Zhongxin Jingwei Client May 4 (Dong Xiangyi) Buffett has always been regarded as a banner of the investment community. Nowadays, the "stock god" who has entered his octogenarian years still maintains his vitality and elegant demeanor, and he can talk about Kan Kan every time he appears. Soon, we will see Buffett again.

　　On the evening of May 4th, Beijing time, the annual Berkshire Hathaway Shareholders’ Meeting will be held in Omaha, a small town in the central United States. It is estimated that 50,000 people will travel to Omaha from all over the world to see the beauty of the stock market. At that time, 88-year-old CEO Warren Buffett and 95-year-old Vice Chairman Charles Munger will appear at the shareholders’ meeting to share their views on the market, the company and the current economic situation, and answer questions from analysts, investors and the media.

　　It is generally believed in the market that the outside world is concerned about Buffett’s views on the world economy and China’s economy in addition to the value investment concept conveyed by Buffett at the shareholders’ meeting and some major investments to be made in the future.

　　In fact, Buffett’s judgment on the US economy and the Fed’s policies in the past few years has basically been verified by the market. This year, when the Fed stops raising interest rates and reduces the contraction, can the US economy maintain its current growth rate? Can the US stock market still strengthen? In addition, what is Buffett’s next investment consideration with hundreds of billions of dollars in cash? Will you buy shares in China A-share market? Is there a suitable candidate for "successor"? A series of problems remain to be solved.

　　As of press time, the shareholders’ meeting is only less than 5 hours away. We might as well boldly predict six possible highlights of Buffett’s shareholders’ meeting:

　　one

　　Holding hundreds of billions of dollars in cash, where to invest?

　　According to the shareholders’ letter issued in February 2019, by the end of 2018, Berkshire held US$ 112 billion in US Treasury bonds and other cash equivalents, exceeding US$ 103.6 billion at the end of the third quarter of last year, and also held more than US$ 100 billion in cash for the sixth consecutive quarter.

　　What shareholders want to know is whether Buffett sees any investment opportunities or is ready to buy back more of his own shares.

　　Buffett calls large-scale acquisitions "hunting elephants", and he will consider which company to buy next and may be asked. However, for more than three years, Berkshire has never made a super-large-scale acquisition. Buffett’s last big deal was to acquire aerospace manufacturer Precision Castparts Corp for $32 billion, which was completed in January 2016.

　　This year, Berkshire’s Letter to Shareholders revealed that the current prospects are not optimistic: for those enterprises with good long-term prospects, the price is too high, but Buffett admits that he is still eager to "get ‘ Elephant ’ Level acquisition. "

　　Earlier analysis by Credit Suisse showed that Buffett’s next "elephant-scale" acquisition target may be Target, CarMax or Moody’s. These companies meet Buffett’s usual priorities when deciding when to make a full acquisition, including high return on equity, fair price, low debt and strong management.

　　2

　　Amazon stock

　　As the most concerned company in the investment field, Berkshire’s every move will arouse the interest of the capital market.

　　Recently, foreign media reported that Berkshire has been buying Amazon’s stock. Although this investment was not made by billionaire Buffett himself, he had previously said to CNBC: "I have never bought Amazon’s stock, which is an idiot."

　　According to reports, so far, it is still unknown how many Amazon shares Berkshire Hathaway has purchased and how much equity it accounts for. But in the end of the quarter report, this information will be made public.

　　three

　　Succession candidate

　　In a few months, Buffett will be 89 years old, and his partner Munger will be 95 years old. The issue of successors will be put on the agenda again. Therefore, shareholders want to hear more about this matter.

　　Two of Buffett’s investment managers, Ted Viszler and ToDD Combs, have created much better investment performance than the market index in the past, and Buffett also praised them in a letter to shareholders in 2013, and their performance bonuses both exceeded $50 million.

　　According to foreign media, Berkshire’s operation of buying Amazon shares was done by the above two investment managers.

　　four

　　Rare buyback

　　Last year, Berkshire relaxed its share repurchase policy, allowing the company to buy back $1.3 billion of shares. In the third quarter of last year, Berkshire repurchased $928 million of its own company shares, and invested more than the sum of more than four years. For Buffett, who has fewer buybacks, it can be said that it has created a precedent for large buybacks.

　　In July last year, Berkshire announced that it had lifted the restrictions on its repurchase of its own shares and relaxed the restrictions on the repurchase policy. According to this new policy, when Buffett and Munger both think that the repurchase price is "lower than the intrinsic value of Berkshire Hathaway", they can approve the repurchase of shares.

　　Some analysts believe that although Buffett tends to spend money on block trades or other companies’ stocks, this move undoubtedly opens the door for more repurchases. In fact, Buffett has also said that Berkshire may eventually become an important repurchaser of its own shares. Whether Berkshire will have more buybacks in the future is also a major concern.

　　five

　　"Planted" on Kraft Heinz

　　The stock god who has always been invincible also has the time to "stumble".

　　In February this year, Berkshire’s 2018 annual report showed that the company’s profit was 4 billion US dollars, and the book value per share increased by 0.4%. Compared with the same period last year, the growth rate dropped sharply. From a quarterly perspective, the decibel losses in the first and fourth quarters were $1.1 billion and $25.4 billion. Regarding the rare loss in the fourth quarter, Buffett said in his letter to shareholders that "the impairment of intangible assets has caused a non-cash loss of $3 billion, almost all of which comes from the equity of Kraft Heinz held by us".

　　Buffett’s investment in Kraft Heinz proved to be a big failure, which shocked the outside world. Buffett previously admitted in an interview with The Wall Street Journal that he paid too high a price when he bought Kraft Heinz. At this shareholders’ meeting, investors may want to hear Buffett talk about what happened before and after buying Kraft Heinz shares.

　　six

　　Which A-share stocks will be in the eye?

　　Buffett has publicly talked about being optimistic about investing in the China market more than once. Last year, Buffett admitted at the shareholders’ meeting that there are many investment opportunities in China. "In such a high-speed and booming market, investors holding the same capital may gain more in China than in the United States."

　　In terms of investment style, Wang Jianhui, general manager of Capital Securities R&D Department, previously told Zhongxin Jingwei client that "Buffett and Munger have similar styles, and companies that focus on steady growth attach importance to balanced ratio in their investment portfolios, and they are very predictable about market expectations and demand."

　　Wang Jianhui believes that China’s manufacturing and consumption upgrading are worthy of attention, but Buffett pays more attention to certainty, so domestic consumer goods with relatively high market share and obvious brand status are more likely to be favored by him.

　　Specifically, the market has made some analysis and predictions about which A-share stocks "stock gods" will prefer. According to china securities journal, there are many criteria for Buffett’s stock selection, but there are clear quantitative criteria. He only said one sentence, that is, the annual return on net assets (ROE) is greater than 20% for 10 consecutive years.

