticket discounts, and encourage government agencies and institutions at all levels, large and medium-sized enterprise trade unions to co-ordinate trade union funds and issue consumer vouchers mainly for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, so as to stimulate the consumption enthusiasm of the residents who have been suppressed by the epidemic for a long time with more high-quality consumption supply and experience. As you can see,During the New Year’s Day, the popularity, business atmosphere and fireworks atmosphere in the streets and tourist attractions around the country are accelerating their return. In terms of consumption, we will focus on the promotion of urban boutique commercial blocks and the construction of county-level commercial systems, create a number of new consumption scenes with characteristics through digital empowerment and the integration of business travel style, improve the charging facilities network in provincial cities and ordinary trunk highway service areas, and make every effort to create an efficient, convenient and comfortable consumption service environment.

　　Third, continue to focus on investment. Since last year, investment promotion has been the biggest highlight of stabilizing the economy in our province. We will continue to make full use of the effective working mechanism of concentrated attack on important projects, take the implementation of the "Double Hundred Projects" as the traction, establish and improve the planning and reserve mechanism for major projects, build a wall chart combat system for important projects, and give full play to the key role of investment. At present, we have selected about 2,500 provincial key projects with an annual investment of 1.8 trillion yuan. The first is to increase investment in manufacturing. Rolling out the "three batches" project construction activities, planning and promoting 50 key industrial chain projects with an investment of more than 5 billion yuan, increasing support for new technological transformation projects, and promoting the manufacturing investment to maintain a strong momentum. In 2022, our industrial investment will maintain a growth rate of more than 25%. This year, we must maintain a strong momentum. Today’s investment is a new growth point tomorrow. The second is to speed up infrastructure investment. We will strengthen project reserves in the fields of policy-oriented development financial instruments, medium-and long-term loans for manufacturing industries, interest subsidies for equipment purchase and renovation, establish a coordination mechanism for ensuring funds for major projects at the same time, make overall use of various policy funds such as government special bonds and policy-oriented development financial instruments, and focus on supporting the rapid construction and early production of qualified major projects. The third is to stabilize real estate investment. The most important thing is to fully implement the 16 policies and measures of financial support for real estate, make every effort to ensure the delivery of buildings, stabilize expectations and expand supply, and strive to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Increase support for residents to purchase houses and reasonable financing for housing enterprises,Deepen the development of real estate financing channels from three aspects: credit, equity and bond financing. The provincial government has organized the first batch of strategic cooperation agreements between financial enterprises and key real estate enterprises to support high-quality real estate enterprises that encounter temporary difficulties to return to normal state as soon as possible. Cancel and adjust the restrictive policies that hinder the release of consumer demand during the overheating period, improve the criteria for identifying second homes, support centralized group purchase of commercial housing, and encourage all localities to speed up the destocking of existing commercial housing in combination with the collection of affordable rental housing and talent housing. Strengthen the supporting financing support for the "Baojiaolou" project, and continue to attack hard to accelerate the construction and delivery of overdue projects that have been sold.

　　Fourth, take measures to strengthen the main body. Last year, the number of market players in our province exceeded 10 million, ranking fourth in the country, among which small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households accounted for nearly 70%. We will always adhere to the "Two Unswervings", continue to deepen and optimize the reform of the business environment, constantly improve the service network for helping enterprises, and unswervingly encourage and support the development and growth of the private economy and private enterprises. First, we will continue to deepen the activity of "ten thousand people help ten thousand enterprises". We will improve the mechanism of "changing enterprises into small ones, upgrading regulations, changing regulations into shares and listing shares", establish a breeding bank for industrial enterprises above designated size, and strive to cultivate 100 new "Touyan" enterprises, 1,000 provincial-level specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, 100 national-level specialized and innovative "Little Giant" enterprises and 2,500 new industrial enterprises above designated size in 2023. The second is to increase financial support. Implement the government procurement policy to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and increase the share of reserved procurement for small and medium-sized enterprises from more than 30% to more than 40% by stages this year; By the end of 2024, resource tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, property tax, urban land use tax, stamp duty and cultivated land occupation tax will be reduced by 50% for small-scale taxpayers, small-scale enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in our province. Other tax and fee measures and preferential policies to help small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households continue to be maintained. The third is to strengthen financial support. Implement universal micro-credit support tools and provide financial support at 2% of the incremental balance of universal micro-credit of qualified local corporate banks; For small and micro enterprise loans due before the end of March this year,Financial institutions are encouraged to postpone the repayment of principal and interest in accordance with the principles of marketization and rule of law, and the deferred loans will bear normal interest without penalty interest. In principle, the date of repayment of principal and interest can be extended to the end of June this year.

　　Fifth, two-way linkage and opening up. We will further implement the institutional opening-up strategy, make greater efforts to promote the stable scale and excellent structure of foreign trade, and make greater efforts to promote the stable stock and expansion of foreign investment. In terms of foreign trade, we will vigorously develop the port economy, deepen the "double hub" cooperation between Zhengzhou and Luxembourg, implement the "train+park" action in China-Europe trains, speed up the construction of China-Europe trains (Zhengzhou) assembly center and Zhengzhou dry port-type national logistics hub, integrate and reorganize the port resources in the province, and speed up the application for the construction of comprehensive insurance zones and transportation customs supervision workplaces. At the same time, small and medium-sized enterprises will be subsidized for export credit insurance fees, overseas trademark registration, overseas patent application and other expenses, and the awards for provincial cross-border e-commerce demonstration parks, provincial overseas warehouse demonstration enterprises and provincial foreign trade comprehensive service enterprises will be increased. At present, Foxconn’s production capacity in the airport area has returned to the peak of the peak season, which is basically the same as that of the same period last year. In terms of foreign investment, give full play to the role of four foreign-funded special classes (Hong Kong-funded, Taiwan-funded, Japan and South Korea, Fortune 500), fully promote various forms of investment promotion activities, and encourage enterprises to go out to expand the market, take orders, introduce technology and find partners. Promote the institutionalized and platformized development of Zhengzhou-Luxemburg International Cooperation Forum on the "Aerial Silk Road", jointly organize major investment promotion activities such as the Global cross-border electronic commerce Conference and China (Zhengzhou) industrial transfer series docking activities, launch special actions for cooperation with Europe, organize a series of economic and trade activities in Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and increase the incentives for existing foreign-funded enterprises to use domestic profits to increase capital or set up new enterprises.The agglomeration effect of "introducing one, driving a batch and radiating one"

　　Sixth, precise policy benefits people’s livelihood. Insist on doing our best and doing what we can, strengthen the basic, inclusive and comprehensive construction of people’s livelihood around the whole life cycle, and continuously improve the people’s sense of happiness and security. The first is to fully stabilize the basic employment. Adhere to the priority of promoting employment, continue to deepen the construction of "everyone has a certificate and skills in Henan", continue to implement the employment target guidance plan for college graduates this year, promote the expansion and upgrading of the labor export activities of "seeing outside the province", implement full financial discount on personal business guarantee loans, promote more labor to find employment through flexible channels such as Wechat business e-commerce, webcasting, online car rental, and take-away errands, and strive to create 1.1 million new jobs in cities and towns throughout the year. The second is to comprehensively improve the ability of medical treatment. Expand the resources of fever clinics as soon as possible, give full play to the core backbone and bottom-up role of medical treatment in tertiary hospitals, establish a working mechanism that organically combines normal reserve and dynamic deployment of medical forces, and fully equip medical forces, drugs and necessary treatment equipment. Increase the supply of raw materials for key pharmaceutical production enterprises, encourage and support key enterprises to produce at full capacity, strengthen price and quality supervision, and fully protect the people’s demand for drugs. We will strengthen the allocation of medical and health resources and the sinking of strength, comprehensively strengthen the reception and service capacity building of county hospitals, township hospitals and village clinics, and train 150,000 primary health technicians throughout the year. Accelerate the construction of national and provincial regional medical centers, and actively create a national medical center for traditional Chinese medicine. The third is to enhance the balance and accessibility of other public services. Implement the convenience project of basic public services,We will deepen the collectivization of compulsory education and the construction of inclusive kindergartens, strive to start 150 new boarding primary schools in towns and villages throughout the year, basically solve the problems of weak schools and teaching points in rural areas within three years, and strengthen and upgrade the shortest shortcomings and the weakest floor of basic education. Strengthen the "one old and one small" inclusive service guarantee, carry out the action of increasing the capacity of nursery services, make overall plans to promote the construction of regional pension institutions, community day care centers, rural happy homes, etc., and complete the aging transformation of 60,000 eligible elderly families with special difficulties throughout the year. The fourth is to improve the social security system. In-depth implementation of the national insurance plan to tackle key problems, continue to carry out the action of "caring for you, me, him or her", strengthen the dynamic monitoring and assistance of low-income population, dynamically implement the linkage mechanism of linking social assistance and security standards with price increases, and participate in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2023 for poor people, marginal people, monitoring objects to prevent poverty (including unstable households out of poverty, marginal households prone to poverty, and households with sudden serious difficulties).

　　This year is the first year to study and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the crucial year to implement the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the crucial year to implement the deployment of the 11th Provincial Party Congress. We will deploy according to the economic work conference of the provincial party committee, take out the spirit of sprinting at the beginning and accelerating at the beginning, plan, deploy, act and implement early, and promote the whole province to form a strong atmosphere of striving for economy and promoting development. We are confident, qualified and capable of promoting the overall improvement of economic operation and achieving higher quality, better efficiency and faster economic development. On the basis of implementing the 90 policies, we will focus on three tasks: First, we will pay close attention to economic regulation and control. We will improve the monitoring and control mechanism of economic operation, ensure timely assistance to enterprises in difficulty, fully implement various relief policies, and effectively deal with the impact and disturbance caused by the increase in the number of infections in the short term. Second, the policy of grasping the facts has been effective. Adhere to the requirements of "fast, straight, accurate and practical", establish a policy tracking and evaluation mechanism of "implementation with nodes, visual progress and verifiable quality", timely include eligible policies in the list of free application and enjoyment, ensure that policy measures are accurate and direct to enterprises, warm and benefit people’s livelihood, and release policy dividends as soon as possible. The third is to grasp the support of development carriers. Systematically and institutionally promote the construction of development carriers such as advanced manufacturing development zones, modern service development zones, central plains agricultural valleys, wisdom islands, airport ports and free trade zones, and release agglomeration effects, synergy effects and scale effects.

　　In this year’s New Year message, the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out that at present, the epidemic prevention and control has entered a new stage, and it is still a time to eat hard. Everyone is making unremitting efforts and the dawn is ahead. Let’s work harder. Persistence is victory, and unity is victory. Under the leadership of the provincial party Committee, we will firmly take the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary’s important speech on his inspection of Henan as the general program, always follow and always guide, inspire the ambition of Yugong to move mountains, always keep the perseverance of dripping water and wearing stones, be down-to-earth, work hard, be sure of confidence, strive for progress in stability, accumulate small victories into great victories, and make great strides to thousands of miles, and strive to turn grand goals into beautiful reality and write a brilliant chapter in the new era and new expedition. Thank you!

　　Zeng Deya, Executive Vice Minister of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee:

　　Thank you, Mr Sun Shougang! Next, welcome to ask questions from reporters on the spot. Please inform your news organization before asking questions. Now start asking questions.

　　People’s Daily People’s Daily reporter:

　　We have noticed that the Economic Work Conference of Henan Provincial Party Committee put forward that we should vigorously implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and give full play to the key role of effective investment. The Policy Measures of Vigorously Boosting Market Confidence and Promoting Economic Stability also regards investment as an important measure to stabilize the economy. What specific measures does Henan have to promote project construction and expand effective investment this year? Thank you.

　　Ma Jian, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission:

　　Thank you for your question. Investment is an important starting point for stabilizing the economy at present, and project construction is the "lifeline" for expanding investment, as well as an important support for restructuring, increasing stamina and benefiting people’s livelihood. In recent years, the provincial party committee and government adhere to the work orientation of "project is king", actively play the key role of effective investment, and carry out the "three batches" activities in depth, forming a powerful kinetic energy for economic development. Especially since 2022, in the face of the repeated impact of unexpected factors such as epidemic situation on the economy, we have carried out four "three batches" activities, planned and implemented concentrated attack actions on important projects to stabilize the economy, and actively sought financial support from national policy-oriented development financial instruments. Investment has become the biggest highlight of the province’s economic development. In the first 11 months of last year, investment in fixed assets increased by 7.7% year-on-year, 2.4 percentage points higher than that of the whole country, ranking second among the six major economic provinces, especially. As you mentioned, the provincial government has just issued "Policies and Measures to Vigorously Boost Market Confidence and Promote Economic Stability", which puts forward 13 specific policies and measures to expand effective investment, such as implementing "Hundred Flowers Project", running "Three Groups" activities well and strengthening fund guarantee for major projects. To sum up, it is necessary to persist in grasping investment for the king of projects, focus on implementing one project, improve three mechanisms, and accelerate the formation of a good situation of sprint at the beginning and decisive battle at the beginning.

　　The first is to implement the "Hundred Flowers Project". In order to further highlight the leading role of landmark projects, we selected about 100 major projects in four areas, including industrial transformation, transportation infrastructure, energy and water conservancy infrastructure, people’s livelihood security and social undertakings, and vigorously promoted them in accordance with the requirements of "one project, one program, one specialized class and one responsible leader". At present, more than 110 projects have been included in the "Hundred Flowers Project", with a total investment of nearly 1.8 trillion yuan, of which more than 90% of the total investment exceeds 10 billion yuan, and the average investment of a single project exceeds 15 billion yuan. It is planned to complete more than 80 billion yuan in the first quarter.

　　The second is to improve the project construction promotion mechanism. We will continue to adhere to and improve the coordination mechanism for promoting effective investment in important projects, speed up the construction of a wall chart combat system for important projects, organize centralized observation and comment activities, strengthen the collaborative linkage between evaluation, supervision and service of major projects, and form a joint force for project construction. According to the deployment of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the seventh "Three Groups" activity will be held on the first day after the Spring Festival holiday. It is preliminarily estimated that the province will focus on signing, starting and putting into production 400, 1,000 and more than 800 projects respectively, with a total investment of more than 350 billion yuan, 600 billion yuan and 500 billion yuan respectively.

　　The third is to improve the maturity mechanism of project reserves. At present, our Committee is studying the establishment of a reserve mechanism for major projects at the provincial level, and the funds for the preliminary work of major projects will be included in the financial budget. We will closely follow the national policy orientation and capital investment, accelerate the handling of project requirements and procedures, and comprehensively improve the quality and maturity of project packaging. At the same time, support qualified cities to pilot the implementation of the "one thing for preliminary work" approval model, and promote the accelerated implementation of the project.

　　The fourth is to improve the guarantee mechanism of project elements. Adhere to the principle of "elements follow the project", strengthen the support and guarantee of land, energy consumption, environmental capacity, finance, etc., establish a coordination mechanism for fund guarantee of major projects, and give full play to the combined efficiency of multi-channel funds such as central budget investment, government special bonds and policy development financial instruments to jointly support the same project, effectively promote social investment, and concentrate on promoting the rapid construction and early production of qualified major projects.

　　We firmly believe that as the project construction mechanism in our province becomes more and more mature and large and good projects continue to land, the investment pulling effect will continue to be released, which will play a greater role and make greater contributions in promoting the economic stability of the province. thank you

　　Economic Daily reporter:

　　Affected by multiple unexpected factors, many enterprises, the masses and grassroots governments have a hard time. Excuse me, what measures will Henan finance department take to help solve the outstanding difficulties? Thank you.

　　Zhao Qingye, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Finance:

　　Thank you for your question, and also thank media friends for their concern and support for financial work! In 2022, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and government, the financial departments at all levels in the province strengthened their awareness of political organs, tried every means to raise funds, implemented a proactive fiscal policy, and made every effort to stabilize the economy and protect people’s livelihood. First, support the implementation of the package policy of stabilizing the economy and the continuation policy. All policies have been fully and effectively implemented. Only one policy, large-scale tax reduction, fee reduction and tax refund, delivered a policy dividend of 129.72 billion yuan to market players in our province in the first 11 months, of which 96.3 billion yuan was reserved for value-added tax refund, benefiting 48,400 taxpayers. The scale of funds and the scope of benefits were unprecedented, which played an important supporting role in stabilizing the economic market. Continue to promote the implementation of the "five programs" such as the emergency revolving fund pool for small and medium-sized enterprises, and actually raise 35.5 billion yuan for more than 3,700 small and medium-sized enterprises. The second is to implement the basic guarantee of tight days and ensure the bottom line of "three guarantees". By strengthening budget management, setting up special accounts and allocating direct funds, we will ensure the salary distribution, institutional operation and basic people’s livelihood of administrative institutions in the province. In the whole year, the multiple of the national standard "three guarantees" at the county level continued to be more than 1.5 times, and the direct financial funds reached 268.69 billion yuan. In the extremely difficult financial situation, not only the "three guarantees" were guaranteed, but the provincial government also issued policies such as issuing a one-time living allowance for the needy people according to the rural minimum living standard, subsidizing the medical insurance premium for the needy people for one year, providing temporary assistance to flexible employees, issuing "love coupons" and raising some people’s livelihood security standards.The basic livelihood of the needy people has been effectively guaranteed. The third is to adjust the structural protection strategy. On the basis of reducing non-rigid expenditures that are not urgently needed, coordinating financial funds of 40.67 billion yuan, issuing special bonds of 248 billion yuan, government investment funds and PPP model have mobilized social capital to exceed 1.2 trillion yuan, and provincial financial enterprises have invested more than 1 trillion yuan, which has provided a solid financial guarantee for our province to implement the "Top Ten Strategies".