　　The so-called return on equity (ROE) is the ratio of company profits to shareholders’ equity. It represents the investment income of investors, in short, how much money the enterprise can earn for investors.

　　Which companies in A shares meet Buffett’s standards? Wind data shows that in the 10 years from 2009 to 2019, among the listed companies whose ROE (deduction/dilution) continuously exceeds 20%, there are only five listed companies in A shares, namely Kweichow Moutai, Haitian Weiye, Gree Electric, Yanghe and Chengde Lulu.

　　Attachment: Schedule of Buffett’s Shareholders’ Meeting in 2019:

　　Shareholders’ meeting day (note: Beijing time, time difference with Omaha, USA -13 hours)

　　 At 20: 00 on May 4th, CHI Health Center opened at the shareholders’ meeting.

　　 At 21: 30 on May 4: A special short film was shown at the shareholders’ meeting;

　　 From 22: 15 on May 4th to 4: 30 on May 5th: General Meeting of Shareholders and Q&A Session.

　　 May 5, 4: 30 to 5: 30 (approximate time): business meeting time.

　　 May 5, 6: 30-9: 00: Nebraska Furniture Store holds a barbecue dinner for Berkshire shareholders, and you can choose a special package of $5.

　　The Sora model is popular all over the world, making artificial intelligence (AI) once again the focus. With this popularity, the attention of AI courses on social media platforms has only increased. Among them, many course advertisements claim that "it only takes a few hundred yuan to quickly master AI skills". Are these courses really reliable, and what legal risks are hidden behind them?

　　Recently, "Li Yizhou", a self-media blogger who made huge income by selling AI courses live, once again boarded the cusp of public opinion. Its WeChat applet "One boat, One lesson" for selling AI courses has been suspended due to violation of the Interim Provisions on the Development and Management of Public Information Services for Instant Messaging Tools, and related courses have also been removed.

　　Many students who bought the AI course in Li Yizhou accused the course of serious "water injection", many additional charging routines, and lack of after-sales and refund channels. In this regard, lawyers said that the AI courses in Li Yizhou are suspected of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and AI model trainers, or will face legal accountability.

　　Suspected of false propaganda and infringement of consumer rights and interests

　　"Dr. Tsinghua teaches you an artificial intelligence course that you can understand", "0 basics and 0 thresholds" and "Don’t worry about learning" … Attracted by advertising slogans, many consumers spent 199 yuan to buy an AI video class in Li Yizhou online, only to find that the goods were not right after browsing.

　　Among the 40 courses, the duration of a single lesson is only about 10 minutes, and the shortest is only 2 minutes. The content of the course focuses on popular science, which is not only far from advertising, but also often induces students to upgrade the 1980 yuan advanced course. Although the students who bought the course were given more than 1 million advanced "computing power", they could do practical exercises such as drawing and making videos on Li Yizhou’s website "Yizhou Intelligence". However, an operation often costs tens of thousands of "calculations". After the gift of "calculation power" is spent, students will have to buy the relevant tools separately.

　　"This is a common low-cost drainage marketing strategy." Zhang Mingqi, a lawyer of Beijing Tianyuan (Guangzhou) Law Firm, said that if the seller sells the course at a low price but fails to guarantee the quality of the course and does not meet the publicity content, it has been suspected of violating the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the Price Law, which constitutes price fraud and false publicity, or will face administrative punishment.

　　Some students who expressed dissatisfaction were "kicked" out of the course group chat by the teaching assistants, and they could not contact customer service to apply for a refund.

　　There is a contractual relationship between the operator and the online course purchaser, and providing education management should be an incidental service of the course. Zhang Mingqi believes that the lack of after-sales and teaching services may also constitute a breach of contract. Consumers can ask operators to bear the responsibility according to the contract. If the operator’s related behavior constitutes fraud, according to the relevant provisions of the Consumer Protection Law, consumers even have the right to demand triple compensation.

　　However, Zhang Mingqi reminded that consumers should read the terms of the contract carefully before purchasing paid content. "Pay special attention to the core terms such as course content, fee amount and refund conditions, and collect and save transaction evidence when disputes arise." She said.

　　Suspected of infringing the copyright of AI model creators

　　Another big controversy in Li Yizhou AI course is that Yizhou intelligent website is suspected of stealing AI drawing model for profit.

　　On February 21st, a chat record posted on the online platform showed that an individual creator of AI model posted the AI drawing model of creative training on an original model sharing community website, and declared that the model could not be resold or sold as a fusion model, but then he saw the same model on Yizhou intelligent website.

　　The reporter saw in the above-mentioned sharing community website that users can use the AI drawing model uploaded by the creator to input requirements and generate pictures with specific styles. The model display interface all indicates: "If an enterprise needs to use the model for commercial purposes, it can contact the platform for consultation and register the model for commercial authorization."

　　Is AI drawing model protected by copyright law? Article 3 of China’s Copyright Law stipulates: "Works mentioned in this Law refer to intellectual achievements that are original and can be expressed in a certain form in the fields of literature, art and science". Hu Ziqi, a lawyer of Guoding Law Firm, said: "AI technology is like a drawing board that we use for traditional drawing, and its original learning material is the object of copying painting. The resulting AI drawing model still belongs to the creator’s wisdom and originality, and should be protected." He pointed out that if the creator’s statement is true, Yizhou Intelligent has used other creators’ AI drawing models for commercial purposes without permission, which has been suspected of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of relevant creators.

　　Zhang Mingqi added that according to the statement of the relevant sharing community, although the AI ? ? drawing trainer publicly released the relevant model, he actually retained a number of rights. If Yizhou Intelligent Platform uses the relevant model without publicizing the creator, it is suspected of infringing the right of signature. Secondly, although Yizhou Intelligent claims to have "fine-tuned" the relevant model, the secondary development is also suspected of infringing the trainer’s software modification right; Publishing the revised model is suspected of infringing the trainer’s right to spread software information on the internet.

　　According to public reports, the operating entity company of the aforementioned AI model sharing community website issued a statement on February 21, saying that it privately published the AI model originally published in the community for Yizhou Intelligent, and commercialized it without notification and authorization. Lawyers have been entrusted to preserve the evidence, and legal responsibilities will be pursued against the infringer.

　　Nanfang Daily reporter Chen Ziyang

In order to implement the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on promoting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, give full play to the role of fiscal functions, and promote the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions as scheduled, the Ministry of Finance issued the Opinions on Financial Support for Doing a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions on May 30th (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). The Opinions support carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions from four aspects: general requirements, key directions and areas of support, fiscal policy measures and safeguard measures.

In addition, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance answered the reporter’s questions about the Opinions.

The "Opinions" pointed out that by 2025, the fiscal policy tools will be continuously enriched, and the fiscal and taxation policy framework conducive to green and low-carbon development will be initially established, which will strongly support all industries in various regions to accelerate green and low-carbon transformation.Before 2030, a fiscal and taxation policy system conducive to green and low-carbon development will be basically formed, and a long-term mechanism to promote green and low-carbon development will be gradually established to promote the smooth realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s goals. Before 2060, the policy system of financial support for green and low-carbon development is mature and sound, and the goal of carbon neutrality is promoted smoothly.

The Opinions call for strengthening the overall planning of financial resources, optimizing the structure of fiscal expenditure, and increasing support for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.Improve the market-oriented diversified investment mechanism. Study and set up a national low-carbon transformation fund to support the green transformation of traditional industries and resource-rich areas. Give full play to the guiding role of existing government investment funds, including the National Green Development Fund. Encourage social capital to set up green and low-carbon industry investment funds in a market-oriented way. Incorporate eligible green and low-carbon development projects into the scope of government bond support. Take various ways to support government and social capital cooperation (PPP) projects in the field of ecological environment, and standardize local governments’ performance of PPP projects.

The "Opinions" proposes to give play to the incentive and restraint role of tax policies.. Implement tax policies such as environmental protection tax, resource tax, consumption tax, vehicle and vessel tax, vehicle purchase tax, value-added tax and enterprise income tax; We will implement preferential tax policies such as energy saving and water saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, study and support tax policies related to carbon emission reduction, and give full play to the role of taxation in promoting the green and low-carbon development of market players. Optimize the tariff structure according to the requirements of accelerating green and low-carbon development and continuously improving environmental quality.

In the direction of key support areas, the Opinions pointed out that renewable energy such as photovoltaic, wind power and biomass energy should be supported.And the new energy with steady output replaces fossil energy. Improve support policies to encourage unconventional natural gas exploitation to increase production and quantity. Encourage qualified areas to try first, develop new energy storage and pumped storage according to local conditions, and accelerate the formation of an electric power development mechanism based on energy storage and peak shaving capacity. Strengthen energy conservation supervision of key industries and key equipment, and organize energy measurement review.

Vigorously support the development of new energy vehicles, improve the charging and replacing infrastructure support policies., steadily promote the demonstration and application of fuel cell vehicles. Promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, continuously carry out comprehensive management of coal-fired boilers and industrial furnaces, expand the support scope of clean heating in winter in northern China, and encourage the use of clean energy for heating according to local conditions.

To support peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral work, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said,The Ministry of Finance has comprehensively used various policies and measures such as financial fund guidance, tax adjustment and government green procurement to support the promotion of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions., and support the development of clean energy through the following channels:

The first is to implement the financial subsidy policy for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles.The Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, will continue to improve the subsidy policy for the purchase of new energy vehicles, continuously raise the threshold of subsidy technology, reasonably grasp the strength and pace of subsidy standards, and promote the high-quality development of the new energy vehicle industry. In 2021, China’s new energy (600617) automobile sales reached 3.521 million, up 1.6 times year-on-year, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years. At the end of 2021, the Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, issued a notice, comprehensively considering factors such as the development plan of the new energy vehicle industry, the market sales trend and the smooth transition of enterprises, and clarifying that the purchase subsidy policy for new energy vehicles will be terminated on December 31, 2022.

The second is to implement the subsidy policy for renewable energy power generation.Since 2006, the central government has implemented a subsidy policy for renewable energy power generation based on fixed electricity prices, and strived to promote the high-quality leap-forward development of renewable energy. By the end of 2021, the installed capacity of renewable energy power generation in China reached 1.063 billion kilowatts, including 328 million kilowatts of wind power generation, 306 million kilowatts of photovoltaic power generation and 37.98 million kilowatts of biomass power generation. In 2021, the national renewable energy generation capacity reached 2.48 trillion kWh.

The third is to encourage the exploitation and utilization of unconventional natural gas.Since shale gas was included in the scope of subsidies in 2012, domestic unconventional natural gas production has increased steadily for nine consecutive years. Since 2019, unconventional natural gas included in the scope of subsidies includes shale gas, coalbed methane and tight gas. According to the principle of "more subsidies and more subsidies in winter", unconventional natural gas subsidies are based on the results-oriented method of incremental assessment, encouraging local and enterprises to increase gas production. With the support of policies, the actual exploitation and utilization of unconventional natural gas in 2021 will account for more than one third of China’s total natural gas production, which will become an important guarantee for production.

The fourth is to promote clean heating in winter in the northern region.In recent years, the central government has allocated special funds for the prevention and control of air pollution to support the clean heating work in the northern region in winter, including 88 cities in five batches, guiding local governments to carry out clean heating renovation and energy-saving renovation of existing buildings according to local conditions, effectively reducing loose coal consumption, promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and promoting the green transformation of energy structure.

The following is the original text of "Opinions on Financial Support for Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions":

In order to thoroughly implement the major strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, according to the relevant work arrangements of "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan by 2030" (Guo Fa [2021] No.23), we hereby put forward the following opinions on financial support for doing a good job in carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology.

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the Supreme Leader’s ecological civilization thought, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, fully implement the new development concept based on the new development stage, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, adhere to the systematic concept, and incorporate carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions into the overall layout of ecological civilization construction and the overall economic and social development. Adhere to the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, actively build a fiscal and taxation policy system conducive to promoting efficient use of resources and green and low-carbon development, promote a better combination of promising government and effective market, and support the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality goal as scheduled.

(2) Working principles.

Based on the present, focus on the long-term. Focusing on achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions as scheduled, we should strengthen the connection between financial support policies and the national "14th Five-Year Plan" outline, seize the critical period and window period of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s work during the 14th Five-Year Plan, implement proactive fiscal policies, improve efficiency, pay more attention to accurate and sustainable requirements, and rationally plan financial support for peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality policy system.

Adjust measures to local conditions and make overall plans. Local financial departments make overall consideration of local work basis and reality, promote work in a steady and orderly manner, make classified policies, and formulate and implement financial support measures that are both in line with their own reality and meet the overall requirements. Strengthen the overall planning of financial resources and normalize the implementation of the direct mechanism of financial funds. Promote the coordinated efforts of funds, taxation, government procurement and other policies to improve the effectiveness of fiscal policy.

Results-oriented, rewarding the superior and punishing the inferior. Strengthen budget constraints and performance management, and the central government will give incentives and support to areas that have achieved outstanding results in promoting related work; Appropriately deduct relevant transfer payment funds in areas where the relevant work is not active or the effect is not obvious, and form an incentive and restraint mechanism.

Strengthen communication, internal and external smooth. Adhere to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, fairness and respective capabilities, strengthen multilateral and bilateral international financial dialogue, exchange and cooperation, coordinate domestic and international resources, promote advanced green and low-carbon technologies and experiences at home and abroad, deeply participate in global climate governance, and actively strive for international resources support.

(3) Main objectives.