　　In 2023, the provincial finance will closely focus on the decision-making and deployment of the provincial party Committee and government, and implement a proactive fiscal policy to strengthen efforts and improve efficiency in accordance with the requirements of "keeping the basics tight and adjusting the structure to ensure the strategy", focusing on the following three points:

　　First, continue to hold fast to the bottom line of "three guarantees". With a sense of responsibility, we will fully guarantee the smooth operation of grassroots finance. First, we must strengthen the whole chain management of "three guarantees". Strictly implement the three mechanisms of "three guarantees" budget preparation review, budget execution monitoring and risk emergency disposal, ensure that there is no hard gap in the budget of county-level finance at the beginning of the year, strengthen the analysis and dispatch of financial operation, make good use of the special accounts for direct funds and salary payment in all 156 counties (cities, districts), and promote the "one county, one policy" to formulate the "three guarantees" risk disposal plan. Second, we must implement the direct financial mechanism in a normal way. Put more funds closely related to the financial operation of counties into the direct mechanism, distribute the funds to the grassroots of cities and counties as quickly as possible, and track and monitor the whole chain dynamically to help the grassroots better implement the policy of benefiting enterprises and benefiting the people. Third, we must further increase the sinking of financial resources. Last year, our province implemented the reform of directly administering counties by finance. The financial settlement, transfer payment and government bond funds of 102 counties (cities) were all directly handled by the provincial finance, and the system benefits were remarkable. This year, the province will further increase the sinking of financial resources, especially to counties (cities), to ensure that the gates of the "three guarantees" at the grassroots level are not lost.

　　The second is to solve problems for market players. Give full play to the macro-control role of finance, provide timely rain for enterprises, and help them get on the horse and give them a ride. First, we must reduce costs. We will continue to implement the tax reduction, fee reduction and tax refund policies promulgated by the state to the letter, and extend the policy of 50% reduction of "six taxes and two fees" within the scope of provincial authority to December 31, 2024; We will continue to consolidate the achievements of zero fees for administrative fees of enterprises involved in the province, prevent arbitrary charges, fines and levies, and effectively reduce the tax burden of enterprises. Second, we must help finance. Give full play to the role of government financing guarantee institutions, continue to implement small and micro enterprise financing guarantee fee reduction awards, and promote the increase, expansion and price reduction of small and medium-sized enterprises’ financing. At the same time, it will guide provincial financial enterprises to further lower the threshold and help enterprises solve the problem of financing difficulty and expensive financing. Third, we must increase orders. The share of reserved procurement for small and medium-sized enterprises will be increased from more than 30% to more than 40% in stages, and non-reserved projects will be given preferential evaluation to small and micro enterprises, and the contract scale of small and medium-sized enterprises will be increased.

　　The third is to vigorously stimulate effective investment. On the one hand, we will restore and promote consumption, cash in all kinds of award-winning funds in full and on time, and on the other hand, increase government investment, and continue to form physical workload and investment driving force. First, we must strengthen financial security. Establish a coordination mechanism for fund guarantee of major projects, co-ordinate all kinds of financial funds, and make a good connection with policy-oriented development financial instruments projects, actively strive for larger-scale government special bonds, give play to the guiding role of government investment funds, effectively promote the PPP model, and incite more social capital to support the economic development of our province. Second, we must strengthen project guarantee. Adhere to the "project is king", improve the quality of project reserves, give priority to supporting projects with high maturity and projects under construction, and ensure the balance between financing and income for special bond projects. Third, we must strengthen performance guarantee. Improve the performance of government investment, increase investment in laying the foundation, benefiting the long term, supplementing shortcomings and adjusting the structure, tilt to areas with high efficiency in the use of funds, and promote the early start and completion of major projects such as "three batches". Thank you!

　　International online reporter:

　　We know that last year, Henan overcame many unfavorable influences and difficulties, and made steady progress in foreign trade and foreign investment, and the growth rate of indicators was higher than the national average. At the just-held Central Economic Work Conference and Henan Provincial Economic Work Conference, important arrangements were made to stabilize foreign trade, foreign investment and expand consumption. I would like to ask: What considerations and measures will Henan take this year to stabilize the development of foreign trade and foreign capital, restore and expand consumption? Thank you.

　　Wang Zhenli, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Commerce:

　　Thank you for your question. The Central Economic Work Conference and the Economic Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee emphasized that restoring and expanding consumption should be given priority, stabilizing foreign trade should be taken as an important task, and more efforts should be made to attract and utilize foreign capital. The Provincial Department of Commerce will thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the meeting, take the implementation of 90 relevant policies and measures of the provincial government as an important starting point, and do its best to stabilize foreign trade, stabilize foreign investment and expand consumption, and make great contributions to the economic stability of the province.

　　In terms of stabilizing foreign trade, we will continue to enrich the "policy toolbox", make every effort to help enterprises grab orders and expand the market, constantly expand the main body of foreign trade, and improve the scale and quality of foreign trade. First, support enterprises to participate in overseas exhibitions, continuously expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and support enterprises in overseas trademark registration, patent application and management system certification. Set up an export tax rebate fund pool and carry out "foreign trade loans". Second, continue to promote the development of five cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zones in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Nanyang, Jiaozuo and Xuchang, and support a number of overseas warehouse and foreign comprehensive service enterprises. Expand the pilot scale of Xuchang market procurement trade. Accelerate the construction of Zhengzhou Airport Import Trade Promotion Innovation Demonstration Zone and Jiyuan Processing Trade Industrial Park. The third is to expand the "single window" function of international trade, constantly optimize the customs clearance process, shorten the customs clearance time and speed up the export tax rebate. Optimize trade management services and support enterprises to apply for import and export qualifications and quotas.

　　In the aspect of stabilizing foreign investment, we will implement the policy of promoting downsizing, implement incremental upgrading actions, and make greater efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment. The first is to hold a series of investment promotion activities for Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and Europe. Encourage and support all localities to combine industrial advantages, go out and accurately carry out special investment promotion. The second is to formulate and issue guidelines for foreign investment, give full play to the role of foreign-funded special classes, aim at the top 500 enterprises, head enterprises and invisible champions, and introduce more strategic emerging projects. The third is to cultivate and build an international cooperative industrial park, and create a gathering place for the utilization of foreign capital by country and industry. Fourth, we will continue to optimize mechanisms such as government through trains, enterprise service days and service specialists, and implement full-process services to help enterprises become bigger and stronger, stabilize their stocks and expand their volume.

　　In terms of expanding consumption, we should focus on enhancing consumption capacity, improving consumption conditions, innovating consumption scenarios and stimulating consumption vitality. The main measures in the near future are: first, to increase the reward and compensation for issuing consumer vouchers and carrying out promotional activities in various places, to bring popularity and traffic, and to promote the recovery and development of catering, accommodation, retail and other industries. The second is to subsidize the purchase of automobiles, electronic products and household appliances before the end of March. The third is to do a good job in consumption promotion activities. The online New Year Festival in 2023 has been launched. In the first quarter, the "New Year and Spring Festival Consumption Season" will be launched in the whole province. Around eight aspects, such as automobiles, electronics, home appliances and catering, 50 theme activities have been planned, such as "Yujian Food", automobile rejuvenation season, home appliances trade-in, live broadcast of new life and old-fashioned carnival, which will enrich the holiday supply and meet consumer demand. In addition, we will conform to the trend of consumption upgrading, accelerate the integration of online and offline consumption, develop urban characteristic business districts, transform and upgrade pedestrian streets, build a quarter-hour convenient living circle, and create characteristic consumption gathering areas such as night consumption and brand consumption.

　　That’s all I’ll introduce. Thank you.

　　China News Agency reporter:

　　Manufacturing is the foundation of the real economy. The Economic Work Conference of the Provincial Party Committee proposed to speed up the construction of a modern industrial system and build a strong manufacturing province. Excuse me: What considerations does Henan have in promoting the construction of a strong manufacturing province in the new year? Thank you.

　　Xiang Li, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology:

　　Thank you for your interest in manufacturing. The economic work conference of the provincial party committee emphasized that the manufacturing industry should be established as a province, and the manufacturing industry should be strengthened to build a modern industrial system. This is a profound grasp and full implementation of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and also a strategic deployment to improve the supporting force and competitiveness of modern Henan construction. Focusing on the implementation of the requirements of the provincial economic work conference, the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology will focus on three articles in the new year.

　　First, strengthen the "four efforts" and do a good job of "stability". That is, focusing on key industries, key regions and key enterprises, we will further improve the operation monitoring and dispatching mechanism to ensure that the industry operates in a reasonable range. We will further expand effective industrial investment by making good use of policy-oriented development financial instruments, refinancing and interest subsidies for equipment renovation, and medium-and long-term loans for manufacturing industries. Focus on organizing a new round of new energy vehicles going to the countryside, green building the countryside, smart home appliances going to the countryside, information consumption+rural revitalization series activities, consumer goods and raw materials "three products" actions, and further tap the market potential of automobile consumption, information consumption and green consumption. Focusing on the "eight projects" such as implementing policies, helping enterprises to grow, improving digital empowerment, breaking through project investment, smooth supply chain of industrial chain, leading by scientific and technological innovation, deepening the "four docking" and stabilizing the foundation of factors, we will promote the "ten thousand people help ten thousand enterprises" activity in a normal and long-term manner, and boost market confidence with caring and warm-hearted services.

　　The second is to promote the "three actions" and lay a good "change" plate. That is, we will further promote the upgrading and development of traditional industries, deepen technological transformation and technological empowerment, accelerate high-level grafting and mode change, improve the rate of innovation of traditional industries such as materials, equipment, automobiles, food and textiles, and enhance the competitive advantage of the whole industry chain. We will further promote the cultivation and expansion of emerging industries, accelerate the innovative application of key core technologies, and focus on new generation information technology, high-end equipment, new materials, modern medicine, new energy and intelligent networked vehicles, new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, so as to build an emerging industrial ecology that leads Henan manufacturing and has Henan characteristics, and build a new pillar of a strong manufacturing province. We will further promote the action of breaking the ice and rushing to the beach in future industries, vigorously introduce innovative platforms with core key technologies and enterprises with advantages in sub-sectors, promote hydrogen energy and energy storage, life and health, cutting-edge new materials and other industries to scale as soon as possible, and strengthen the research and demonstration application of brain-like intelligence, quantum information, future network and other industrial technologies. It is planned to cultivate about five provincial-level future industrial pilot zones in the province.

　　The third is to implement the "five projects" and play the word "turn". Namely: implement the industrial base reconstruction project, comprehensively sort out the shortcomings and weaknesses of our province’s manufacturing industry in the "five bases" field, actively connect with the national industrial strong base project, roll forward the core basic technology research, accelerate the promotion of high-quality basic products, and enhance the industrial base ability. Implement intelligent manufacturing engineering, vigorously develop intelligent products, intelligent technologies and intelligent services, promote the interconnection of the whole manufacturing process, the dynamic allocation of all factors and the collaborative creation of the whole value chain, and promote fundamental changes in industrial models and enterprise forms. Implement green manufacturing projects, accelerate the green transformation of key industries, increase the supply of green low-carbon products, and improve the efficiency of energy resources utilization in manufacturing. We will implement the project of cultivating advanced manufacturing clusters, focusing on building 10 advanced manufacturing clusters, 30 key industrial chains, 80 characteristic advantage industrial chains and 300 characteristic industrial clusters in cities and counties. We will implement the gradient cultivation project of high-quality enterprises, strive to newly cultivate 2,500 industrial enterprises, 1,000 provincial-level specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, and 100 national-level specialized and innovative small giant enterprises. At the same time, we will continue to do a good job in cultivating and supporting Touyan enterprises, and jointly promote the integration and development of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain and large, medium and small enterprises. thank you

　　Henan Daily reporter:

　　We are concerned that recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035). In the field of continuously upgrading traditional consumption, the Outline mentioned promoting the healthy development of residential consumption. I would like to know what measures our province has taken to promote housing consumption, ensure the delivery of buildings and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market, and what policies will it prepare to introduce? Thank you.

　　Wang Yi, Deputy Secretary and Deputy Director of the Party Group of the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development:

　　Thank you for your question, and thank you for your long-term concern and support for the housing and urban-rural construction in the province.

　　The real estate industry chain is long and involves a wide range. It is a pillar industry of the national economy and has an important impact on consumption, investment and financial stability. The Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development resolutely implements the decision-making and deployment requirements of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Economic Work Conference and the provincial party committee and government on real estate work, adheres to the policy orientation of "housing and not speculating", promotes the implementation of the main responsibility of the city government, steadily implements the long-term real estate mechanism, enhances the accuracy and coordination of policies, and makes concerted efforts at both ends of supply and demand to stabilize the real estate market.

　　We strongly support the demand for rigid and improved housing, optimize and adjust the purchase restriction policy, implement differentiated housing credit policies, introduce phased support policies for housing provident fund, reasonably determine the down payment ratio and interest rate level, distribute housing purchase subsidies and deed tax subsidies, promote the transfer of "second-hand houses" with collateral, build a convenient platform for buying houses, and guide housing enterprises to participate in the activities of the Housing Festival with reasonable profits. We made great efforts to improve the financing environment of real estate enterprises, took the lead in introducing phased financial aid policies for enterprises in China, and organized centralized contracts between banks and enterprises. Twenty-one financial institutions granted a total credit of 211.68 billion yuan to 30 real estate enterprises. We have made every effort to promote "ensuring the delivery of buildings and stabilizing people’s livelihood", earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of people who buy houses, and strive for the first batch of special loans of 20 billion yuan from the state to support 337 overdue projects. More than 9,500 sets have been completed and delivered, and we are actively striving for the second batch of special loans to support them. In 2022, when the downward pressure on the market is great, the real estate sales area and sales volume of our province still rank first in central China, and the operation and expectation of the real estate market in the province remain stable, and the risks are generally controllable.

　　This year is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is also a crucial year to implement the 14th Five-Year Plan. We will continue to implement the long-term real estate mechanism according to the city’s policy, grasp the six-word policy of "increasing, expanding, optimizing, transforming, strengthening and promoting", and introduce the "1+N" policy measures to improve market expectations and support rigid and improved housing demand. The first is to increase financing. We will implement the 16 supporting policies of the central government and the financial measures of our province to support the steady and healthy development of real estate, and expand the financing channels of real estate from three aspects: credit, equity and bond financing to better meet the reasonable financing needs of residents buying houses and housing enterprises. The second is to expand demand. Further activate the real estate market, cancel the restrictive policies that hinder the release of consumer demand, optimize the criteria for identifying second homes, reduce the tax and fee costs of second-hand housing transactions, implement the policies of birth and talent introduction, better meet the housing needs of new citizens and young talents, support the centralized group purchase of commercial housing, and support the households covered by sub-central cities and important node cities such as Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area, Luoyang and Nanyang, and enjoy the treatment of citizens in central cities when buying houses in corresponding central cities. The third is excellent supply. We will promote the structural reform of the housing supply side, establish a four-in-one linkage mechanism of "people, housing, land and money", vigorously implement urban renewal actions, build a complete community with safe and healthy facilities and orderly management, build a high-quality green smart community, conform to the new situation of consumption upgrading and industrial transformation, and strive to improve the supply of improved housing. The fourth is to turn risks.We will do a solid job in ensuring the delivery of buildings, people’s livelihood and stability, compact the main responsibility of housing enterprises and the territorial responsibility of local governments, resolutely crack down on illegal and criminal activities according to law, and continue to attack hard to accelerate the construction and delivery of overdue projects that have been sold. The fifth is strong service. Establish a "white list" system for housing enterprises, deepen the activity of "ten thousand people help ten thousand enterprises" to help high-quality head housing enterprises bail out, optimize housing transaction services, implement online signing and filing of housing transactions, and handle them without meeting, and fully implement the "certificate upon delivery" for new commercial housing. The sixth is to promote transformation. We will steadily and prudently promote the reform of the real estate industry, push real estate enterprises to change the mode of "high debt, high leverage and high turnover", improve the sales system of commercial housing, build a housing system with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase, and build a new mode of healthy development of real estate in an orderly manner.

　　The real estate industry is related to people’s livelihood and economic development. At present, the urbanization of our province is still in the stage of rapid development. It is estimated that during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, our province will increase the permanent population of cities and towns by about 6 million, and the demand for rigid housing is strong. With the acceleration of urban renewal and people’s yearning for better living quality, the potential of improved housing will be fully released. Under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and government, we have the confidence, determination and ability to push the real estate market in our province to maintain a virtuous circle and develop steadily and healthily, and make new contributions to stabilizing economic growth and making people live and live in peace! thank you

　　Yang Guangwang reporter:

　　Last year, due to the downward pressure of economic development and the multi-point spread of the epidemic, it brought a certain impact on employment. Excuse me: What is the overall employment situation in Henan at present? How will we continue to do a good job in stabilizing employment in the new year? Thank you.

　　Zhang Guowei, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security:

　　Thank you for your question. Over the past year, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, all levels and departments insisted on doing a good job in employment as an important political responsibility, took the initiative and cooperated closely. In the whole year, more than 1.1 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, more than 400,000 new rural laborers were transferred to employment, and the newly issued business guarantee loans exceeded 15 billion yuan. The overall employment situation in the province remained stable.