By 2025, fiscal policy tools will be continuously enriched, and a fiscal and taxation policy framework conducive to green and low-carbon development will be initially established, which will strongly support all industries in various regions to accelerate green and low-carbon transformation. Before 2030, a fiscal and taxation policy system conducive to green and low-carbon development will be basically formed, and a long-term mechanism to promote green and low-carbon development will be gradually established to promote the smooth realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s goals. Before 2060, the policy system of financial support for green and low-carbon development is mature and sound, and the goal of carbon neutrality is promoted smoothly.

Second, support key directions and areas

(1) Support the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. Orderly reduce and replace, and promote the transformation and upgrading of coal consumption. Optimize the clean energy support policy, vigorously support the high proportion of renewable energy applications, and promote the construction of a new power system with a gradually increasing proportion of new energy. Support renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind power and biomass energy, as well as new energy sources with stable output to replace fossil energy. Improve support policies to encourage unconventional natural gas exploitation to increase production and quantity. Encourage qualified areas to try first, develop new energy storage and pumped storage according to local conditions, and accelerate the formation of an electric power development mechanism based on energy storage and peak shaving capacity. Strengthen energy conservation supervision of key industries and key equipment, and organize energy measurement review.

(2) Support the green and low-carbon transformation in key industries. Support the industrial sector to develop into high-end, intelligent and green advanced manufacturing. Deepen the establishment of urban-rural transportation integration demonstration counties and improve the equalization level of urban-rural transportation services. Support the optimization and adjustment of transportation structure. Vigorously support the development of new energy vehicles, improve the supporting policies for charging and replacing infrastructure, and steadily promote the demonstration and application of fuel cell vehicles. Promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, continuously carry out comprehensive management of coal-fired boilers and industrial furnaces, expand the support scope of clean heating in winter in northern China, and encourage the use of clean energy for heating according to local conditions. Support northern heating areas to carry out energy-saving renovation of existing urban residential buildings and rural houses, and promote peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality in urban and rural construction. We will continue to promote the substitution of electric energy in industries, transportation, construction, agriculture and rural areas, and implement "replacing coal with electricity" and "replacing oil with electricity".

(3) Support green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation and basic capacity building. Strengthen support for the research and development, popularization and application of green technologies such as low carbon, zero carbon and negative carbon, energy conservation and environmental protection. Encourage qualified units, enterprises and regions to tackle key problems of low-carbon, zero-carbon and negative-carbon energy storage new materials, new technologies and new equipment, as well as industrialization and large-scale application, and establish and improve a green and low-carbon technology assessment and trading system and a scientific and technological innovation service platform. Strengthen the research on peak carbon dioxide emissions’s basic theory, basic methods, technical standards and realization path of carbon neutrality. Strengthen the basic support of carbon sink in ecosystem. Support the capacity building to adapt to climate change, and improve the capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation.

(4) Support green and low-carbon life and resource conservation and utilization. Develop circular economy, promote comprehensive utilization of resources, and strengthen the utilization of urban and rural garbage and rural waste resources. Improve the recycling system of waste materials and promote the recycling of renewable resources to improve quality and efficiency. Establish and improve the extended producer responsibility system for automobiles, electrical and electronic products, and promote the healthy development of the renewable resource recycling industry. Promote the resource utilization of crop straw and livestock manure, and promote the recycling of plastic film. Support the construction of "waste-free cities" and form a number of replicable and popularized experience models.

(5) Support the consolidation and improvement of carbon sink capacity. Support the improvement of ecological carbon sink capacity of forests, grasslands, wetlands and oceans. Carry out integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand. Implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems. We will further promote large-scale land greening, comprehensively protect natural forests, consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, support the management and protection of forest resources and the prevention and control of forest and grassland fires, strengthen the ecological restoration of grasslands, and strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands. Support pastoral and semi-pastoral provinces to implement the grassland compensation policy, accelerate the transformation of the development mode of grass and animal husbandry, and promote the steady recovery of grassland ecological environment. Promote the protection and restoration of marine ecosystems as a whole, and enhance the carbon fixation capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds and salt marshes. Support the comprehensive control of soil erosion.

(6) Support the improvement of the green and low-carbon market system. Give full play to the role of trading markets such as carbon emission rights, energy use rights and emission rights, and guide the optimization of industrial layout. Improve the statistical accounting and supervision system of carbon emissions, improve the relevant standard system, and strengthen the construction of carbon emission monitoring and measurement system. Support the unified supervision and management of national carbon emissions trading, improve the quota allocation management of the national carbon emissions trading market, gradually expand the scope of trading industries, enrich trading varieties and trading methods, and introduce paid distribution in due course. We will fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system, improve the paid use and trading system of pollutant discharge rights, and actively cultivate the trading market. Improve the carbon emission reporting and information disclosure system of enterprises and financial institutions.

Third, fiscal policy measures

(1) Strengthen the guiding role of financial funds. Strengthen the overall planning of financial resources, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure, and increase support for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. The financial fund arrangement closely revolves around the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. The fund allocation highlights key points, strengthens the protection of key industries and improves the accuracy of the fund policy. When allocating the existing central-local related transfer payment funds, the central government will give incentives and support to areas that have achieved outstanding results in promoting related work and played a leading role in demonstration.

(2) Improve the market-oriented diversified investment mechanism. Study and set up a national low-carbon transformation fund to support the green transformation of traditional industries and resource-rich areas. Give full play to the guiding role of existing government investment funds, including the National Green Development Fund. Encourage social capital to set up green and low-carbon industry investment funds in a market-oriented way. Incorporate eligible green and low-carbon development projects into the scope of government bond support. Take various ways to support government and social capital cooperation (PPP) projects in the field of ecological environment, and standardize local governments’ performance of PPP projects.

(3) Give play to the role of tax policy as an incentive and restraint. Implement tax policies such as environmental protection tax, resource tax, consumption tax, vehicle and vessel tax, vehicle purchase tax, value-added tax and enterprise income tax; We will implement preferential tax policies such as energy saving and water saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, study and support tax policies related to carbon emission reduction, and give full play to the role of taxation in promoting the green and low-carbon development of market players. Optimize the tariff structure according to the requirements of accelerating green and low-carbon development and continuously improving environmental quality.

(4) Improve the government’s green procurement policy. Establish and improve the government procurement demand standard system for green and low-carbon products, and formulate the government procurement demand standards for green buildings and green building materials by classification. Vigorously promote the application of prefabricated buildings and green building materials to promote the improvement of building quality. Increase the government procurement of new energy and clean energy official vehicles and ships. In addition to special geographical environment and other factors, official vehicles such as confidential communications should purchase new energy vehicles in principle, giving priority to the rental services of new energy vehicles, and official ships should give priority to the purchase of new energy and clean energy ships. Strengthen the main responsibility of purchasers, specify the requirements of green and low carbon in government procurement documents, and increase the procurement of green and low carbon products.

(5) Strengthening international cooperation in tackling climate change. Based on China’s position as a developing country, we will stabilize the existing multilateral and bilateral climate financing channels and continue to seek technical, financial and project assistance from international financial organizations and foreign governments. Actively participate in the United Nations Climate funding negotiations, promote the full and effective implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, build a green and low-carbon brand of the Belt and Road Initiative, and jointly promote global climate and environmental governance. Closely follow and actively participate in the formulation of international sustainable disclosure standards.

Fourth, safeguard measures

(1) Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. The financial departments at all levels should earnestly improve their political stance, attach great importance to the work related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and promote the realization of the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions as scheduled in accordance with the relevant requirements of the division of financial affairs and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments. Provincial financial departments should improve the working mechanism, study and formulate local financial support to do a good job in peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral policies and measures, compact responsibilities at different levels, clarify the division of responsibilities, and strengthen supervision and guidance to the financial departments of cities and counties. The financial departments of cities and counties are responsible for the financial support of the administrative region for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and do a good job in the implementation of central and provincial policies.

(2) Strengthen coordination and cooperation. Establish and improve the collaborative promotion mechanism of financial departments’ up-and-down linkage and horizontal interaction between finance and other departments. The financial departments at all levels should speed up sorting out the existing policies, clearly support the investment channels related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, include the tasks related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in the scope of support, strengthen coordination with the departments of development and reform, science and technology, industry and informatization, natural resources, ecological environment, housing and urban and rural construction, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas, energy, forestry and grass, meteorology, etc., and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects to form a joint effort.

(3) Strict budget management. Continuously improve the allocation efficiency of financial resources and the efficiency of financial support for carbon-neutral funds in peak carbon dioxide emissions. We will promote the full coverage of budget fund performance management in supporting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, strengthen budget fund performance evaluation and daily supervision, and harden budget constraints. Improve the incentive and restraint mechanism to support peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral work by linking the budget arrangement of relevant funds with performance results. Adhere to the convergence of capital investment with policy planning and tasks, and strengthen supervision and evaluation of the completion of objectives and tasks. The local regulatory bureaus of the Ministry of Finance shall evaluate the relevant funds supporting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, find problems in time, propose improvement measures, and supervise the local authorities to implement rectification measures.

(4) Intensify study and publicity. Financial cadres at all levels should consciously strengthen the study and research on policies and basic knowledge related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, regard the contents related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions as an important part of the education and training system for financial cadres, and enhance the ability of financial cadres at all levels to do a good job in carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Increase financial support to do a good job in peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral propaganda and popular science work, encourage qualified areas to strengthen ecological civilization propaganda and education in various ways, build a carbon-neutral theme popular science base in peak carbon dioxide emissions, promote the concept of ecological civilization to be more deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and promote the formation of a good atmosphere for green and low-carbon development.

In addition, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance answered a reporter’s question on the "Opinions on Financial Support to Do a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions"

In order to implement the major strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, the Ministry of Finance issued the Opinions on Financial Support for Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions (No.53 [2022] of the Treasury Department, hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). Recently, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance answered a reporter’s question about the Opinions.

1. Q: What is the background and significance of the Opinions?

A: Achieving carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, which is related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation and the building of a community of human destiny. It is the only way for China to promote high-quality development in the new stage of development. As one of the "1+N" policy systems for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, Opinions is the top-level design document for the financial department to implement the relevant major decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and it is also an important guarantee scheme for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. The promulgation of the "Opinions" is conducive to clarifying the work objectives of financial support for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, guiding financial cadres at all levels to improve their political positions, unify their thinking and understanding, and work hard to promote their work; It is conducive to guiding financial departments at all levels to clearly support the key directions and areas of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, identify the focus points, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of a fiscal and taxation policy system that promotes efficient use of resources and green and low-carbon development; It is conducive to giving full play to the synergy of fiscal funds, taxation, government procurement and other policies, forming a collaborative promotion mechanism in which the financial sector is linked up and down and the financial sector interacts horizontally with other departments, and vigorously promoting the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

2. Q: What are the general framework and main contents of the Opinions?

A: Based on the current stage of development, the Opinions focus on supporting the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s work, and put forward the comprehensive use of financial funds guidance, tax adjustment, diversified investment, government green procurement and other policy measures to do a good job in financial security, including four parts. The first is the overall requirements. This paper mainly expounds the guiding ideology, working principles and main objectives of financial support for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. The second is to support key directions and fields. Clearly focus on supporting the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, green and low-carbon transformation in key industries, green and low-carbon technological innovation and basic capacity building, green and low-carbon life and resource conservation and utilization, consolidation and improvement of carbon sink capacity, and improvement of green and low-carbon market system. The third is fiscal policy measures. Including strengthening the guiding role of financial funds, improving the market-oriented diversified investment mechanism, giving play to the incentive and restraint role of tax policies, improving the government’s green procurement policy, and strengthening international cooperation in dealing with climate change. The fourth is safeguard measures. Specifically, it includes four aspects: strengthening the implementation of responsibilities, strengthening coordination and cooperation, strict budget management, and increasing learning and publicity.

3. Q: What are the principles of financial support for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions?

A: The Opinions put forward four principles. First, based on the current situation and focusing on the long term. Focusing on achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions as scheduled, we should strengthen the connection between financial support policies and the national "14th Five-Year Plan" outline, seize the critical period and window period of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s work during the 14th Five-Year Plan, implement proactive fiscal policies, improve efficiency, pay more attention to accurate and sustainable requirements, and rationally plan financial support for peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality policy system. The second is to adjust measures to local conditions and make overall plans. Local financial departments make overall consideration of local work basis and reality, promote work in a steady and orderly manner, make classified policies, and formulate and implement financial support measures that are both in line with their own reality and meet the overall requirements. Strengthen the overall planning of financial resources and normalize the implementation of the direct mechanism of financial funds. Promote the coordinated efforts of funds, taxation, government procurement and other policies to improve the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The third is result-oriented, rewarding the superior and punishing the inferior. Strengthen budget constraints and performance management, and the central government will give incentives and support to areas that have achieved outstanding results in promoting related work; Appropriately deduct relevant transfer payment funds in areas where the relevant work is not active or the effect is not obvious, and form an incentive and restraint mechanism. The fourth is to strengthen exchanges and smooth internal and external flows. Adhere to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, fairness and respective capabilities, strengthen multilateral and bilateral international financial dialogue, exchange and cooperation, coordinate domestic and international resources, promote advanced green and low-carbon technologies and experiences at home and abroad, deeply participate in global climate governance, and actively strive for international resources support.