　　In the new year, we will thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, conscientiously implement the requirements of "Policies and Measures to Vigorously Boost Market Confidence and Promote Economic Stability", and make every effort to promote high-quality and full employment.

　　First, around a theme: under the guidance of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we should implement the employment priority strategy, strengthen the employment priority policy, and firmly establish the concept that "employment is the most basic livelihood" to ensure the overall stability of the employment situation throughout the year.

　　Second, keep a close eye on two goals: focusing on the implementation of the employment policy, maximizing the effectiveness of the policy, steadily expanding employment, and achieving more than 1.1 million new jobs in cities and towns; To build a high-quality and full-employment community as the starting point, compact territorial responsibilities, improve employment services, and ensure that the urban survey unemployment rate is controlled at around 5.5%.

　　Third, highlight three key points: First, steadily promote the employment of college graduates. In 2023, the number of college graduates in our province will reach 870,000, a record high. Increase the skills training for unemployed college graduates and other unemployed people in cities and towns, and give skills training subsidies according to regulations. We will improve the implementation of the real-name registration system for unemployed graduates who have left school, actively carry out online and offline special recruitment activities, and provide "131" services (providing one career guidance, three job information pushes, one skill training or one employment internship opportunity for each person free of charge) to ensure that the overall employment rate of college graduates is over 90%. The second is to do a good job in the employment of migrant workers. We will improve the employment service system for migrant workers, promote the expansion and upgrading of labor export, and increase the employment of rural labor force by more than 400 thousand. We will implement the demonstration and cultivation of human resources brands, promote the construction of "one county, one brand", and strive to build ten provincial human resources brands such as "Henan Agricultural Technician", "Henan Construction Worker" and "Logistics Yugong" to improve the employability of workers and increase employment income. The third is to ensure the employment of people with difficulties. We will carry out special recruitment such as employment assistance month and "warm heart activities", establish a dynamic management and refined service model in real-name registration system, give full play to the ability of urban and rural public welfare posts to ensure that more than 80,000 people with employment difficulties are employed, and zero-employment families are dynamically cleared.

　　Fourth, strengthen four measures: First, carry out special activities for public employment services. We will continue to build the brand of "10+N" special activities, carry out recruitment activities at least twice a month in each county, vigorously promote live broadcasting with posts, have activities every month and provide services from time to time, promote the matching of supply and demand in the labor market, and ensure the employment needs of key enterprises. The second is to strengthen the construction of "everyone with certificates and skills in Henan". Carry out large-scale vocational skills training with high quality, and strive to complete 3 million person-times of various vocational skills training, add 2 million skilled personnel and train 800,000 highly skilled personnel. Establish and improve the training system for skilled personnel and improve the quality of skills training. The third is to promote entrepreneurship to drive employment. Implement the "Malanhua Plan" for entrepreneurship training, and build a business incubation system with progressive levels, outstanding features and reasonable layout. We will continue to implement full financial discount on individual business guarantee loans, include eligible new citizens in the scope of business guarantee loans, and issue new business guarantee loans of more than 10 billion yuan. We will fully promote the return of Henan businessmen and talents, create a "four-in-one" entrepreneurial ecology of entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship guarantee loans, entrepreneurship incubation and entrepreneurship services, and strive to achieve more than 150,000 new entrepreneurs returning home. The fourth is to fully release the vitality of talents. We will continue to run the China Henan Innovation and Development Conference, carry out the "double promotion" action of recruiting and cultivating postdoctoral students, select and recommend top-notch innovative talents and experts, and gather and cultivate a number of high-level professional and technical personnel teams and projects. Talent drives innovation, innovation helps economic development, and promotes higher quality employment.Realize the benign interaction between human resources, economic development and employment promotion.

　　That’s all I’ll introduce, thank you!

　　Henan Radio and Television reporter:

　　Civil affairs is related to people’s livelihood and people’s hearts, and it is the basic work of social construction. What I want to know is, how will the civil affairs department strengthen the social security, further play the role of "stabilizer" and promote the sound economic and social development? Thank you.

　　Zhu Liangcai, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Civil Affairs Department:

　　Thank you very much for your concern, help and support for civil affairs! The provincial party committee and government have always attached great importance to people’s livelihood security and the lives of people in need. Especially since the outbreak, they have always paid attention to the safety of people in need, raised the standard of subsistence allowances and special hardship support year after year, raised the level of protection for orphans and disabled people, and tried every means to solve the urgent and anxious problems of the people and ensure the basic livelihood of the people in need. In order to effectively alleviate the impact of the epidemic on the people in need, an additional 750 million yuan will be invested in 2022, and a one-time living allowance for 210 yuan will be issued for each of the 3.564 million low-income and extremely poor people; In the whole year, 120 million yuan of price subsidy funds were distributed, benefiting 8.428 million people in need. Since the beginning of winter, the provincial party committee has specially deployed the action of "Caring for You, Me, He (She) and Warming Thousands of Families". The provincial government has studied and introduced eight measures to care for the difficult and special groups, supported the civil affairs departments to co-ordinate all kinds of social resources, and secured the bottom line of basic people’s livelihood security. To this end, we will resolutely and continuously protect our political responsibilities, do a good job in the following three aspects, and send the care and warmth of the provincial party Committee and government to the hearts of the people in need.

　　The first is to consolidate the protection of social assistance. We will provide normalized assistance to people in need, and spare no effort to relieve people’s difficulties, solve people’s worries and warm people’s hearts. Insist on doing our best and doing what we can, further improve the access conditions for subsistence allowances, and promote the expansion and efficiency of subsistence allowances. Encourage low-income residents who have the ability to work to actively find jobs. For low-income residents who go out to work and return to work, when calculating family income, the cost of working is deducted according to 30% of the urban minimum living standard in the place where they work; For families whose per capita income exceeds the minimum living standard after employment, a gradual retirement period of no more than 6 months can be given to ensure the relative stability of the economic situation of the minimum living families and enhance the endogenous development momentum. Increase the intensity of temporary assistance, change the situation of long application period, many procedures and complicated procedures, from the original application according to the domicile and residence to the implementation of temporary assistance from the emergency place, so as to facilitate the people in temporary difficulties to apply for assistance and effectively improve the effectiveness of assistance.

　　The second is to ensure the basic livelihood of low-income groups. Strengthen the dynamic monitoring and assistance of low-income population. On the basis of providing assistance to the traditional low-income people and the extremely poor people, we will include the marginal population with a per capita income of 1-1.5 times of the minimum living standard, and four types of families with income lower than the per capita disposable income of the previous year, such as the expenditure on medical care and education accounting for more than 50% of the total family income, which leads to difficulties in basic living. We will improve the linkage mechanism between social assistance and security standards and price increases, so as to minimize the impact of price increases on the basic livelihood of people in need. This year, the civil affairs department, together with the development and reform departments, will pay close attention to price fluctuations and extend the scope of temporary price subsidies from the original low-income target and extremely poor people to the marginal population; Reduce the monthly year-on-year increase of consumer price index CPI in the starting conditions of linkage mechanism from 3.5% to 3%, and ensure the basic life of low-income groups to the greatest extent.

　　The third is to strengthen the care of special groups. Focus on special hardship groups such as the extremely poor, severely disabled, seriously ill, children in distress and rural "three left-behind" personnel, and constantly improve the care service system. The implementation of the "two subsidies" for the disabled, from 60 yuan to 75 yuan per person per month, to ensure that the subsidies for 2.14 million people with difficulties and severe disabilities are paid in full and on time. Deepen the supply-side reform of old-age service institutions and promote the transformation of more than 200 township nursing homes into regional old-age service centers. We will continue to carry out the aging transformation of elderly families with special difficulties, and complete the transformation task of 60 thousand households throughout the year. Consolidate and improve the classified security system for children in distress, realize the cross-provincial application for the identification of orphans and children who are actually left unattended, and continuously improve the fine and accurate level of child welfare service guarantee.

　　There is no trivial matter in people’s livelihood, and the branches and leaves are always concerned. Under the correct leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the civil affairs department will fully perform the responsibilities of basic livelihood security, grass-roots social governance and basic social services in accordance with the deployment of the economic work conference of the provincial party committee, make every effort to be the guardian of a better life for the needy people and contribute to the economic and social development of Henan. thank you

　　Hong Kong Business Daily reporter:

　　At present, with the further optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures, culture and tourism are welcoming recovery. Excuse me, what measures will Henan take to quickly activate the cultural tourism market and actively help the economic and social development to be stable and good? Thank you.

　　Jiang Jiding, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism:

　　Thank you for your question! Cultural tourism is the main position and main force to promote consumption and the main battlefield to promote employment. At present, the pace of comprehensive recovery of culture and tourism is coming. During the three-day holiday on New Year’s Day, the province received a total of 13,084,700 tourists, an increase of 20.68% compared with the same period in 2022 (three days before the holiday); The accumulated tourism revenue was 6.107 billion yuan, an increase of 27.39% compared with the same period in 2022 (accumulated three days before the holiday). The scenic spots above 4A level opened in the province received 1,246,600 tourists, an increase of 44.56% compared with 2022. Tourism revenue was 80.4069 million yuan, up 57.65% compared with 2022. Among them, Yinji International Tourism Resort received 111,000 tourists, an increase of 258.06% compared with 2022; Tourism revenue was 7.92 million yuan, up by 289.57% compared with 2022.

　　We will move according to the time, make a good job in the cultural tourism market, revive the "combination boxing", set off a new upsurge of "Henan people traveling in Henan", and call it the cultural tourism brand of "walking in Henan and understanding China"-"going back to their hometown for the New Year".

　　Make the event brilliant and make the market hot. The continuous recovery of cultural tourism is a weather vane for economic stability. The province’s cultural and tourism system will seize the golden season of Spring Festival tourism, link up and down continuously, and combine online and offline to plan and hold the global launching ceremony of "Happy Spring Festival" and the concert of "Happy Spring Festival Harmony and Symbiosis" held by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Henan. More than 600 colorful cultural tourism activities, such as "Spring in the Central Plains, Hometown Henan", "Visiting the Millennium Temple Fair, Appreciating the Folk Customs of the Central Plains, Returning to the Hometown for the New Year", "Weibo Cultural Tourism Red Man Festival", "Fifth Global Cultural Tourism Creators Conference" and "Visiting Wan Li for the Millennium", will be well organized, which will "strongly stimulate" the culture and tourism industry, and make the cultural tourism market in the province hot and fire as soon as possible.

　　Send out the discount and let everyone move. The footsteps of thousands of tourists are the "strongest voice" to boost market confidence. We will come up with various concessions to let everyone go out of their homes and release the consumption demand of cultural tourism. Recently, 315 tourist attractions in the province have concentrated on launching ticket reduction and exemption activities, including Longmen Grottoes, Shaolin Temple, Yinxu, Hongqi Canal, Laojun Mountain and other well-known tourist attractions, which really let everyone "visit Henan". In addition, all localities also stimulate consumption by issuing coupons for cultural travel. For example, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang will issue 20 million yuan, 30 million yuan and 10 million yuan respectively, which will effectively activate the consumption of cultural tourism and let the "city fireworks" return to the land of the Central Plains.

　　Put policies in place to help enterprises get better. Market subject is the main force of culture and tourism. Strong industry first strengthens enterprises. The provincial party committee and government attach great importance to the relief of cultural tourism enterprises, exert efforts from both supply and demand, introduce policies and measures, and do everything possible to activate the main body of the tourism market. For the interest generated by the new, extended and deferred loans for the 4A-level and above tourist attractions in the province from June 2022 to March 2023, the provincial finance will give a discount at the annualized interest rate of 2%; Give certain rewards to the special trains and charter flights that attract passengers to Henan in 2023; Continue to implement 100% temporary refund of travel service quality deposit for travel agencies; We will implement the reward and compensation policy for small and micro enterprises’ financing guarantee fee reduction and reduce the financing guarantee cost of cultural tourism enterprises.

　　The horn of the strong recovery and comprehensive recovery of the cultural tourism has already sounded. In the next step, according to the overall deployment of the provincial party committee and government, we will resolutely implement policies and measures to boost market confidence and promote economic stability, thoroughly implement the strategy of integrating culture, tourism, culture and creation, and make the brand of "Walking in Henan and Understanding China" famous in an all-round way, so that Henan culture and tourism will glow with new brilliance in the post-epidemic era! thank you

　　Top journalist:

　　We know that whether it is expanding investment, promoting consumption, cultivating industries and strengthening the main body, we need to implement real projects, and we need high-quality carrier platforms as support to make the development elements more concentrated and kinetic energy more concentrated. May I ask: Which carrier platforms will our province focus on this year? Thank you.

　　Ma Jian, Party Secretary and Director of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission:

　　Thank you for your question. The question you raised is very good, and it is also the key issue that we have been studying in depth recently, which is very important for the high-quality economic development of our province this year. To do a good job in economic development, we should make overall plans, but also highlight key points and take areas from point to area. All along, the carrier platform system with outstanding advantages and high efficiency is the basic support for the high-quality economic development of our province. We will continue to strive for breakthroughs at the promotion level, make real contributions to activating power, and seek practical results in strengthening linkage, and further build a hard-core support for high-quality economic development.

　　First, strengthen the industrial carrier and further play the role of the main position, main battlefield and main engine of economic construction in the development zone. At present, the province’s development zones have been integrated from 288 to 184, and key reform tasks such as "three transformations and three systems" and "management Committee+company" have been basically completed. We will shift the focus of our work to industrial development, and push all localities to focus on the responsibility of owners and go all out to attract investment, projects and services. The first is to implement leapfrog development actions. Organize the work promotion meeting of development zones in the whole province, formulate policies and measures to promote the high-quality development of development zones, and carry out the establishment of industrial transformation demonstration development zones. The second is to strengthen the "heroes on average". Scientifically and orderly promote the expansion and regulation of development zones, and establish a comprehensive evaluation system of input and output per mu and a differentiated allocation mechanism of resource elements. The third is to strengthen monitoring and assessment. Improve the mechanism of monthly monitoring and quarterly notification, and organize observation activities in development zones.

　　Second, to be a carrier of precision agriculture and further strengthen the agglomeration effect of scientific and technological resources on platforms such as Central Plains Agricultural Valley. Recently, we focused on the major needs of national seed industry and food security, and planned and laid out the Central Plains agricultural valley in a forward-looking way. In the next step, we will implement the master plan of "Central Plains Agricultural Valley" and the construction plan of the core area as soon as possible, implement a number of landmark seed science and technology innovation projects, strengthen the dislocation linkage with Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Zone, and accelerate the construction of 4 million mu of high-standard farmland demonstration zone, which will provide important support for building the foundation of a grain-producing province and helping to build an agricultural power.

　　Third, be an excellent innovation carrier and further build a first-class innovation ecosystem. Since last year, the provincial party committee and the provincial government have built an innovative carrier platform system with the integration and promotion of the "three-in-one" construction of the Provincial Academy of Sciences, the Central Plains Science and Technology City and the Zhengzhou Center for National Technology Transfer as the leader, supported by provincial laboratories, industrial research institutes, pilot bases and wisdom islands. As a development and reform system, we will vigorously promote the construction of standardized wisdom islands, strive to build 20 all-factor, low-cost, convenient and open wisdom islands throughout the year, and incubate and cultivate 200 competitive and innovative enterprises.

　　Fourth, do a lively and open carrier to further enhance the domestic and international dual-cycle link function of the airport area and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum. The airport area is an important gateway for our province to open to the outside world, and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum is the only national forum with the theme of "Aerial Silk Road" in China. We will focus on the implementation of the institutional opening-up strategy, adhere to both hard and soft efforts, and jointly empower our province to open to the outside world at a high level. On the hard side, it is mainly to further promote the "second venture" of the airport area. High-level preparation of the development plan of the airport port area in the new stage, deepening the expansion of the "double hub" cooperation model between Zhengzhou and Lu, implementing the action of improving the quality and efficiency of air cargo at Zhengzhou Airport, striving for the landing of the second base of China Post Aviation, and starting the construction of Zhengzhou Air Mail Processing Center. On the soft side, it is mainly to accelerate the institutionalization and platform development of the "Aerial Silk Road" forum. Explore and hold the International Cooperation Forum on the "Silk Road in the Air" in turn with Luxembourg, strive to become a sub-forum of the national "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, link the Henan, China CIFIT, the overseas CIFIT in Luxembourg and other activities, launch and implement a three-year action plan to deepen cooperation with Europe, and attract a number of key industrial projects in the fields of automobiles, parts and semiconductors.

　　At the same time, this provincial economic work conference specifically proposed that the port economy should be regarded as the starting point and breakthrough point for the high-quality development of our province this year. We will continue to expand the airport, strengthen the dry port, develop the water port, promote the linkage between the comprehensive bonded zone and bonded logistics center and aviation, railway ports and various functional ports, gather various port-oriented industries with one port and one policy, strive to achieve double-digit growth in cargo and mail throughput of Zhengzhou Airport, and operate more than 3,000 flights of the China-Europe train Zhongyu. That’s all I’ll introduce, thank you!

　　Zeng Deya, Executive Vice Minister of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee

　　Thank you publishers! Thank you, reporter friend! That’s all for today’s on-site questions. If you have other concerns, please contact the provincial government information office, and we will do a good job of coordination.

　　Dear friends, today’s press conference, the first in 2023, was held on the first working day of the new year, focusing on development, the top priority of our party in governing and rejuvenating the country, highlighting the key of improving social and psychological expectations and boosting confidence in development, and releasing and interpreting a series of beneficial measures involving consumption, investment, industry, market players, foreign investment and foreign trade, people’s livelihood and other fields, which have an overall impact and are innovative in many aspects. In the first year of implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the crucial year of implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the crucial year of implementing the deployment of the 11th Party Congress, these "firsts" reflect the firm will of the provincial party committee and government to better coordinate epidemic prevention and control, economic and social development, better overall development and safety, release a clear signal that all levels and all parties work together with the broad market players to promote high-quality development, and highlight the essence of accelerating at the beginning and sprinting at the beginning. This confidence comes from a group of data and gratifying changes listed by Executive Vice Governor Shou Gang and various publishers. Last year, the total economic output of our province is expected to leap to a new level of 6 trillion yuan, which is a landmark achievement. The growth rate of major economic indicators is higher than that of the whole country, and the ranking has moved forward greatly. This unexpected trend is extremely difficult, and it is only difficult to achieve it. In the first year, it laid a solid foundation for comprehensively promoting the socialist modernized countries to contribute to Henan’s strength, accumulated strong kinetic energy and integrated various advantages. This confidence,The answer can be found in a series of policy measures just interpreted by the publishers. From going all out to keep healthy, to concentrate on promoting consumption; From continuing to concentrate on investment, to strengthening the main body with multiple measures, from two-way linkage to opening up, to accurately implementing policies to benefit the people’s livelihood, 90 policy "toolboxes" have a wide coverage, high gold content and strong pertinence, and strive to make policies, projects and funds work first, which not only strengthens the "stable" foundation, but also gathers the potential energy of "progress", both "addition" and "use" We believe that as long as these policies and measures come into effect early, accurately reach enterprises, strong escort projects, efficient empowerment industries, warm benefits to people’s livelihood, secure the bottom line of safety, and fully release dividends, the whole province can form a strong atmosphere of fighting for the economy and promoting development. We have the confidence, conditions and ability to promote the overall improvement of the economy, achieve higher quality, better efficiency and faster economic development, and further enhance Henan’s strategic position in the national economic map. Here, we expect media friends to focus on their confidence and strive for progress steadily. In the new year, we will tell a vivid story of Henan’s concerted efforts to protect health, fight for the economy, benefit the people’s livelihood and warm people’s hearts, and further condense the spiritual strength of courageously striving for the first place and being more brilliant.

　　This is the end of the press conference. Thank you again for the publishers! Thank you, journalists and friends! Goodbye.

　　CCTV News:According to Russian media reports, the International Olympic Committee recently cancelled the gold medal of the Russian track and field team in the 4× 100m relay event of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

　　According to the report of the International Olympic Committee, the female athlete Char Mosanska, who participated in the project, tested positive for drugs such as stanozolol in the re-examination of urine samples.

　　In May this year, the Russian Olympic Committee confirmed that 14 Russian athletes who participated in the Beijing Olympic Games failed in the re-examination of drug testing, including Char Mosanska. (CCTV reporter Gu Xin)

　　The National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have recently issued plans to promote the construction of urban community service facilities. Embedding functional facilities and services such as old-age care and nursery in urban communities and community public spaces. At the same time, urban renewal has welcomed more policy support in construction and land use. Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued policy guidelines, proposing to strengthen the planning and overall planning of urban renewal within the national spatial planning system. The reporter learned that this round of urban community embedded service facilities construction, its new building scale is expected not to be restricted by the planned floor area ratio index.

　　The industry pointed out that land has always been a difficult problem in urban renewal. Recently, many departments have issued support policies, which are expected to usher in breakthroughs in composite land use and land allocation methods.

　　The reporter recently came to Dongli South District of Tiantan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, where the renovation has just been completed. I saw that the roads in the community were completely renovated, hardened and laid, and drying poles were installed in public areas, which significantly improved the overall living quality.

　　The Dongli South District of the Temple of Heaven has been a building for more than 40 years. In recent years, there have been some problems that plague residents, such as falling off walls, aging water supply and drainage pipelines, damaged facilities in public areas, and disorderly parking. "The street will incorporate the renovation project of this community into the plan in 2021, start construction in October 2022 and complete it in October 2023." Li Junjian, deputy director of Tiantan Sub-district Office, introduced that this time, five high-rise buildings in the community were renovated, involving 594 households with a renovation area of 35,000 square meters. "It is mainly aimed at residents’ demands, including painting stairwells and fa? ades, updating water and sewage pipelines in the building, road paving, greening and reconstruction, and monitoring and installation of smart communities."

　　Since the beginning of this year, urban renewal represented by the transformation of old residential areas has been accelerated. According to the data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in 2023, the country plans to start the renovation of 53,000 old urban communities, involving 8.65 million households. According to the data reported by local statistics, 1-mdash; In October, 52,800 old urban communities were newly renovated nationwide, benefiting 8.7 million households, and the operating rate was 99.6% according to the number of communities.

　　At the same time, relevant departments have further supplemented the shortcomings of facilities and services to improve the urban living environment. Recently, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the National Development and Reform Commission’s Implementation Plan for Embedded Service Facilities Construction in Urban Communities, giving priority to big cities with an urban population of more than 1 million, and continuously improving community functions by embedding functional facilities and adaptive services such as old-age care, community feeding, housekeeping convenience, health services, physical fitness and so on in urban communities and community public spaces.

　　“‘ Livable city ’ Construction has become one of the main goals of high-quality urban construction in China. "Zhang Jing, chief planner of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, said that community embedded service facilities are an important measure to realize residents’ access to high-quality community public services at their doorstep by paying attention to the development needs of" people "in" livable "cities and satisfying residents’ demand for community public service facilities from" whether they are available "to" good ".

　　Zhang Yan, deputy director of the Department of Building Energy Conservation and Science and Technology of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said that the next step will be to guide all localities to make overall use of existing resources, rationally determine construction projects and implement detailed community facilities in urban renewal. Among them, in the transformation of old urban communities, supporting facilities and living environment will be improved through supplementary construction, purchase, replacement, lease and transformation. In the construction of a complete community, we will focus on the shortcomings of "one old and one small" service facilities and implement a number of construction projects such as service stations for the elderly, nurseries and kindergartens.

　　It is worth noting that urban renewal welcomes more policy support in construction and land use. Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued "Guidelines on Planning and Land Policy to Support Urban Renewal (2023 Edition)", proposing to strengthen the overall planning of urban renewal under the guidance of land spatial planning. The above-mentioned implementation plan is clear. As a non-profit public service facility, the community embedded service facilities built by the government can relax the planning conditions and support the implementation of related projects in the pilot cities on the premise of conforming to the detailed planning of land and space and not breaking through the relevant national and local policy and technical standards and norms.

　　Yang Jun, deputy director of the Space Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Natural Resources, said that municipal infrastructure, public service facilities and public safety facilities projects implemented to protect residents’ basic living needs and fill the shortcomings of the city can be considered without negative impact on the surrounding areas. The scale of new buildings can be considered without being restricted by the planned floor area ratio index.

　　"Land has always been a difficult problem in urban renewal. Dealing with the problems left over from land history in some areas has become the first hurdle for urban renewal. After the renewal, there are also many specific operational problems such as the acquisition method of composite land or mixed land, land price calculation, service life and payment standard." Huang Zheng, a researcher at the Institute of Land Development and Regional Economy of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, said that the policies of relevant departments have been involved in these aspects, and it is expected to make a breakthrough in the disposal of historical issues, composite land use, land allocation methods, land tax collection and land price collection rules.

　　Li Yujia, chief researcher of the Guangdong Housing Policy Research Center, said that the planning and use of land were faced with rigid control and it was difficult to adjust. If it is fragmented, it will lead to low land use efficiency. If the overall planning of urban renewal is strengthened within the national land spatial planning system, and the land use, function and floor area ratio control are coordinated, it will be beneficial to "fat and thin collocation", better integrate some inefficient land, free up space for urban renewal and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties.

　　Huang Zhengxue said that this round of urban renewal is different from the way of government-arranged, large-scale demolition and large-scale construction. It is necessary to establish a multi-agent collaborative model of "government guidance, market operation and public participation" to improve urban functions, improve urban quality and enhance urban development vitality. Therefore, this round of urban renewal pays more attention to environmental quality improvement and public space optimization. He suggested that in the next step, urban renewal needs more coordination of policies such as investment, taxation and land.

　 　 On August 21st, local time, Wentworth Miller, a 41-year-old famous actor who starred in the popular American TV series, officially came out and made his homosexual identity public. In a letter to the president of the International Film Festival in St. Petersburg, Russia, he refused the invitation to attend, and made it clear that because he was gay, he wanted to protest against Russian homophobic laws. The text reads: "Thank you for your invitation. But as a homosexual, I have to say no. I can’t keep my conscience and go to an activity organized by a country that completely deprives people like me of the right to live and love openly. "

　 　　Wentworth Miller was born in England, grew up in Brooklyn, new york and graduated from Princeton University. After obtaining a bachelor of arts degree from the university, he came to Los Angeles in the spring of 1995 and worked in the development department of a small TV production company. However, his childhood dream made him quickly move into the entertainment industry. Miller appeared in a film directed by robert benton, starring Anthony Hopkins and Nicole Kidman. Miller went on to appear, making guest appearances in Joan of Arcadia and Ghost Whisperer. Then Miller began to shoot Prison Break, which became an instant hit and was nominated as the best performance award in the TV series of the Golden Globe Award in 2006.

　 　 Miller, who became popular around the world because of the role of Prison Break, was exposed by the media as early as 2007, but Miller has never given it a positive recognition. As he believes, private life should maintain a certain degree of mystery. Miller thinks that his job is to try to entertain the audience within an hour. If the audience is entertained, his task is completed. As for private life, it’s nobody’s business.

[Interpretation]

"To be enlightened by virtue and to be virtuous" comes from the haiku of Meng Gua in Zhouyi. Children are called "children" because they are ignorant of the world after they are born. It is the greatest achievement of saints to train children to receive education and become useful people to society.

Meng Gua Gua also said: "I beg Tong Meng, and Tong Meng asks me." "I" here refers to the teacher, who thinks that the best way of education is not for the teacher to find students to be taught, but for the students to take the initiative to ask the teacher for advice. Children learn with an open mind and teachers teach patiently, so that the best educational effect is corresponding to their interests.

For thousands of years, "being educated by virtue" has been regarded as the standard of Chinese traditional education. Zhu Xi’s "Notes for Children" said: "The learning of children’s enlightenment begins with clothes and shoes, the second time and the trend of speech, the second time and sweeping, the second time and reading and writing, and there are miscellaneous matters, which should be known."

[Interpretation]

"Young people are wise in the country, and young people are strong in the country." Strengthening the ideological and political education of teenagers is a top priority in our country. To train successors with ideals, morality, culture and discipline in the new era of socialism, and to improve the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality of the whole Chinese nation, the core is to strengthen the ideological and political work of young people and comprehensively promote their development in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, beauty and labor.

The most important thing in youth education is to teach them correct ideas, guide them to the right path and help them button their first button in life. On June 1, 2015, when meeting with the representatives of the Seventh National Congress of the Chinese Young Pioneers, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader earnestly taught: "To be a good person, we must have moral character, knowledge and responsibility, and we must adhere to moral character first. You are all saplings now, and the cultivation of moral character needs rich nutrition and fertile soil, so that you can thrive. The better you cultivate your moral character now, the better you can do in the future. "

Ideological and political course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of moral education. To run a good ideological and political course is to carry out Marxist theoretical education, cultivate people with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, guide students to enhance Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, cultivate patriotic feelings, and consciously integrate love for national conditions, ambition to strengthen the country and serve the country into the struggle of adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, building a modern and powerful socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We should make good use of the "golden key" of ideological and political courses to educate and help young people to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so that they will become the pillars of the country and the backbone of the nation in the future.

The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will eventually become a reality in the relay struggle of the vast number of young people. The vast number of young people should consciously link their personal destiny with the destiny of the motherland and the nation, practice excellent skills and temper their moral cultivation, and grow into qualified builders and reliable successors of the socialist cause with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty in their youth struggle.

(Author Yang Lixin)

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

According to the statistics of relevant departments, there are currently more than 2,000 colleges and 22,000 high schools in China that organize students to carry out military training as required, with more than 20 million students participating in the training every year. The National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission recently issued a notice, clarifying that starting from August 25 this year, a daily reporting system will be established for military training of students throughout the country.

In August 2017, the General Office of the State Council and the General Office of the Central Military Commission issued opinions on deepening the reform of students’ military training, put forward the basic principles of students’ military training, such as adhering to the party’s management of military training, adhering to integration of defense and civilian technologies, adhering to intensive and efficient training, adhering to the rule of law, and attaching equal importance to theoretical skills, and demanded strengthening the system construction of organization and leadership, training and teaching, teaching staff, training capacity and quality monitoring, and solidly deepening the reform of students’ military training.

The country is strong when young people are strong, and the country has hope when young people have hope. Organizing college and middle school students to participate in military training sowed the seeds of serving the country from the army, and harvested the hope of the nation and the future of the country.

As early as 1955, the first Military Service Law promulgated by New China established a military training system for students, which has been uninterrupted for more than 60 years. Abroad, since Napoleon initiated military exercises in Paris Polytechnic, many countries in the world have successively carried out military exercises with military subject education as the main content in colleges and universities. Its basic educational model is that the army forms a "military group" to take charge of students’ usual course teaching and training, which has played a positive role in improving teenagers’ physical and mental literacy and military skills.

The significance and importance of organizing students to participate in military training is self-evident, which has become a world consensus. In recent years, the military organs at all levels of the whole army have joined hands with the local education administrative departments to actively explore ways to adapt to the requirements of the new era, effectively preventing the problems of inadequate organization and management and the failure to implement policies and systems, especially the phenomenon of market-oriented operation and commercial training in a few places, which has led to the simple and boring military training for students, becoming a mere formality, being deformed and stale, and violating the original intention of organizing military training for students.

Comprehensively deepening the reform of students’ military training and improving the quality of students’ military training is not only one of the important ways to cultivate people and reserve soldiers, but also a strong foundation to support the Chinese dream and the dream of strengthening the military in the new era.

The training content is real. We must resolutely overcome the past phenomenon of "old military training every year" and lack of "military flavor" and "war flavor", and complete the "prescribed actions" according to the outline, so as to ensure that the subjects are fully trained, the time is sufficient, and the content is practical; Reasonably arrange "optional movements", increase the contents of military boxing, self-help and mutual rescue, fire evacuation, etc., and break the military training mode of "old three kinds" and "all the same" in high schools and universities; According to the facts, select "innovative movements", increase orienteering, radio direction finding and school characteristic training as appropriate, ensure that students’ military training content is connected with recruits’ training courses, and cultivate and establish a reserve talent pool with good quality.

The team of coaches is strong. In the past, coaches came from various sources and the quality of their personnel was uneven. The quality of coaches directly affects the quality of military training. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the selection, training and assessment of coaches; Just like the army’s teaching method training, from command password, command action and command position to group training methods, ideological and political work methods and management methods, training is organized one by one, and personnel are assessed one by one.

Supervision and inspection are hard. Resolutely put an end to the arbitrariness of students’ military training, the phenomenon that the time can be short, the subjects can be reduced, and the difficulty can be reduced. We set up a student military training supervision and inspection team, and take a combination of general survey and spot check to supervise. We will persist in discipline and strict accountability for the fraud of arbitrarily reducing training content and reducing training time, as well as the violation of rules and regulations that misappropriate military training expenses, so as to ensure that students’ military training work is not deformed, distorted or shrunk, and form an orderly management and operation.

the other day

Fujian has been introduced.

"Fujian Province Housing Provident Fund"

Measures for the Administration of Deposit "

(hereinafter referred to as the "Measures")

It will be implemented from February 1st.

Valid for 5 years

This is the first time that Fujian Province has formulated a special

Measures for the administration of housing provident fund deposit

It is clear in the "Measures"

Freelancers and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan

Depositable provident fund

Prescribed deposit

"Limit the height and guarantee the bottom" standard and other issues.

↓↓↓

Q1

What are the deposit targets of housing provident fund?

On-the-job employees: Housing accumulation fund shall be paid by their work units.

Compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who are employed locally and foreigners who hold the Permanent Residence Permit for Foreigners can pay the housing provident fund as required.

Military employers and their civilian personnel: Housing provident fund shall be paid in accordance with regulations, and the paid housing provident fund shall be uniformly managed by the local provident fund center.

Flexible employees: individuals can deposit housing provident fund, and the specific measures shall be formulated separately by the local provident fund management committees.

Q2

What is the base and proportion of housing provident fund deposit?

The "Measures" stipulate that the deposit base of employee housing provident fund is the average monthly salary of employees in the previous year. However, there are limits-

The lower limit of the monthly deposit base of housing provident fund: the minimum wage standard for cities with districts where employees work.

The upper limit of the monthly deposit base of housing provident fund: 3 times the average monthly salary of local employees.

The "Measures" stipulate that the deposit ratio of units and employees’ housing provident fund should not be higher than 12% and should not be lower than 5%, and units can independently determine the deposit ratio within this range.