4. Q: How to ensure the effectiveness of the Opinions?

A: The Ministry of Finance will guide local financial departments to implement the requirements of the Opinions and focus on the following aspects. First, increase publicity and implementation. Guiding local financial departments to unify their thinking and understanding, improve their political stance, and thoroughly study and understand the major strategic decisions of the CPC Central Committee will promote the realization of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions into the overall financial work at all levels, improve the learning and training content, and promote the formation of a good atmosphere for green and low-carbon development. The second is to strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. Guide the provincial financial departments to improve the working mechanism, study and formulate local financial support to do a good job in carbon-neutral policies and measures in peak carbon dioxide emissions, compact responsibilities at different levels, clarify the division of responsibilities, strengthen supervision and guidance to the financial departments of cities and counties, and the financial departments of cities and counties are responsible for the work in their respective administrative areas and do a good job in the implementation of superior policies. The third is to strengthen coordination and cooperation. We will speed up the establishment and improvement of a collaborative promotion mechanism for the linkage between the financial departments and the horizontal interaction between finance and other departments, and bring the relevant tasks of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions into the scope of support, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties and form a joint effort. The fourth is to continuously follow up and ask for results. Continuously improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation and the efficiency of financial support for carbon-neutral funds in peak carbon dioxide emissions, strengthen the performance evaluation and daily supervision of budget funds, and harden budget constraints. Adhere to the convergence of capital investment with policy planning and tasks, and strengthen supervision and evaluation of the completion of objectives and tasks.

Q: What measures has the Ministry of Finance taken to support carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions?

A: Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, the Ministry of Finance conscientiously implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, constantly innovates and improves the policy system, and comprehensively uses various policy measures such as financial fund guidance, tax adjustment and government green procurement to support the promotion of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. First, strengthen financial guarantee and increase support through multiple channels. In 2021, the central government will strengthen the overall planning of resources, optimize the expenditure structure, and arrange about 350 billion yuan to support green and low-carbon development. The allocation of funds will focus on the promotion and application of clean energy, low-carbon transformation in key industries, scientific and technological innovation and capacity building, and the consolidation and upgrading of carbon sink capacity, so as to improve the accuracy of capital policies. The second is to give full play to the incentive and restraint role of tax policies. On the one hand, we will implement tax policies to support environmental protection and green development. Exempt qualified new energy vehicles from vehicle purchase tax and vehicle and vessel tax to guide green and low-carbon travel; Fully implement the reform of ad valorem collection of mineral resources tax and promote the rational development of resources. On the other hand, optimize the tariff structure, reduce tariffs on some environmental products such as diesel engine filter devices, and implement zero tariffs or low tariffs on resource-based products and steel primary products to guide and promote green and low-carbon development. The third is to promote the establishment of a diversified capital investment mechanism. Through the National Green Development Fund, social capital will be driven to support the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and market players in the field of green development will be accelerated by financial means to better serve the green transformation of the real economy. Standardize and orderly promote the cooperation between government and social capital in the field of ecological and environmental protection(PPP), give play to the inciting role of financial funds. The fourth is to continuously improve the government’s green procurement policy. Improve the implementation mechanism of government procurement policies for energy-saving and environmentally-friendly products. Energy-saving and environmentally-friendly products that fall within the scope of the item list can enjoy the support of government compulsory procurement and priority procurement policies as long as they pass the relevant national certification. Compacting the green procurement responsibility of purchasers, promoting the application of green procurement demand standards in the fields of construction, express packaging and commodity packaging, and implementing the green procurement policy objectives. Fifth, actively participate in the governance and cooperation of global environmental climate funding mechanism. Constructively participate in the negotiation on the funding issues of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, defend the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, safeguard the principle of voluntary capital contribution and the rights and interests of developing countries, and create an external environment conducive to achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Strengthen the strategic guidance to the Global Environment Facility and the Green Climate Fund, and actively use the funds of international multilateral and bilateral institutions to help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

6. Q: What channels does the Ministry of Finance mainly support the development of clean energy? What are the next steps?

A: Supporting the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system is an important work to promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. The central government attaches great importance to this and has carried out a lot of work, which has achieved remarkable results. The first is to implement the financial subsidy policy for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. The Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, will continue to improve the subsidy policy for the purchase of new energy vehicles, continuously raise the threshold of subsidy technology, reasonably grasp the strength and pace of subsidy standards, and promote the high-quality development of the new energy vehicle industry. In 2021, the sales of new energy vehicles in China reached 3.521 million, a year-on-year increase of 1.6 times, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years. At the end of 2021, the Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, issued a notice, comprehensively considering factors such as the development plan of the new energy vehicle industry, the market sales trend and the smooth transition of enterprises, and clarifying that the purchase subsidy policy for new energy vehicles will be terminated on December 31, 2022. The second is to implement the subsidy policy for renewable energy power generation. Since 2006, the central government has implemented a subsidy policy for renewable energy power generation based on fixed electricity prices, and strived to promote the high-quality leap-forward development of renewable energy. By the end of 2021, the installed capacity of renewable energy power generation in China reached 1.063 billion kilowatts, including 328 million kilowatts of wind power generation, 306 million kilowatts of photovoltaic power generation and 37.98 million kilowatts of biomass power generation. In 2021, the national renewable energy generation capacity reached 2.48 trillion kWh. The third is to encourage the exploitation and utilization of unconventional natural gas. Since shale gas was included in the scope of subsidies in 2012,Domestic unconventional natural gas production has increased steadily for nine consecutive years. Since 2019, unconventional natural gas included in the scope of subsidies includes shale gas, coalbed methane and tight gas. According to the principle of "more subsidies and more subsidies in winter", unconventional natural gas subsidies are based on the results-oriented method of incremental assessment, encouraging local and enterprises to increase gas production. With the support of policies, the actual exploitation and utilization of unconventional natural gas in 2021 will account for more than one third of China’s total natural gas production, which will become an important guarantee for production. The fourth is to promote clean heating in winter in the northern region. In recent years, the central government has allocated special funds for the prevention and control of air pollution to support the clean heating work in the northern region in winter, including 88 cities in five batches, guiding local governments to carry out clean heating renovation and energy-saving renovation of existing buildings according to local conditions, effectively reducing loose coal consumption, promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and promoting the green transformation of energy structure.