Q3

Just joined a new unit, how to determine the base of housing provident fund deposit?

Newly hired employees shall pay the housing provident fund from the date when the employing unit issues wages, and the deposit base shall be the monthly salary of the employed month or the average monthly salary of the previous year. If the employed month is not full-term, the converted monthly salary shall be used as the deposit base.

Q4

How to calculate the amount of employee’s monthly housing provident fund deposit?

The monthly deposit amount of employee housing provident fund includes the unit deposit part and the employee deposit part, which are respectively the employee deposit base multiplied by the unit housing provident fund deposit ratio and the employee housing provident fund deposit ratio, with yuan as the unit and the following yuan rounded off.

Example:

In 2023, the upper limit of the monthly payment base of employees who pay housing provident fund in a city is 28,062 yuan, and the lower limit is 1,960 yuan.

Example 1: If the average monthly salary of employee A last year was 29,200 yuan, which was higher than the upper limit of the monthly contribution base in 2023, the upper limit of the monthly contribution of the employee’s housing accumulation fund should be 6,734 yuan according to the upper limit of 28,062 yuan, which should not be higher than this upper limit.

If the average monthly salary of employee B in the previous year is 1780 yuan, which is lower than the monthly minimum wage standard of this city, the monthly deposit base of employee housing provident fund should be calculated according to the lower limit of the monthly minimum wage standard of 1960 yuan in this city, and the lower limit of the monthly deposit is 196 yuan, which shall not be lower than this lower limit.

Example 2: If the monthly contribution base of employee C’s housing accumulation fund is 28,062 yuan, which reaches the upper limit of the monthly contribution base in 2023, if the contribution ratio of the unit is 12%, then the monthly contributions of the unit and the employee are 3,367 yuan respectively, and the total monthly contribution of the employee is 3,367+3,367 = 6,734 yuan.

Example 3: If the contribution base of employee D’s housing provident fund is the monthly minimum wage of 1960 yuan in this city, and the contribution ratio is 5%, then the monthly contributions of the unit and the employee are 98 yuan respectively, and the total monthly contribution of the employee is 98+98=196 yuan.

Example 4: If the average monthly salary of employee E in the previous year is 17,000 yuan according to the statistical caliber of total wages, which is between the upper limit and the lower limit of the monthly contribution base, if the contribution ratio is 10%, the employee should calculate the monthly contribution of 1700+1700 = 3,400 yuan according to the standard of the monthly contribution base of 17,000 yuan.

Q5

What if the unit encounters difficulties and the provident fund cannot be paid?

If it is really difficult for a unit to pay the housing provident fund, it may apply for reducing the payment ratio or delaying the payment of the housing provident fund after discussion and approval by the employees (representatives) meeting or trade union of the unit. However, the time limit for reducing the deposit ratio and deferring payment each time cannot exceed one year.

When the economic benefit of the unit improves or the deposit ratio is reduced, and the deferred payment expires, the reduced deposit ratio shall be restored to the normal ratio, and the deferred payment shall be restored to the normal deposit and the deferred housing provident fund shall be repaid; If it is necessary to reduce the deposit ratio or postpone payment, it is necessary to re-apply.

Q6

If the unit is dissolved or bankrupt, are the rights and interests of employees guaranteed?

The "Measures" stipulate that if a unit is merged, divided, revoked, dissolved or bankrupt, it shall repay the unpaid and underpaid housing provident fund for employees. If the unit is unable to pay back when it is merged or divided, it shall clearly pay back the responsible subject before going through the relevant formalities; When a unit is revoked, dissolved or bankrupt, it shall pay off the housing accumulation fund of the unpaid employees according to law.

public accumulation fund

As a national statutory

A housing security system

Provides every worker with

Stable and safe

Housing fund guarantee

so

Are there any friends in Fuzhou?

Want to check the balance of provident fund?

Want to know your own provident fund payment base and deposit ratio?

Or want to withdraw the housing provident fund?

……

How to inquire or handle it conveniently and quickly?

What about your own provident fund business?

Actually it’s very simple.

↓↓↓

Just open the "e Fuzhou" APP.

Click [five insurances and one gold] on the homepage.

Select [Provident Fund Service]

Select Business Processing or other items.

Select the business you need to inquire or handle.

Just follow the system prompts

Is it particularly simple?

Original title: "How much does the housing provident fund pay? How to pay? Fujian’s first management measures are clear. "

Read the original text

Helicobacterpylori (H.pylori) is a kind of bacteria.unique, canPersistent colonization in human gastric mucosaAnd bacteria that can cause stomach infections.

Helicobacter pylori isgram-negativeSpiral, micro-aerobic bacteria inhabit human gastric mucosa. More than half of the people in the world are infected with Helicobacter pylori, but many of them have no clinical symptoms. Helicobacter pylori and its prevalence rate are as high as 80% in some people.

It is speculated that Helicobacter pylori may be a part of human indigenous microbiota, and it has a very complicated relationship with human hosts.

This paper mainly discusses how Helicobacter pylori co-evolved with human beings, and the possible mechanism can explain the positive and negative correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of several diseases in population-based research, as well as the respective results of how inflammation and/or microbial changes are related.

one

Symptoms and complications of Helicobacter pylori

Most people infected with Helicobacter pylori have no obvious symptoms, but when symptoms appear, they are generally the following:

Nausea, stomach pain or heartburn, abdominal pain aggravated on an empty stomach.

What kind of situation is likely to be infected with this bacterium?

Helicobacter pylori may spread through contact with saliva, vomit or feces of infected people, and it can also be infected by eating contaminated food or water.

Most people infected with Helicobacter pylori are inChildhood infectionYes.

Some factors may increase the risk of infection with Helicobacter pylori:　　

For example, living in a crowded space, without clean water, and living with people with Helicobacter pylori.

When do you need to see a doctor?

When you feel unusual stomachache or discomfort, especially persistent or recurrent stomachache;

Dysphagia;

Bloody, black or tarry feces;

Vomiting is bloody or looks like coffee grounds;

…

In the above situation, it is best to see a doctor.

(If you take antibiotics at will, the effect is not good and it is likely to bring antibiotic resistance.)

How to diagnose helicobacter pylori?

At present, the most common and affordable method isBreath detectionIt takes only a few minutes from the analysis to the result, which is simple and accurate.

gastroscopyGastroscopy also includes detection of Helicobacter pylori, because active tissues in the stomach can be taken for pathological examination.

Antibody examinationThrough blood test, to determine whether you have been infected with Helicobacter pylori and are currently infected.

Does helicobacter pylori cause complications?

Include ulcers, gastritis and stomach cancer.

ulcer About 10% patients with Helicobacter pylori will develop gastric ulcer (pain). This happens when Helicobacter pylori destroys the mucosa that protects the inner walls of the stomach and small intestine, and gastric acid can penetrate into the lining and cause damage.

Helicobacter pylori can cause more than 90% intestinal ulcers and 80% gastric ulcers.

Ulcer itself can also lead to serious complications:

? Internal bleeding Gastric acid or ulcer seeping into blood vessels may lead to bleeding.

? block An ulcer will prevent food from leaving your stomach.

? perforate The ulcer may penetrate deep into the stomach or intestinal wall.

? peritonitis Peritoneal inflammation (peritoneum) may occur when an ulcer causes infection or inflammation.

gastritis Gastritis is inflammation of gastric mucosa. Helicobacter pylori is at increased risk of suffering from this disease.

If gastritis is not treated, it may lead to serious blood loss and may increase the risk of illness.gastric cancerThe risk. Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of death in the world.

In addition, Helicobacter pylori infection is also related to other diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, type 2, anemia, adverse metabolic characteristics of obese subjects and insulin resistance.

2

Helicobacter pylori and microflora

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection will produce drastic changes in the gastric microenvironment, which will further affectGastric microfloraComposition, and may be related toChanges of intestinal microfloraRelated. May triggerIntestinal symbiotic homeostasisMajor changes, resulting in a new gastrointestinal balance.

At the same time, the therapeutic strategies used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori can regulate this physiological symbiosis, but it may also be the opposite, influenced by its characteristics.. Infection, diet, antibiotics and/or lifestyleWill interfere with this symbiotic relationship.

Interference of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric microflora

Next-generation sequencing was used to study the human gastric microflora in gastric juice and biopsy samples. The results showed that there were many bacterial groups in the stomach, which mainly consisted of five phyla, includingActinomycetes, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Clostridium and Proteus.. Helicobacter pylori infection has greatly changed the characteristics of gastric microflora.

A preliminary study reported that Helicobacter pylori colonization changed the gastric microflora,Reduce that diversity of microorganismsEradication of Helicobacter pylori can restore microbial diversity.

Helicobacter pylori can regulate gastric microenvironment by several mechanisms. By interfering with the expression of proton pump, Helicobacter pylori can regulate the acidity of gastric cavity, thus making the microenvironment compatible with microorganisms that usually cannot grow in the stomach.

Study on evaluating the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric microflora

Tao et al.,　Helicobacter, 2020

In addition, the altered immune response due to the presence of Helicobacter pylori may affect other microbial groups. Helicobacter pylori may also change the growth of other microbial groups by mobilizing antibacterial peptides or by nutritional competition. In general, researchers have shown that,The colonization of Helicobacter pylori is related to the significant decrease of α diversity.. There is an inverse relationship between microbial diversity and Helicobacter pylori abundance.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on intestinal microflora

Compared with the negative control group of Helicobacter pylori, individuals with a large number of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach have different intestinal flora, which indicates that there is interaction between gastrointestinal segments.

Most studies show that there is a positive correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal microbial diversity. Because high microbial diversity is usually related to overall good health, it will be interesting to explore whether the increase of intestinal microbial diversity after Helicobacter pylori infection has some beneficial effects on the host.

Study on the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on intestinal microflora

Tao et al.,　Helicobacter, 2020

There are significant differences in microbial community structure between Helicobacter pylori infection group and negative control group.

The composition analysis at the door level found that among the infected individualsThe abundance of Proteus increased significantly.This may be due to the transfer of Helicobacter pylori from stomach to intestinal cavity. It is worth noting that Bacteroides and Firmicutes (B:F) are similar.ratioexistIt is higher in helicobacter pylori positive group.The changed B:F ratio is related to the clinic, because it is found that Firmicutes and Bacteroides are related to the lipid metabolism and energy balance of the host.

Compared with the uninfected group,There was no significant difference in the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Ackermann mucilaginosus.. Other researchers have found that people infected with Helicobacter pyloriThe abundance of lactobacillus is higher..

A study found that among patients infected with Helicobacter pylori, the intestinal microflora of patients with atrophic gastritisStreptococcus is more abundant.

Another study found that individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori showedDecrease of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers (such as butyrate)SCFA has a beneficial metabolic effect on the host.

In addition, given the widespread expression of SCFAs receptors in immune cells, these metabolites are considered to play an important role in regulating intestinal homeostasis. Therefore,Inhibition of SCFAs output during Helicobacter pylori infection may be harmful to human health..

Functional analysis shows that the disease-related pathway is more active among people with negative helicobacter pylori. In contrast, many metabolic pathways are over-represented in infected patients. Therefore, in the microbial community,Functional changes may be site specific.Yes, because the changes observed in the intestine are different from those observed in the stomach.Different trends.

Effect of eradication therapy on gastric microflora

Tao et al.,　Helicobacter, 2020

Sufficient evidence shows that the diversity of gastric microorganisms increased significantly after the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori, but it did not improve after the failure of treatment. The researchers think it may take some time to recover, because they think the diversity increases gradually from week 0 to week 6 and week 26.

In addition, studies have shown that after the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori,α diversity can be completely restored to the level of uninfected control group.. On the contrary, although the community structure can be partially restored after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, there is controversy about whether there is still a significant difference between the eradication group and the negative control group.

Some researchers found that after two months of treatment, the composition of gastric microbial community recovered to the level of uninfected children. However, other studies confirmed that adult samples still showed different microbial structure after six months of successful treatment, but the negative control group was different.

Different age groups included in the analysis may explain the opposite conclusion, because another study of recruiting children also found that the flora structure of eradication group was close to that of Helicobacter pylori negative group after 4 weeks of treatment.

Evaluation of changes of gastric microflora after eradication therapy

Tao et al.,　Helicobacter, 2020

Component analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Helicobacter pylori decreased significantly after treatment, while other major bacteria, includingActinobacillus, Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Fusobacterium increased..

At the generic level, after treatment,Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium(two recognized probiotics)The number has increased significantly..

The functional analysis of the two studies showed that after successful treatment,Protein and Up-regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Pathway. Therefore, during the period of Helicobacter pylori infection, the nutritional and metabolic function of gastric microflora is damaged, and eradication treatment can partially recover. However, the predicted functional changes need further verification.

Changes of intestinal microflora after eradication treatment

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been proved to have a significant effect on intestinal microflora by reducing acidity. Therefore, the effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy on intestinal microflora is the joint result of PPIs, antibiotics and bismuth. The general trend is that,α diversity decreased immediately after eradication and then recovered..

Tao et al.,　Helicobacter, 2020

Specifically, how long the recovery will take remains to be clarified. Most studies have collected information within 2 months of follow-up.Decreased α diversityHowever, there is no significant difference between the report and the baseline.

However, a research report, from week 0 to week 6 and week 26,Sobs indexandChao indexAre falling, not statistically significant. Notably, another study found that,Different treatment optionsThe effects on intestinal microflora may be different.

In clinical trials, there are three different treatment schemes, including triple therapy, combined therapy and bismuth quadruple therapy. The results show that,The α diversity of all groups decreased at the second week., but only acceptThe patients with triple therapy only have basic α diversity at the eighth week.However, the α diversity of the other two groups after treatment.Can’t recover in a year..

It is hoped that future research will verify whether eradication therapy will lead to the continuous disorder of intestinal flora and how different treatment schemes affect reversibility.

Study on the influence of eradication therapy on intestinal microflora

Tao et al.,　Helicobacter, 2020

　Probiotic supplementation can alleviate the diversity and structural disorder caused by antibiotics.　

Probiotics have been proved to stabilize the microbial population and improve gastrointestinal symptoms. At the door level,Treatment for 6 monthsAfter observingThe thick-walled flora increased and Bacteroides decreased., indicating that it is observed in individuals infected with Helicobacter pyloriHigh B:F ratio reversal. Nine similar results were reported in another study.

Clinical evidence supports that obesity is related to the decrease of B:F ratio. Therefore, the decrease of B:F ratio detected in these studies may beWeight gain after eradication treatmentProvides a possible explanation. However, some researchers explain that,After 18 months of eradication, the reduced B:F ratio can be reversed.. Interestingly, probiotic supplementation has been shown to be associated with a higher B:F ratio after eradication therapy. It is worth noting that the results of the report are inconsistent.

A study showed that the B:F ratio increased immediately after treatment and remained above the baseline level at the 13th week. The classification map of metagenome research shows that,The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium decreased after treatment.. However, another study showed that Bifidobacterium increased after 6 months of successful eradication.

Enriched in the intestinal microflora of Helicobacter pylori positive atrophic gastritisStreptococcus decreased significantly after eradication treatment..

Although the long-term changes of intestinal microflora are different in different studies, it seems to be consistent to eradicate the short-term disorder that causes intestinal homeostasis.

Effect of eradication therapy on antibiotic resistance of intestinal flora

With the wide application of eradication therapy, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has become an important problem in clinical practice.

After the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, the increase of antibiotic resistance and the post-eradication treatmentLong-term security is an important issue..

Individualized treatment guided by drug sensitivity test can provide reliable and excellent eradication rate in first-line treatment, but it is expensive and not widely available. According to the antibiotic resistance in local areas,Empirical therapy for specific populationIt may be an alternative strategy.

three

Host and environmental determinants of helicobacter pylori-related diseases

Has been shown to change the risk of helicobacter pylori-related diseasesHost factorIncluding the hostageThe duration between the acquisition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori infection, but more importantly, the host.Immune mediator(polymorphism) andAcid secretion state.　

In addition to host factors,Smoking and dietEnvironmental factors will also affect the niche of Helicobacter pylori colonization, so it may affect the disease risk.

Karin et al.,　FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006　

　Age　

existAt a young ageInfection with Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The development of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer requires long-term infection of Helicobacter pylori, so it is speculated that these diseases are more common in patients with chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori.

In addition, this association is considered to be caused byDifference of host immune response in different age groupsDecided by.

inflammatory mediator

After being infected with Helicobacter pylori, the host gastric epithelial cells release cytokine IL-8. This cytokine is involved in the recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells and T cells to the inflammatory site. These cells further enhance the immune response by secreting other inflammatory mediators, such as interferon-G, tumor necrosis factor-A and interleukin-1B.

Schematic diagram of pathogenesis related to Helicobacter pylori

Karin et al.,　FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006　

A) In human stomach, Helicobacter pylori mainly colonizes the antrum lacking gastric acid secretion wall cells;

B) In gastric pits, Helicobacter pylori proliferates especially near the tight junction of epithelial cells;

C) Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in colonization, persistence and disease development.

The immune response to Helicobacter pylori is further manifested in activated human neutrophils.Oxidation explosion. This outbreak will lead to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a low molecular weight metabolite that can destroy important biological components including nucleic acids. ROS mayDamage genes that control cell growth; And stimulate the development of cancer. Therefore, the existence of immune mediators will lead to gastric epithelialImpaired integrity. This kind of injury is the cause of most pathology related to Helicobacter pylori infection, rather than direct Helicobacter pylori activity.

Immune cells existing during Helicobacter pylori infection are mainlyProinflammatory cellInstead of anti-inflammatory cells. Pro-inflammatory mediators are secreted by helper T cells 1(Th1). Primitive T cells are driven by many factors to differentiate into Th1 cells, such as TNF-a and IL-12.

Stimulated by Helicobacter pylori, monocytes produce a large amount of cytokine IL-12. Therefore,By stimulating the release of IL-12, Helicobacter pylori enhances the pro-inflammatory response.. This leads to more damage to the gastric epithelium, which is easy to develop gastric atrophy.

Some host genes encoding immunoregulatory factors contain polymorphic regions. These genesPolymorphism will change their transcription, thus affecting the inflammatory process. Therefore, the risk of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases may change. So far,Polymorphism of IL-1b, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10 and TNF-a genesHas been proven to be related to the remote endGastric cancer is significantly related..

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) helps to eliminate pathogens by presenting peptide fragments derived from pathogens to appropriate T cells. HLA gene is highly polymorphic, and someHLA alleles are related to the occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma..Helicobacter pylori infection is also related to the occurrence of gastric adenocarcinomaBut its existence has nothing to do with the existence of these HLA alleles. Therefore, the importance of HLA alleles in Helicobacter pylori-mediated adenocarcinoma is still controversial.

Therefore, genetically predeterminedDominant pro-inflammatory Th1 response is associated with Helicobacter pylori disease..

On the other hand, the intensity of Th1 response may be limited by the production of anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine IL-10, thusProlonging infection time. Th2 type reaction is caused by parasites. Therefore, the inflammatory reaction and pathological changes of people infected with Helicobacter pylori gradually weaken. This may lead to these individualsTime delay of progression from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. In addition, different pro-inflammatory reactions may directly lead to different pathways of Helicobacter pylori-related pathology.

Gastric acid secretion

Th1 reaction mentioned above causes gastric parietal cells to inhibit their acid secretion. The environment with low acidity may promote the spread and persistence of Helicobacter pylori. In addition, whenGastric acid level is low.Microorganisms other than helicobacter pylori may grow in the human stomach, thusEnhance local inflammatory response.Pro-inflammatory cytokineandDecreased gastric acid secretionJoint action ofincreaseThe patients suffering from peptic ulcer and gastric cancerrisk.

On the other hand, when the secretion of acid decreases, duodenal ulcer is unlikely to occur. When the secretion of acid is enhanced, the risk of duodenal ulcer increases. However, it is alsoLow acidityUnder the conditions,The risk of duodenal ulcer may increase after Helicobacter pylori infection..

Gastric parietal cells control itAcid-producing abilityIt is important in the development of helicobacter pylori-related diseases. Helicobacter pylori infection mainly occurs in human stomach.Weakly acidic parts, such as the gastric antrum. Therefore, the host with high gastric acid secretion has a high density of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric antrum, and it mainly develops intoGastric antral gastritis. Subsequently, the intact parietal cells in the stomach are stimulated to secrete acid, thus inducing gastric metaplasia of the duodenum. Helicobacter pylori colonizes this gastric metaplasia, which may lead to duodenal ulcer.

On the other hand, the host with low gastric acid secretion is not only susceptible to Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric antrum, but also susceptible to Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric body. The infected Helicobacter pylori can further inhibit the acid secretion of gastric parietal cells. This can stimulate the continuous proliferation of gastric epithelial cells, leading toProgressive loss of gastric glands, eventually leading to gastric atrophy and cancer.

Environmental determinants

smoke

Some environmental factors are related to the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori. Smoking is the main factor in the development of gastric cancer. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogenic nitrosamines, which leads to the development of cancer.

High salt diet

Some dietary factors are related to helicobacter pylori disease. High-salt diet is associated with the increased rate of Helicobacter pylori colonization, gastritis and gastric cancer risk. High salt concentration leads to atrophy of parietal cells and destruction of mucosal barrier. However, only long-term high salt intake will increase the risk of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases.

High rice intake

There is a positive correlation between high rice intake and gastric cancer. Rice contains carbohydrates, which may irritate the gastric mucosa.

Low intake of fruits and vegetables

Low intake of fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of gastric cancer. Fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants vitamin C and beta-carotene, which can prevent cancer by neutralizing active oxygen.

Therefore, although several environmental factors are considered to be related to the occurrence of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases, their roles are often controversial. It is speculated that different environmental factors and the complex interaction between host and bacterial factors hinder the interpretation of the research results.

four

Bacterial determinants of helicobacter pylori infection　 　

The overall influence of Helicobacter pylori factors in the development of diseases is complicated. Up to now, several specific proteins of Helicobacter pylori related diseases have been described. These protein are believed to be the reason for the persistence of Helicobacter pylori. As a side effect, these Helicobacter pylori proteins induce and change the inflammatory process and damage the gastric epithelium, thus determining the outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection.

　CagA　

Compared with patients infected with cagA-negative Helicobacter pylori isolates, the colonization of Helicobacter pylori isolates carrying cytotoxin related gene A(cagA) is similar to that of patients infected with CagA-negative Helicobacter pylori isolates.The risk of severe gastritis, peptic ulcer and distal gastric adenocarcinoma is increased.Related.

The presence or absence of cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori is often used as a marker for the presence or absence of PAI in Helicobacter pylori. Cag PAI consists of about 30 genes and accounts for 50%-70% of all Helicobacter pylori isolates. The recombination between two 31 bp repeats flanking cag PAI may lead to the deletion or acquisition of the whole cag region.　　

The 18 genes on cag PAI are very important to the development of CAG PaiIt is very important to produce type IV secretion system.. Type IV secretion system transports proteins (related to virulence) in bacterial cells to the cytosol of host cells. This usually leads toInitiation of cascade reaction of epithelial cell reactionFor example, changes in cytoskeleton and secretion of cytokine IL-8.

In Helicobacter pylori, the components of type IV secretion system transport CagA protein to gastric epithelial cells. Subsequently, CagA protein was phosphorylated. Then, this phosphorylated CagA interacts with the host phosphatase SHP-2, causing the rearrangement of cytoskeleton. This leads to morphological changes of host cells, also known as "hummingbird" phenotype. PhenotypicCharacterized by cell diffusionProlonged growth of epithelial cells and the existence of platelet lipoprotein and filamentous pseudopodia.　

As a counteracting event, phosphorylated CagA interacts with host Src kinase, thus weakening the signal transduction of host SHP-2 phosphatase. This process reduces the rearrangement of cytoskeleton andPrevents further phosphorylation of CagA..

Recently, it has been proved that Helicobacter pylori strains induce a high level of CagA phosphorylation in vivo. Epithelial cells induce more cytoskeleton changes, which are more likely to be related to gastric cancer.Difference of phosphorylation level of CagAIt is composed of tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPM) in 30 regions of cagA gene.Difference in quantityCaused.　

Helicobacter pylori population needs minimal immune recognition. Therefore, in the shrinking niche, theseThe subclones with reduced TPM number induced a weak host immune response..　

On the other hand, higher levels of CagA phosphorylation can cause stronginflammatory reaction. This kind of inflammation will lead to atrophy and may play a role in niche acid stress that limits high acid output.

Through observation, it was found that Helicobacter pylori strains lacking cagA gene were isolated from patients with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer, although their frequency was lower than that of cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains.

The association between cagA and Helicobacter pylori-related diseases is different in different geographical areas. This variation may be related to the difference of CagA expression.　　

However, CagA is not unique. Helicobacter pylori protein is responsible for barrier dysfunction, and this process is not lost with the clearance of CagA. VacA protein discussed in the next section is also important.

　VacA　

It is initially shown that eukaryotic cells undergo vacuolation and continuous degeneration in an in vitro test system with Helicobacter pylori. It turned out that this phenomenon was caused byHelicobacter pylori toxinInduced, now known as vacuolar cytotoxin A(VacA).　

VacA or CagA alone cannot be used as a determinant of clinical outcome.

　How does VacA function and lead to cell death?

Helicobacter pylori VacA is a highly immunogenic 95-kDa protein. VacA binds to the apical part of epithelial cells to form anion selective pores.

Through these holes,Bicarbonate, chloride and ureaReleased from the cytoplasm, VacA is then endocytosed into the late endosomal compartments and changes the permeability of these compartments.

In the presence of weak alkali (such as ammonia), this will lead to the influx of water, which will lead to vesicle swelling and vacuole formation. intra-cellularInjury of endocytosis pathwayEventually lead tocell death.

This leads to the decrease of epithelial cell resistance, so low molecular weight molecules such as Fe3+ and Ni2+ can easily pass through the epithelial cell layer.Fe3+ and Ni2+ molecules are the key factors of Helicobacter pylori growth and urease activity, respectively..　

Therefore, it is speculated that Helicobacter pylori can obtain these key factors more easily by degrading the epithelial cell barrier.

Helicobacter pylori VacA alsoRelated to the degradation of parietal cellsThis leads to a decrease in acid secretion, making it easier for the host.Suffer from stomach cancer. Difference of VacA expression level during persistent infectionLead to toxicity change. Therefore,The growth and decline of ulcer can be explained by the change of VacA expression with time..

The transcription of vacA gene was induced near gastric epithelial cells in vitro. This discovery confirms the importance of interaction between VacA and host cells. In addition, VacA canEscape adaptive immune response, thusEnhance the persistence of helicobacter pylori in gastric mucus layer.　

　Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein (HOPs)

Among gram-negative bacteria,The outer membrane mediates the interaction with its surroundings.. During infection, it is assumed that the protein existing on the outer membrane of Helicobacter pylori is changed, so that the recognition function of the host immune system is minimized.

Helicobacter pylori isolates contain about 30 different outer membrane proteins (Hops). Several of them are adhesins. In gram-negative bacteria, adhesin most often forms the structure of polymeric fimbriae. However, in Helicobacter pylori, theseAdhesion has adapted to the gastric environment., in whichAcidic conditionIt may make this polymer fimbriae structuredepolymerization.　

Fucoid glycosylatedglycoproteinAnd sialylatedglycolipidHave been proved to be helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelium.Binding site.

Adhesion to host cells can protectHelicobacter pylori is protected from peristalsis and mucosal shedding..　

In addition, it is speculated that adhesion can make Helicobacter pylori better obtain nutrients released from gastric epithelium, and it is moreEffectively deliver bacterial toxins to host cells..　

On the other hand, at the site of severe inflammation,Loss of adhesion characteristicsIt may make helicobacter pyloriEscape the killing of host immune cells.So far, some hops are related to the development of diseases.

Helicobacter pylori BabA (HopS) mediates the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human Leb blood group antigens, which exist in gastric epithelial cells. BabA adhesion promotes the colonization of Helicobacter pylori and increases the secretion of IL-8 by epithelial cells, resulting inIncreased mucosal inflammation.

Both mechanisms of BabA regulation are helpful to promote the dynamic response of chronic infection.

During chronic inflammation, all types of Leb binding can be obtained in all blood groups by choosing to increase or decrease the adhesion period.

The glycosylation pattern of host mucosa leads to the evolution of BabA, which adapts Helicobacter pylori strains to their individual hosts, whichHelps avoid host reactions.And cause helicobacter pylori infection worldwide.Abnormal long-term.

Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori plasticity region

The comparison of the genome sequences of two isolated strains showed that about 6%-7% of Helicobacter pylori genes in one strain did not exist in the other strain, and vice versa.

About half of the strain-specific genes exist in hypervariable regions; Plastic zone. Genes located in this plastic region usuallyAssociated with increased virulence.　

In helicobacter pylori, the plastic region doesencodeRelated to type IV secretion.Vir ATPase. In Helicobacter pylori, this secretion system is important in, for example, secreting CagA cytotoxin. So far, some helicobacter pylori located in the plastic zonegeneAnd helicobacter pyloriRelated diseasesRelated.

Helicobacter pylori Jhp0947 and Jhp0949 are related to duodenal ulcer disease. These two genes are located in the plastic region of Helicobacter pylori strain J99, which is mediated by Helicobacter pylori.IL-12 releaseIt’s very important.

Extracted from monocytes in an in vitro test system. Cytokine IL-12 is essential to bias the immune response to pro-inflammatory Th1 response, and it is closely related to the formation of duodenal ulcer.

byjhp0947andjhp0949The function of the coded protein is unknown. However, it has been assumed that these proteins induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 through interaction with monocytes.

The level of IL-12 increased.Will lead to the differentiation of naive T cells into activated Th1 cells, which will lead toIncreased inflammatory response and increased tissue damage..

HpJhp0950, which encodes a protein with unknown function, is also a part of J99 plasticity region. The existence of this gene is related to cagA, cagE, vacA s1m1, babA2, hopQ T1 and oipA.

Jhp0950 is adjacent to Jhp0949 in the genome of Helicobacter pylori J99. Unlike Jhp0949, Jhp0950 is not associated with an increased risk of duodenal ulcer. However, its association with disease supportsHelicobacter pylori gene located in plastic region may be related to toxicity.The point of view.

Other virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori

In the United States and the Netherlands, helicobacter pylori iceA1 gene (one of the two allelic variants of iceA gene) is infected by helicobacter pylori.peptic ulcerIn patients with helicobacter pylori infection.Gastritis patientIt is more common.　

Similar to many other virulence-related genes, the relationship between IceA expression and Helicobacter pylori-related diseases is as followsGroup dependenceYes.

In Southeast Asia, there is no correlation between iceA1 and Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. Interestingly, the Helicobacter pylori isolated from South Africa which was positive for iceA1 was infected by Helicobacter pylori.gastric cancerAmong patientsThan only inHelicobacter pylori infectedIt is more common in patients with gastritis.

Note: Helicobacter pylori iceA1 was originally identified after being exposed to gastric epithelial cells. The endonuclease encoded by iceA1 gene is very similar to restriction endonucleases NlaIIIR in Lactococcus, and the highly conserved activity of deoxyribonucleic acid adenine methyltransferase encoded by Helicobacter pylori seems to be related to the control of gene expression of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori Jhp1462 is associated with an increased risk of MAL T lymphoma, duodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. The function of protein encoded by Jhp1462 is unknown, and its importance in the development of severe gastroduodenal diseases remains to be clarified.

Above, we can see that Helicobacter pylori has brought various adverse effects to the human body in various ways. It seems that it should not survive in the human body for a long time. However, Helicobacter pylori has a long history in the human body.So how does Helicobacter pylori protect itself and survive in the human body?

five

Determinants of Helicobacter pylori colonization and persistence

Before the disease occurs, Helicobacter pylori willLong-term infection of human gastric mucosa. Therefore, the factors leading to the colonization and persistence of Helicobacter pylori and the pathogenesis related to Helicobacter pylori are as followsinner link. After entering the gastric cavity, Helicobacter pylori must cope with gastric acid.

Helicobacter pylori passes through itacid resistanceSurvive in this acidic condition: then pass through the mucus layer to reach its position close to the gastric epithelial cells. Chemotaxis, motility and adhesion are important processes of gastric epithelial cell colonization.

In order to persist in human gastric mucosa for a long time, Helicobacter pylori still needs nutrition from its host. This is achieved by degrading the integrity of the mucous layer and the underlying gastric epithelial cells. In addition, throughInhibition of host immune system, antigenic variation and antigenic mimicryThe elimination of helicobacter pylori is avoided.　

acid resistance

The lower pH value of helicobacter pylori growth is5.0-5.5Depending on the isolate being tested. In the gastric mucosa, the pH is also acidic, varying from 4 to 6.5. Moreover, when the mucus layer is destroyed, the pH value may drop occasionally.　

Survival of Helicobacter pylori after acid shock (pH<3)Depending on the urease activity of Helicobacter pylori proteinThe enzyme converts urea into ammonia and bicarbonate. This causes the periplasm or cytoplasm of Helicobacter pylori to be neutralized. Urease activity of helicobacter pylori is important for survival in vitro at acidic pH and in animal modelsColonization of gastric mucosaIt is very important, which proves the importance of urease in Helicobacter pylori infection.

At neutral pHThe combination of highly active urease and acid-regulated urea channelsIt explains why the viability of Helicobacter pylori in human stomach is unique. Effective inhibition of UreI protein will provide a method to eradicate Helicobacter pylori from normal, acid-secreting stomach.

Besides acid resistance, urease also has other basic functions related to gastric colonization.

Although urease is essential for the survival of acid shock, Helicobacter pylori urease is not enough to deal with chronic acidic environment near gastric epithelial cells. useacid inhibitorTreatment could not restore the colonization ability of urease negative mutant in the stomach of dwarf piglets.　

Urease participates in nitrogen metabolism of Helicobacter pylori.Ammonia and bicarbonate produced by urease activity are considered to affect many cellular processes in the host, including cell lysis.　

In addition to urease,Non-urease genes also contribute to acid resistance.And the survival and growth at acidic pH have nothing to do with urease. Among these non-urease genes, three regulatory proteins (Fur, NikR and HP0166) have been shown to contribute to the adaptability of Helicobacter pylori. This shows the importance of strictly adjusting the acid resistance mechanism.　

Karin et al.,　FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006　

NikR directly and indirectly regulates the expression of urease through Fur regulation system. CsrA regulates the expression of Fur and HspR regulatory systems. Through the interaction of different gene regulatory proteins, Helicobacter pylori can sense and respond to a variety of signals.