7. Q: At present, what are the main tax policies to support green and low-carbon development?

A: Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China has formed a green tax system framework with environmental protection tax, resource tax and farmland occupation tax "multi-tax governance" and systematic tax preferential policies such as value-added tax and enterprise income tax "multi-policy combination". In the current tax system, resources tax, consumption tax, value-added tax, income tax, vehicle purchase tax and vehicle and vessel tax are closely related to ecological environment protection. The policy design not only pays attention to the incentives for ecological protection and innovative development, but also strengthens the constraints on ecological destruction and extensive development. It also actively promotes tax reduction and fee reduction, releases policy dividends, and injects strong impetus into local high-quality development. First, the consumption tax is levied on refined oil to regulate energy consumption in the transportation field. China implemented the reform of refined oil tax and fee in 2009, and then raised the unit tax of refined oil several times. The second is to set the consumption tax rate differently, reduce the car purchase tax and car and boat tax, and guide green and low-carbon travel. According to the principle of "large displacement and more negative tax, small displacement and less negative tax", the applicable tax rate of consumption tax on passenger cars and motorcycles is set; Exempt new energy vehicles from vehicle purchase tax; Travel tax shall be exempted for new energy vehicles and vessels, and halved for energy-saving vehicles. The third is to levy environmental protection tax from 2018 to reduce pollutant emissions. Four kinds of pollutants, such as air pollutants, water pollutants, solid waste and noise, are levied. The emission costs of key energy users and emitters in thermal power, steel, cement, chemical industry and other industries have increased, which has played a positive role in encouraging cleaner production and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. Fourth, since July 2016, the reform of ad valorem taxation of mineral resources tax has been fully implemented.Promote the conservation and intensive use of resources. Fifth, implement tax incentives related to value-added tax and enterprise income tax, and guide enterprises to replace fossil energy with clean energy and renewable energy. Improve the preferential tax policies for environmental protection, energy saving and water saving, and issue the Catalogue of Preferential Enterprise Income Tax for Environmental Protection, Energy Saving and Water Saving Projects (2021 Edition); Improve the tax policy for comprehensive utilization of resources, and issue the Announcement on Improving the VAT Policy for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and the Catalogue of Preferential Enterprise Income Tax for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources (2021 Edition).

8. Q: At present, what is the implementation of the government green procurement policy of the Ministry of Finance? What are the next considerations?

A: In recent years, the Ministry of Finance has continuously improved the government’s green procurement policy and promoted state organs, institutions and organizations to actively purchase and use green and low-carbon products. First, increase compulsory procurement and give priority to energy-saving and environmental protection products. Improve the implementation mechanism of government procurement of energy-saving and environmental protection products. Products that fall within the scope of the list of energy-saving and environmental protection government procurement items can enjoy preferential procurement policies as long as they pass the national certification. In 2020, the procurement scale of energy-saving and environmental protection products will account for more than 85% of the government procurement scale of similar products, effectively promoting the development of related industries and playing a positive leading role in social green consumption. The second is to promote the application of green buildings and green building materials. Six cities including Shaoxing were promoted to use green building materials in public buildings such as hospitals and schools, and new construction methods such as assembly and intelligence were used. The amount of projects included in the pilot reached 102.5 billion yuan. The third is to build a standard system of government green procurement demand. In conjunction with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the State Post Bureau, the demand standards for express packaging were formulated, and indicators such as heavy metal content in packaging materials were specified from three aspects: green, reduced and recyclable, so as to guide suppliers to use recycled organic and renewable packaging products. Study and formulate government procurement demand standards such as green data center and printing and copying consumables. The fourth is to support the green procurement of key products. To promote the application of new energy vehicles, it is required that confidential communication, law enforcement duty and commuting vehicles with relatively fixed routes purchase new energy vehicles in principle, and guide Hainan Province to try to purchase domestic clean energy vehicles.In the fixed-point procurement scheme of furniture, printing, automobile maintenance and other central budget units, it is clearly required to use low-volatile raw and auxiliary materials to reduce air pollution. In the next step, the Ministry of Finance will accelerate the establishment and improvement of the government procurement demand standard system for green and low-carbon products, and classify and formulate the government procurement demand standards for green buildings and green building materials; Vigorously promote the application of prefabricated buildings and green building materials to promote the improvement of building quality; Strengthen the main responsibility of purchasers, specify the requirements of green and low carbon in government procurement documents, and increase the procurement of green and low carbon products.

9. Q: How does the Ministry of Finance support the R&D and promotion of green and low-carbon technologies and basic capacity building?

A: In supporting scientific and technological innovation. First, support scientific research activities related to green and low-carbon development by supporting the organization and implementation of science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.) of the central government, such as supporting the implementation of key national R&D plans such as clean and efficient utilization of coal and new energy-saving technologies, renewable energy and hydrogen energy technologies, new energy vehicles, green buildings and building industrialization, and nuclear safety and advanced nuclear energy technologies during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, so as to upgrade the technologies supporting green and low-carbon development. From 2021, we will support the layout of key projects of the national key R&D plan "Earth System and Global Change (Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies of Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions)". Second, provide stable support to relevant central scientific research institutes and state key laboratories in the field of green and low-carbon development, support them to improve the basic conditions of scientific research, and independently carry out research. Relevant units can independently carry out research related to green and low-carbon development around the national strategic deployment and the requirements of industry departments. In supporting basic capacity building. Mainly through the budget of relevant departments to support relevant departments to strengthen environmental quality monitoring, environmental monitoring and law enforcement, natural resources management, natural ecological protection and other key work, strengthen the construction of carbon emission statistical accounting and supervision system, carry out carbon monitoring and evaluation pilot, carbon emission statistical accounting and analysis, and at the same time strengthen the basic theory, basic methods and realization path research of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

10. Q: What funds does the Ministry of Finance mainly use to support the consolidation and upgrading of carbon sink capacity, and what is the effect?

A: The central government supports the enhancement of ecological carbon sink capacity of forests, grasslands, wetlands and oceans through central-local transfer payments. First, through key ecological protection and restoration funds, support the integrated protection and restoration project of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand, implement the demonstration project of ecological restoration of abandoned mines left over from history, promote the comprehensive management, systematic management and source management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes, effectively promote ecological restoration, improve the ecosystem quality of the core areas of key ecological areas such as Qilian Mountain (600720), Loess Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a whole, and expand the ecological space. Second, through the transfer of funds from forestry and grassland, we will further promote large-scale land greening actions, comprehensively protect natural forests, consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, support forest resources management and protection and prevention of forest and grassland fires, strengthen grassland ecological restoration and management, and strengthen wetland protection and restoration. China’s forest coverage rate has increased to 23.04%, grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage rate has reached 56.1%, and wetland protection rate has reached 52%. The prevention and control of desertification land has become a global model. Third, through the marine ecological protection and restoration funds, we will promote the "Blue Bay" rectification action, mangrove protection and restoration, and coastal protection and restoration projects as a whole, and enhance the carbon fixation capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and Dunaliella salina. Fourth, through agricultural resources and ecological protection subsidy funds, we will implement the third round of grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policies, accelerate the transformation of the development mode of grass and animal husbandry, promote the steady recovery of grassland ecological environment, promote the protection and utilization of black land in Northeast China, and carry out green planting and recycling agriculture pilot.Promote the comprehensive utilization of crop straw.

CCTV News:According to Qiushi Mobile Newspaper: On June 16th, the 12th issue of Qiushi magazine published a signed article by Shen Haixiong, entitled "Learning History, Understanding and Understanding".