Chemotaxis and movement of cells

The gastric epithelial cell layer is covered with a thick layer of mucus. It is assumed that this layer is relatively impermeable even to small molecules. Helicobacter pyloriInitiative and chemotaxisIs effective in penetrating this mucus layer.key.

In the mouse infection model, almost any mutation of motor and chemotactic system genes eliminated the ability of Helicobacter pylori to infect gastric mucosa, and emphasized the importance of these factors to colonization.

motility

The motility of helicobacter pylori is through the existenceTwo to six polar sheathed flagellaAnd realized it. Flagella consists of three structural elements: matrix, hook and filament. Up to now, more than 50 species of protein are related to the structure or regulatory organization of flagella.

Flagella filament consists of two subunits FlaA and FlaB. FlaA and flaB mutants of Helicobacter pylori could not be colonized in the model of infected piglets, indicating that Helicobacter pyloriFlagella is necessary for colonization.The virulence of Helicobacter pylori is also increased.

The motB gene of Helicobacter pylori encodes the flagella motor rotation protein. Helicobacter pylori motB gene knockout mutant still contains flagella, but it can’t move. The ability of the mutant to colonize mice decreased, which confirmed thatExercise is necessary for complete infectivity..

The regulation of flagella gene transcription is different from many other bacteria. Contrary to many other gram-negative bacteria with flagella, Helicobacter pylori has no transcription regulator to regulate the transcription of flagella gene.　

It is speculated that the movement of Helicobacter pylori does not need strict regulation, because it is indispensable at any time. However, some transcriptional regulation can still be seen in Helicobacter pylori. For example, FlhA and FlhF in protein, the components of the matrix, need to appear before the transcription of flagella genes in the middle and late stages.

chemotaxis

In addition to mobility, chemotaxis is also essential for the colonization of Helicobacter pylori. Chemotaxis allows Helicobacter pylori to direct its movement to the gastric epithelial layer.

The chemotactic receptor sensor of Helicobacter pylori encoded by HP0099 recognizes bicarbonate and arginine as attractants. This sensor protein on the outer membrane of Helicobacter pylori is similar to that on the outer membrane of Helicobacter pyloriReaction regulator CheYCoupling.

CheY, a reaction regulator, regulates the expression of flagella motor protein and makes Helicobacter pylori swim to its niche.

A knock-out mutant of response regulator CheY failed to colonize in abiotic piglets, which emphasized thatThe Importance of Chemotaxis in Initial Colonization.

The knock-out mutant of CheY and its histidine kinase showed thatChemotactic response to mucin is weakened..

Immune evasion

In the long-term colonization process, the host has a strong immune response to a variety of Helicobacter pylori antigens. However, these antigens are usually not exposed on the surface.

On the other hand, the antigens exposed on the surface are usually highly diverse, which makes it more difficult for the host to eliminate Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori infection rarely produces enough immune response to remove bacteria. In fact, Helicobacter pylori canEffectively avoid innate and adaptive immune responses..

The innate immune response can’t recognize Helicobacter pylori substantially. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates innate immune response through TLR4. However, Helicobacter pylori LPS is far from being an effective inducer of gene expression mediated by TLR4.　

In Helicobacter pylori, the activation efficiency of immune response mediated by TLR5 is also low. Compared with Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium flagellin, Helicobacter pylori flagellin is not released, and it is not so strong in activating IL-8 secretion through TLR5.　

The failure of innate immune response to recognize Helicobacter pylori may lead to the failure of adaptive immune response to subsequently clear the infection.

The escape of adaptive immune system is mediated by at least two important mechanisms:Antigen simulationandimmunosuppression. Antigen simulation leads to the host immune system can not correctly identify Helicobacter pylori. For example, the Le blood group antigen on Helicobacter pylori LPS is also expressed on human epithelial cells. As a result, the immunogenicity of Helicobacter pylori LPS is poor, which supports the persistence of Helicobacter pylori. The ability of Helicobacter pylori strains lacking O antigen on their LPS to colonize mice was significantly reduced. Therefore,The typical structure of Helicobacter pylori LPS is very important in colonization..

In addition to avoiding immunity through antigen simulation,Immunosuppression also contributes to the chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori..

The immune response may be biased towards a more anti-inflammatory response or down-regulated (VacA). VacA of Helicobacter pylori can block the fusion of phagocyte and lysosome in macrophages, so that macrophages cannot kill Helicobacter pylori.　

In addition, VacA expression blocks T cell activation and therefore proliferation, activates T cell apoptosis, and inhibits antigen presentation in T cells.

The antigen processing of B lymphocytes may be prevented, possibly by limiting the maturation of endosomes to MHC class II compartments where antigen loading occurs. Therefore,VacAT cell and B cell responses to Helicobacter pylori are limited..

The existence of Helicobacter pylori can prevent some diseases?

Through the above methods, Helicobacter pylori can survive in the human body. To some extent, Helicobacter pylori is not always harmful to human hosts.

Studies have shown that the existence of Helicobacter pylori may inhibit the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and prevent asthma, Crohn’s disease, esophageal reflux, diarrhea and esophageal cancer. The decline in the incidence of Helicobacter pylori is related to the increase in the incidence of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis and abdominal diseases in children.

Therefore, to some extent, Helicobacter pylori has its existence value. This has caused a discussion about whether it is necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

06

Is it necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori?

It needs to be clear that Helicobacter pylori infection will not immediately cause fatal harm and serious consequences to human body, and the diseases caused by chronic gastritis, digestive tract ulcer and gastric cancer are the result of long-term existence and chronic interaction with other factors.

The fifth national consensus report on the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection has the following statements:

The benefits of eradicating Helicobacter pylori vary among different individuals.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori promotes the healing of peptic ulcer and reduces the incidence of ulcer complications. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori can alleviate about 80% of early gastric MALT lymphoma. Compared with the patients infected with Helicobacter pylori without symptoms and complications, the benefits of eradicating Helicobacter pylori in these patients are obviously greater. Individuals with high risk of gastric cancer include family history of gastric cancer, early gastric cancer after endoscopic resection, gastric mucosal atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia. The benefit of eradicating Helicobacter pylori in preventing gastric cancer is higher than that of low-risk individuals.

Helicobacter pylori-related dyspepsia must be ruled out before a reliable diagnosis of functional dyspepsia can be made.

Helicobacter pylori gastritis patients with dyspeptic symptoms, eradication of Helicobacter pylori can make some patients’ symptoms get long-term relief, which is the preferred choice.

Helicobacter pylori infection is the main cause of peptic ulcer. No matter whether the ulcer is active or not and whether there is a history of complications, Helicobacter pylori should be detected and eradicated.

…

Generally speaking, for individuals who have no competitive factors (old age, co-existing diseases, community reinfection rate, health and economic factors, etc.), eradication of Helicobacter pylori treatment.The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Children:

Routine detection of Helicobacter pylori in children under 14 years old is not recommended. It is recommended to detect and treat Helicobacter pylori in children with peptic ulcer, and it is recommended to detect and treat Helicobacter pylori in children undergoing endoscopic examination due to indigestion.

Compared with adults, children’s eradication treatment has many unfavorable factors, including small choice of antibiotics and low tolerance to adverse drug reactions. In addition, children with Helicobacter pylori infection have a certain spontaneous clearance rate, and the reinfection rate after eradication may be higher than that of adults.

Older people:

The risk of adverse drug reactions in the treatment of helicobacter pylori eradication in the elderly is increasing, so the treatment of helicobacter pylori eradication in the elderly should be evaluated comprehensively and treated individually.

Questionnaire survey shows that most clinicians tend to be conservative about the treatment of eradicating Helicobacter pylori in the elderly. Generally speaking, the tolerance and compliance of the elderly (over 70 years old) to the therapeutic drugs for eradicating Helicobacter pylori are reduced, and the risk of adverse antibiotic reactions is increased; On the other hand, the potential benefit of eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-atrophic gastritis or mild atrophic gastritis to prevent gastric cancer decreased.

It is very important to treat the consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection reasonably, and whether it is necessary to intervene Helicobacter pylori infection in natural population needs to weigh the advantages and disadvantages comprehensively. For patients with eradication indications, standardized treatment is needed to improve the first eradication rate and reduce the occurrence of drug resistance.

07

Conclusion　

In the process of chronic infection, many strains are colonized in one host at the same time, and the genetic variation of Helicobacter pylori isolates makes it difficult to predict the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori from a single factor. The co-evolution of Helicobacter pylori and its host enables it to settle for life.　　

With the improvement of modern health environment and the extensive use of antibiotics, the growth and spread of Helicobacter pylori is becoming more and more difficult, and the infection rate among the younger generation is low, and the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori will further decline in the next few decades.

A better understanding of the dialogue between Helicobacter pylori and other gastrointestinal microflora may provide a new direction for preventing or treating its infection.If helicobacter pylori infection is found in the health test report of intestinal flora, it should be paid attention to.When treatment is needed, new treatment strategies and drugs should be evaluated, or alternative strategies should be formulated to control the virulence of bacteria, so as to avoid ulcers and gastric cancer without eliminating its positive effects.

Appendix: Discovery History of Helicobacter Pylori

In the early 1980s, Helicobacter pylori was first discovered as the cause of stomach diseases. This discovery helps researchers to associate Helicobacter pylori infection with gastritis, ulcer and gastric cancer.

In 1982, two Australian researchers, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, described the role of Helicobacter pylori infection.

However, Warren and Marshall’s theory about the function of Helicobacter pylori was not immediately accepted by the medical community. At that time, most scientists didn’t believe that bacteria could live in human stomach.

Marshall could not further test his work in laboratory mice, nor was he allowed to conduct experiments on people. Marshall, a brave scientific researcher, thought of a way.

He decided to eat Helicobacter pylori himself. He extracted the bacterium from the patient’s intestine, put it in the broth and drank it.

A few days later, Marshall developed intestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, bad breath and fatigue. He had a gastric biopsy and was able to culture Helicobacter pylori, which proved that bacteria caused his symptoms.

The medical community finally accepted the idea that Helicobacter pylori causes ulcers and other intestinal problems, but the obstacles to acceptance were long.

In 1994, the consensus development meeting of the National Institutes of Health officially recognized the close relationship between Helicobacter pylori and ulcers. The group suggested antibiotic treatment for patients with ulcers.

In 1996, FDA approved the first antibiotic therapy for ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori.

A year later, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a national campaign in cooperation with other government agencies and academic institutions to provide doctors and patients with information about the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and ulcers.

In 2005, Marshall and Warren won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ulcer is no longer regarded as an incurable chronic disease, but a disease that can be treated by short-term antibiotics and acid secretion inhibitors.

[References]

Burucoa　C,　Axon　A.　Epidemiology　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection.　Helicobacter.　2017　Sep; 22　Suppl　1.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12403.　PMID:　28891138.

Camilo　V,　Sugiyama　T,　Touati　E.　Pathogenesis　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection.　Helicobacter.　2017　Sep; 22　Suppl　1.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12405.　PMID:　28891130.

Eusebi　LH,　Zagari　RM,　Bazzoli　F.　Epidemiology　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection.　Helicobacter.　2014　Sep; 19　Suppl　1:1-5.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12165.　PMID:　25167938.

Mentis　A,　Lehours　P,　Mégraud　F.　Epidemiology　and　Diagnosis　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection.　Helicobacter.　2015　Sep; 20　Suppl　1:1-7.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12250.　PMID:　26372818.

Thorell　K,　Lehours　P,　Vale　FF.　Genomics　of　Helicobacter　pylori.　Helicobacter.　2017　Sep; 22　Suppl　1.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12409.　PMID:　28891132.

Julie　Marks.Robert　Jasmer,　MD　What　Is　H.　Pylori? 　Symptoms,　Causes,　Diagnosis,　Treatment,　and　Prevention.　2020.9　　

History　of　H.　Pylori:　What　We　Do　and　Don’t　Know　Before　the　discovery　of　the　bacterium,　doctors　thought　stomach　ulcers　were　due　to　stress　and　spicy　foods.

Burucoa　C,　Axon　A.　Epidemiology　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection.　Helicobacter.　2017　Sep; 22　Suppl　1.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12403.　PMID:　28891138.

Kamboj　AK,　Cotter　TG,　Oxentenko　AS.　Helicobacter　pylori:　The　Past,　Present,　and　Future　in　Management.　Mayo　Clin　Proc.　2017　Apr; 92(4):599-604.　doi:　10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.017.　

Eusebi　LH,　Zagari　RM,　Bazzoli　F.　Epidemiology　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection.　Helicobacter.　2014　Sep; 19　Suppl　1:1-5.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12165.　PMID:　25167938.

Yang　JC,　Lu　CW,　Lin　CJ.　Treatment　of　Helicobacter　pylori　infection:　current　status　and　future　concepts.　World　J　Gastroenterol.　2014　May　14; 20(18):5283-93.　doi:　10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5283.　

Sun　Y,　Zhang　J.　Helicobacter　pylori　recrudescence　and　its　influencing　factors.　J　Cell　Mol　Med.　2019　Dec; 23(12):7919-7925.　doi:　10.1111/jcmm.14682.　Epub　2019　Sep　19.　

Tao Zhi-Hang,Han Ji-Xuan,Fang Jing-Yuan,Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: Exploring their impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiota.[J] .Helicobacter, 2020, 25: e12754.

Algood　HM,　Cover　TL.　Helicobacter　pylori　persistence:　an　overview　of　interactions　between　H.　pylori　and　host　immune　defenses.　Clin　Microbiol　Rev.　2006　Oct; 19(4):597-613.　doi:　10.1128/CMR.00006-06.　

Kori　M,　Daugule　I,　Urbonas　V.　Helicobacter　pylori　and　some　aspects　of　gut　microbiota　in　children.　Helicobacter.　2018　Sep; 23　Suppl　1:e12524.　doi:　10.1111/hel.12524.　PMID:　30203591.　

van Amsterdam K, van Vliet AH, Kusters JG, van der Ende A. Of microbe and man: determinants of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Jan; 30(1):131-56.　

Waskito　LA,　Yamaoka　Y.　The　Story　of　Helicobacter　pylori:　Depicting　Human　Migrations　from　the　Phylogeography.　Adv　Exp　Med　Biol.　2019; 1149:1-16.　doi:　10.1007/5584_2019_356.　PMID:　31016625.　

Pereira-Marques　J,　Ferreira　RM,　Pinto-Ribeiro　I,　Figueiredo　C.　Helicobacter　pylori　Infection,　the　Gastric　Microbiome　and　Gastric　Cancer.　Adv　Exp　Med　Biol.　2019; 1149:195-210.　

RU Nan, DU Yi-qi, LI Zhao-shen. Evolution of Helicobacter pylori eradication indications [J]. chinese journal of practical internal medicine, 2019, 39(006):515-519.

Helicobacter Pylori and Peptic Ulcer Group of Gastroenterology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, National Helicobacter Pylori Research Collaboration Group, Liu Wenzhong, et al. The Fifth National Consensus Report on Management of Helicobacter Pylori Infection [J]. Gastroenterology, 2017(6).

Special feature of 1905 film network "I believe that although my father has left, he is still blessing us. I will continue to make his films and let more people see them."

"It was finally released, and it was a happy ending for him. I also miss him very much. "

"I am very lucky to cooperate with him. This experience has enriched my life. The best photography award I won is dedicated to him. "

The director died suddenly due to illness in 2023, and the eighth Tibetan film Snow Leopard, which he produced before his death, officially entered the cinema on April 3.

Although the director is gone, he left this excellent work, leaving everyone with a good memory of him and the film. In 1905, the film network interviewed Matthias Delfu, the executive director, leading actor and photography director, and tried to trace back and piece together Pema Tseden’s creative wish for Snow Leopard from their perspectives.

In the hinterland of the snowy plateau, the film tells the story of a snow leopard killing nine sheep kept by herders. The "Snow Leopard Lama", who likes shooting snow leopards, led a group of TV reporters to cover and report, and then focused on the conflict and reconciliation between human beings and snow leopards, the blending and collision of modernity and tradition, and the philosophical thinking of humanity and spirituality.

Since its debut, the film has won awards all over the world, winning the best film in the main competition unit of Tokyo International Film Festival, the best director in the Golden Coconut Award of Hainan Island International Film Festival, the best screenwriter and the best photography in the Asian Film Awards.

Jiu Mei Li remembers that after the premiere of Venice International Film Festival, the crew was walking in the street, and some old people congratulated them on making such a good work. "When I heard this sentence, I was very moved and pleased. I knew that this film came to their hearts, not as a courtesy and compliment."

During the period from Pema Tseden’s death to the release of Snow Leopard, although the director can’t see the achievements of the film, at every important node of the film experience, Kumei said that he would say a word to his father in his heart: "Don’t worry, we have all done it."

Jiu mei cheng Li

Every shot was shot at least 8 times, miraculously waiting for a snow.

"More than a month before shooting, my father suddenly told me, why don’t you be the executive director this time. I asked him, can I? He said of course, no problem. "

Before he became the executive director of Snow Leopard, Kumi had already made his first feature film. The executive director is different from the director, and he has to be responsible for many complicated matters in the crew, so that Kumei has gained different experiences from being a director and observed his father’s state when he was filming:

"I feel his meticulous degree more closely, because he will ask for many scenes over and over again, and each shot will be shot at least eight times, so when the executive director carries out his orders with the actors over and over again, he will feel a little tired, but at the same time the effect will get better over and over again."

Through this film, Pema Tseden first tried CG technology with high industrial level to construct the visual image of Snow Leopard.

Zhan Hansu, the director of special effects, communicated with the director before shooting, hoping to shoot less long shots and close-ups of snow leopards, but when he received the shooting material, all the pictures he wanted to avoid were not avoided, which greatly increased the difficulty of making special effects.

The post-production of Snow Leopard therefore took nearly a year and a half, and the last long shot is also the longest shot in animal special effects in China. Pema Tseden consulted lamas who studied snow leopards, and constantly adjusted the details of snow leopards’ demeanor, voice, hair and dynamics. Jiumei recalled in a row that when my father communicated with the voice guide, he said that he hoped that Snow Leopard would reach a more anthropomorphic state.

The film uses a lot of long lens scheduling, which increases the difficulty of shooting. For example, the chimney of the herdsmen’s house has to smoke all the time. If the smoke is gone, it will have to stop shooting and shoot again.

The last scene is the longest shot in the whole film, more than 10 minutes, and it is also the most difficult scene scheduling. The script says: when everyone’s emotions are about to erupt, the snow falls.

Kumei said that everyone had been rehearsing and rehearsing before waiting for the snow. Unexpectedly, a miraculous moment came: "Until it was getting dark, the snow still didn’t fall, so my father said that he couldn’t wait. Shoot it, shoot it two or three times, and everyone was very tired, especially Kimba. My father said that he would do it again in the end, in a best state. The emotions and performances in that scene made everyone present very moved, especially when Kimba was thrown to the ground, many people cried, that is, at that time, there was just snow falling from the sky. "

The father that Jiu Mei saw on the set was a director who didn’t express much and kept all his thoughts in his heart, but what he said was clear instructions and key requirements. "After filming the scene, he came out of the house with a smile on his face, gave everyone a thumbs up, and then everyone applauded together."

From pre-preparation to post-production, Jiumei has witnessed his father’s creative efforts for Snow Leopard for more than three years, which made him deeply realize his father’s high pursuit of film details and texture.

Kimba

I remained alone on the set, and no one "approached" me.

"He lives in my heart. This time Snow Leopard finally came out. I really miss him. Every time we meet, I get along with him with a particularly sincere attitude, including these works we shoot, and we try our best to shoot and perform. "

From The Stranger, actors Kimba and Pema Tseden collaborated on five feature films, and Snow Leopard is their fourth film together.

Kimba and Pema Tseden already have a tacit understanding. The director never tells him what role to play in advance. "There is a role here. Come here. Is the time ok?" I said yes and went. "

Pema Tseden is a gentle director who doesn’t like to talk much to actors. With more cooperation, Kimba gradually knows his ideas and acts in the direction he wants.

Kimba is also introverted and doesn’t like to talk much. This time in Snow Leopard, he plays a role that is in great contrast with himself &mdash; &mdash; A Tibetan herder with a hot temper insisted on killing the snow leopard and asked for an explanation. This character has a lot of lines, and there are many scenes that are angry and roaring in front of the camera.

"When I started practicing, these lines sounded like rap, and they were particularly laborious, but they were practiced like this." In the script lines, Kimba took the initiative to add some more life-like proverbs in Tibetan, which was recognized by Pema Tseden. "He is like this, and he didn’t say anything, but he applauded after filming, which shows that I did the right thing."

Whether in "Snow Leopard" or other crews, Kimba revealed that he has always maintained a relatively lonely state, "no one is close to me." When he is not filming, he stands at the scene and sees where the lighting, art and other parts need help in time.

Some actors will find him difficult to get along with at the scene. "Tell me that he is particularly afraid of me. I was very fierce to Lama in the movie, and he also said that he was particularly afraid of me." It is precisely his state on the set that conforms to the character setting in the film.

Click to watch: Interview | Snow Leopard Kimba: Besides being an actor, I also work with art lighting.

Looking back on 2014, Kimba just came to Beijing to study performance and added it to Pema Tseden WeChat on the recommendation of a friend. At first, he was worried that the director would not pass. "At that time, he accepted me at once and asked me how I was."

Kimba is a loyal reader of Pema Tseden’s novels. They gradually become friends and exchange their favorite literary works. Kimba also likes to write poems. Pema Tseden often encourages him. "It is this encouragement that makes me feel particularly good about myself, so I have been writing until now, but I know it is not good."

In Kimba’s mind, "Pema Tseden is a particularly important person, my noble person and my Bole".

Click to watch: Interview | Kimba misses director Pema Tseden: He is Bole and a friend.

Matthias Delfu

The real world is like a theater stage, and the surreal world is like pictures.

The combination of dynamic and static image style and the beautiful scenery of snowy plateau in Snow Leopard stand out clearly, and photography director Matthias Delfu won the best photography award in the 17th Asian Film Awards for this film.

After eight years in China from Belgium, Matthias has worked with director China. He and Pema Tseden met at the Shanghai International Film Festival, and they appreciated each other. A month later, they collaborated on Snow Leopard.

Under the leadership of Pema Tseden, Matthias went to Golog, Qinghai for the first time, with an average elevation of more than 4,200 meters, to explore the scenery, eat yak meat, and learn more about the local living environment and culture. Pema Tseden in his mind is also a man of few words. "You don’t need to talk too much, and you have a very calm feeling with him. He is also very humorous, likes joking and is a very kind person. "

In the story of Snow Leopard, there is a real world and a surreal world, and they have been discussing how to make differences in images in the early stage of the project.

"The scheduling from one actor to another and to another actor is just like dancing. Grassland seems to have become the stage of the theater, and everyone’s attention should be very accurate. "In real time and space, they hope to take more hand-held and Steadicam lenses, and try to shoot with long lenses. A scene will let the audience enter a scene, feel the communication between people at close range, and keep the light and color matching realistic.

The surreal world pictures with mysterious and ancient temperament are mainly shot with fixed positions. Matthias revealed that the inspiration for photography comes from some paintings about the myth of snow leopards that Pema Tseden showed him. "Every shot is like a painting. Try not to move as much as possible, and the atmosphere of nature should be heavier and stronger."

The surreal part also uses special black and white tones. Matthias explained that he likes the German expressionist film genre in the 1920s, adding a little blue, brown and coarse graininess to the black and white, which will make the whole picture more textured.

Now speaking of the days when filming Snow Leopard on the plateau, Matthias will think that he rushed into the sheepfold to shoot the snow leopard’s subjective perspective lens to capture the interesting things of rapid hypoxia, and think of the pleasant time to have tea with Pema Tseden after filming every day, full of memories:

"I am lucky to know him and create with him. In a very special environment, there are few people and many wild animals. Sometimes wolves will go down the mountain to chase our sheep, and the sky at night is full of stars. I will ask him for tea after filming one day. We just need to say a few words …"

Pema Tseden’s story is only half told.

They will insist on filming.

Pema Tseden had many works that had been put on record and scripts that were being planned before his death. Kumei listed stories that his father had not yet filmed, and he would definitely meet the audience one day. But he is not ready to shoot the projects left by his father, so he needs more accumulation. Let’s shoot the stories he wants to tell first, and when the time is right, he will definitely shoot his father’s works again.

What Pema Tseden wanted to say was in Snow Leopard before waiting for the last masterpiece, The Stranger.

In Jiumei’s view, my father has always wanted to convey the strong link between the real Tibetan map and the great changes in the current era. "But what is different and breakthrough from before is the spiritual induction between the little Lama and the snow leopard, the communication between all things or the love and compassion between all things. This power takes us back to the reality level together, and maybe we will find a direction to solve the current problem ourselves."

Being the executive director of Snow Leopard was a "magical" experience for Kumeji. What impressed him most was that the whole crew set up a wild field on the grassland, surrounded by a dozen tents, and everyone woke up every day, washed their faces, brushed their teeth, and took a lunch break together, and lived there.

"It was a shooting state that had been feeling each other with nature." Kumei remembered this feeling deeply, and he wanted to catch it when he made a movie.

After the cooperation, Matthias Delfu found that Pema Tseden’s shooting team was very United, and everyone could do anything and help whenever they needed help. "I found that everyone in his crew seemed to have written a script, made a short film or had the desire to make a movie. This is director Pema Tseden’s desire to stay and create. ".

Kimba has been the core face of the new wave of Tibetan movies in China on the screen. After it was said, Kimba was the favorite actor. He is very humble about this. "To put it bluntly, I am not very good myself. They made me."

The wave of Tibetan films created by Pema Tseden is still endless, and the new generation of Tibetan filmmakers he has trained and supported will continue to inherit his precious spirit. Kimba said that they have the responsibility and obligation to let more people know about Tibetan culture and the stories on this land. "We will stick to it and keep filming."

Original title: 10 years of continuous excitement &mdash; &mdash; "Bear haunt" continues to write happy legends at home and abroad

On January 31st, Boonie Bears: Time Twist, the 10th film in the series "Bears Come and Go", premiered in Beijing and will be released on the first day of the Year of the Loong’s New Year’s Day (February 10th). Since Xiong Bing, the first film in this series in 2014, except that the Spring Festival movie was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 epidemic, a film in the "Bear-infested" series meets the audience at the Spring Festival every year, and parents and children go to the cinema to watch the stories of Xiong Da, Xiong Er, Logger Vick and their new friends, which has also become one of the cultural phenomena of the Spring Festival in China.

Since the official release of Boonie Bears: Time Twist on December 27th, 2023, the cumulative number of people who want to see it on major ticketing platforms has exceeded 900,000, which shows the audience’s expectation and recognition of the series. After 10 years’ development, the series of "Bears Appear" has become the leader of domestic animated films.

Team creation is quality assurance.

"Bears haunt" series releases a movie almost every year, and its creativity and production ability are amazing. This series of films can continue to accompany the audience for 10 years, which is the result of the team creation mode adopted by Huaqiang Fangte Culture and Technology Group and the division of labor by different teams.

In order to ensure the quality of the series of films, Huaqiang Fangte has established a systematic quality review mechanism, from early ideas, outlines, scripts to Taiwanese versions, and has set up a "green light meeting" review mechanism. At the same time, the series of films adopts the project system, and there are two or three fixed teams working in parallel. From creative planning to film production, each film often takes two or three years. Every team will continue to participate in the film projects of this series regardless of creation, production or operation, which has laid a solid foundation for the "Ten-year Covenant". For example, Huida Lin, the director of Boonie Bears: Time Twist, has previously directed bears’ haunting and metamorphosis, bears’ haunting and primitive times and bears’ haunting and returning to the earth.

According to Shang Linlin, producer and producer of "Boonie Bears: Time Twist", they have been thinking about the issue of "what to give back to the audience" since the beginning of their creation, as a blockbuster of "Bears Appear" series. In the past 10 years, each film in this series has created an impressive character, and many scenes are still fresh in the audience’s memory. "The audience grew up with’ Bears’ and should complete the’ Ten-Year Covenant’ together." Based on this, not only the three animated images of Xiong Da, Xiong Er and Logger Vick, which run through the whole series, appear in Boonie Bears: Time Twist, but also more than 240 characters such as Dudu, Feifei, Tuanzi, Abu, Xiaotie, Xiaoluo, Mama Bear, and the villain Donghai in the previous series. Details such as "cutting down trees to save lives" and "crossing just visiting" also continued the previous creativity of Boonie Bears:The Wild Life, such as Return of Bear’s Heart, Bear’s Presence and Primitive Times. The return of these characters and the collection of plots make the audience look back on the time when "bears haunt" and have a different fantasy color.

Boonie Bears: Time Twist also adopted the concept of "parallel time and space", introduced modern time and space concepts such as "time devouring", and constructed three parallel time and space: the modern workplace of the new timeline, the bear hill of the old timeline, and the time-fragmented time and space compatible with the two timelines. The expression and transformation of multi-time and space make its narrative more hierarchical, highlighting the narrative wisdom of the main creation. In terms of content, the film continues the comedy atmosphere and wonderful fighting design of "Bears haunt", which makes children and big friends burst into laughter and gives the film more ornamental value.

Upholding innovation in spreading positive energy

In the past 10 years, the series of films "Bears Come and Go" has focused on the common themes of environmental protection, affection and love, and has been continuously expanded, sublimated and deepened, gradually stepping out of the young, becoming more mature and diversified, and being accepted by audiences of different ages.

"Bear haunt" first appeared in the form of TV cartoons, and its core audience was parent-child groups. Therefore, the first film "Xiong Bing, the Treasure of Bear haunt" was mainly aimed at children and parent-child groups. With the growth of the audience and the concern of more and more young people and adults about "bears", the creative team began to consciously add more themes and elements suitable for the grown-up audience and even adults, and gradually extended to all ages. For example, Boonie Bears:The Wild Life talks about the meaning of happiness, Bears Come Back to Earth promotes the concept of environmental protection on the earth, and Bears Come with Me "Bear Core" takes artificial intelligence as the core of its content. These themes, which are suitable for all ages, are not only constantly breaking through innovation, but also very grounded, and are welcomed by children and adults.

While constantly expanding the world outlook, innovating the story experience and exploring the possibility of the future, "Bear Haunted" consistently maintains the basic characteristics of the brand: insisting on the audience positioning of family fun and the initial intention of "giving positive energy works that touch people’s hearts to everyone".

Boonie Bears: Time Twist tries to explore a profound topic about life: Do you have to live in a defined success? How to make the choice you really want? At the beginning of the film, Logger Vick is set as a member of the modern workplace, going in and out of the office buildings in the metropolis, which has never happened before in this series of films. However, success in the workplace is not Logger Vick’s sincere aspiration. In the film, he keeps dreaming back to the forest where he once lived, worrying about his real friends Xiong Da and Xiong Er. In the time reversal journey to rescue Xiong Da and Xiong Er, Logger Vick led the crowd to defeat the "time devourer" and finally made his own satisfactory life choice. The film also inspires the audience to think about the goal and value of life, and expresses the connotation of more speculative value.

Fantasy creation of visual special effects

Fantasy time and space is one of the core elements of animated films. Creating fantasy time and space is not only the main aesthetic task that creators should complete, but also the key to obtaining artistry and appreciation of films. The series of films "Bears haunt" have made great achievements in this respect. For example, "Bears Coming Back to the Earth" built a strange prehistoric civilization in Laerte with great imagination, and presented scenes such as spaceships and Antarctic regions through more than 2,000 shots; "Bears Come and Go with Me" Bear Core "appeals for realistic companionship with sci-fi imagination, in order to help the robot R&D center &mdash; &mdash; The panoramic depiction of Zhenxing Island and the presentation of universal robots highlight the creative idea of creating audio-visual impact with animation imagination.

The theme of "reality+fantasy" and the multi-time narrative structure of Boonie Bears: Time Twist provide a large space for the creation of fantasy time and space. This film is also the largest and most difficult special effects production in the series. There are more than 1300 special effects shots in the whole film, and three parallel time and space need a lot of fantasy creation. The plots such as particle shuttle and Armageddon highlight the efforts of the creative team. For example, countless little bears rushed to the screen with more than 30 layers of lens special effects. In order to make each little bear present different expressions and dynamics, the team adopted the newly developed cluster system (a joint system composed of multiple computers for collaborative processing of large-scale computing tasks); In order to make the smoke composed of the final blasting particles have a better shape and level, the team used nearly 200 million special effects particles (a computer graphics technology used to simulate the effects of water, fire, fog and gas in reality), and the loading time of a single particle cache took 2 hours.

Bright exploration of overseas distribution

The series of films "Bears haunt" have been shown in more than 50 countries and regions around the world. In Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxemburg and Liechtenstein, The Bears in Primitive Times covered nearly 500 screens, becoming the first China animated film to be widely released in German-speaking Europe. The audience praised the film as "capable of enhancing family parent-child relationship and suitable for the whole family to watch"; In Russia, "Bear with Me" ranked first at the box office on the first day of its release, and the audience commented that "the story is full of kindness and love, which was created by China and well done"; In Turkey, the "Bear Haunted" series of films has attracted more than 600,000 people to watch movies, breaking the local box office record of China animated films; In Africa and the Middle East, a number of series films have been registered on the pay TV and streaming media platforms M-Net and Showmax, and hit &hellip; &hellip;

With the common comedy types and family theme in the world, popular and brisk animation forms, the continuous output of animated series, and the continuous strengthening of series of film brands, the film and television works of "Bear Haunted" gradually broke through the barriers of art and national boundaries, and made new breakthroughs in overseas distribution, and their influence expanded rapidly. At present, the animated series "Bears Appear" has been distributed to more than 130 countries and regions around the world, with a cumulative export of over 200,000 minutes.

With the continuous expansion of the theme and innovation in narrative and fantasy space-time, coupled with the gradual maturity and precise marketing of China’s animation production industry, the films are increasingly favored by adults and children, especially the young audience, thus gaining strong artistic vitality. The continuous innovation and exploration of the series of films have played an important leading role in the aesthetic development of China animation art, especially domestic animation films, and accumulated rich experience for the creation of China animation films. Its deep cultivation and expansion of overseas markets not only won high recognition from overseas audiences for China’s outstanding original animation works, but also provided a reference path for domestic animation and domestic films to go to sea. (Author: Zhao Weifang, director of Film and Television Research Institute of China Academy of Art and vice president of China Film Critics Association)

People’s Daily Overseas Edition (07th Edition, February 2, 2024)