The full text is as follows:

Learn from history, understand and understand.

Shen Haixiong

History is the best teacher. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-long suffering and glory is a magnificent epic in human history. Learning Party History well is a compulsory course, which is a major practical issue, and it is also a lifelong issue for every party member cadre. "If you have faith in your heart, you can go far." Learning the party’s century-old history well is the source of strength for us to constantly strengthen our historical strength and enhance our ambition, backbone and confidence to be Chinese. We deeply realize that the most important thing for us to persist in studying history and understanding is to understand the truth, integrate knowledge and practice, and turn the achievements of learning and education into practical actions to fulfill our initial mission.

On the premise of learning history and understanding, carry out the study and education of party history with high quality

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that the history of the Party is the most vivid and convincing textbook. It has always been our party’s political advantage and glorious tradition to attach importance to studying the history of the party and drawing wisdom and strength from the history of the party. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered a series of important speeches and instructions on the study and education of party history on many occasions, such as the mobilization meeting on the study and education of party history, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, the opening ceremony of the training course for young and middle-aged cadres of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), and the group discussion of the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress.

On the occasion of the upsurge of learning in the whole party, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection in Fujian: "To learn history and be sensible in the study and education of party history, being sensible is the premise of increasing trust, advocating morality and practicing." The important instructions of the General Secretary have given us profound enlightenment. We feel that understanding history, enhancing trust, respecting morality and practicing history are an interconnected and organically unified whole. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put "learning history and understanding" as the first item, and specially emphasized the "premise" role of "understanding" in it, which has strong ideological, guiding and pertinence, and provided us with an important epistemology and methodology for further studying and educating Party history with high standards and high quality.

On the premise of understanding history, it is necessary to fully understand the basic role of "understanding" in the study and education of party history.Engels pointed out that where history begins, the ideological process should also begin. It is a great political advantage of our party to persist in ideological party building, be good at using Marxist theory to invigorate and strengthen the party and promote the party’s career process. Looking back on the party’s 100-year history, there is a fundamental law, that is: theoretical sobriety is a firm premise of belief and the most fundamental sobriety. Looking back at all previous centralized education activities in the history of our party, ideological education and theoretical study all started, which is the inheritance of our party’s past experience. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly emphasized the importance of party member cadres to strengthen theoretical study, and put theoretical thinking, theoretical accomplishment and theoretical level in an important position. The general secretary profoundly pointed out: "Only when you are sober in theory can you be politically sober, and only when you are firm in theory can you be politically firm." This time, the study and education of party history in the whole party also takes strengthening ideological and theoretical armed forces as the first requirement. On the premise of learning history and understanding reason, we should profoundly understand the "truth flavor" of Marxism from the party’s century-long course, further arm and unite the party and the people with the latest achievements of Marxism in China, and always maintain theoretical sobriety and political firmness.

The premise of learning history and understanding is to achieve "four profound understandings".General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out, "We should profoundly understand why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can, why Marxism works and why Socialism with Chinese characteristics is good from the brilliant achievements, arduous journey, historical experience and fine traditions of the Party, and make clear the historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic. We should profoundly understand the historical inevitability of adhering to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and strengthen our confidence in the Party’s leadership. We should deeply understand the truth of Marxism and its China-based innovation theory, and strengthen the firmness of consciously implementing the Party’s innovation theory. We must profoundly understand the correctness of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road and unswervingly follow the only correct road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. " These "four profound understandings" condense the profound thinking and strategic consideration of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on the century-old party history, which is a specific requirement for "learning history and understanding" and shows deep historical consciousness and strong historical responsibility. On the premise of learning history and understanding, it is necessary to understand the rich connotation of "the key to China’s success lies in the Party", how Marxism profoundly changed China and China, and how Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the only way to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We should always remain sober and firm in "catching the exam", constantly sharpen our initial mission, and constantly enhance our historical consciousness and self-confidence.

On the premise of learning history and understanding, it is necessary to profoundly grasp the truth power and practical power of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that "the history of our Party is a history of constantly promoting the China of Marxism and a history of constantly promoting theoretical innovation and theoretical creation". There is no end to practice, and there is no end to theoretical innovation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is a concentrated summary of the practical experience since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It is also a profound condensation of the historical experience over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, over the past 70 years of the founding of New China and over the past 100 years of the founding of our Party. It has achieved a new historic leap in the China of Marxism, and it is contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism.

Thought is power. Since last year, in the face of the interweaving of the century epidemic and the hundred-year changes, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has led the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to take the road, meet the big exams, seek great events and pass the mark, and handed over an answer sheet that is satisfactory to the people, attracts worldwide attention and can go down in history. China’s total economic output exceeded 100 trillion yuan, accounting for about 17% of the world economy, ranking second in the world; The per capita GDP has exceeded $10,000, steadily moving towards the ranks of high-income countries; Major breakthroughs have been made in comprehensively deepening reforms, major steps have been taken in building democracy and the rule of law, people’s living standards have been significantly improved, and the party has been strictly managed in an all-round way. In particular, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally commanded, deployed and supervised the war, leading the whole party and the people of all nationalities to win the all-round victory in the battle against poverty. For thousands of years, the dream of the Chinese nation getting rid of poverty has been realized in the hands of our generation. The leader’s core and strong leadership of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great image and lofty prestige, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages have all been sublimated in the great practice of the new era, and have been more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in China and abroad, and the cohesion and centripetal force of the party’s heart and people’s hearts have been greatly enhanced.

Each of us is a witness, witness and recorder of this period of history, and has a personal feeling and experience of the truth power and practical power of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. On the premise of learning history and understanding, it is necessary to firmly grasp the important theme of learning and understanding Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, deeply understand the extraordinary power of the important exposition of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, hold high this great ideological banner and spiritual banner in the new era and new journey, and truly understand this "heart sutra" and master this "true sutra".

Taking audio and video as the media, we should better integrate "learning history and understanding" into the propaganda and reporting of the centenary of the founding of the Party.

The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to the propaganda and education of the party history, and profoundly points out that "it is a very important work in the overall work of the party and the state to comprehensively publicize the party’s history and give full play to the role of the party’s history in learning from the present and educating people with resources." Emphasize that the history of the party is a vivid teaching material to carry forward the socialist core values, carry out revolutionary tradition education and patriotism education; It is very important to tell stories and tell good stories; Encourage the creation of literary and artistic works on the theme of party history, especially film and television works; Take a clear-cut stand against historical nihilism and strengthen ideological guidance and theoretical analysis. Whether presiding over important meetings, attending important events, or inspecting revolutionary memorial sites, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally set an example, telling many touching stories in the history of the Party and vividly expounding the essence of learning history and understanding. For example, the story of Chen Wangdao’s translation of the communist party Declaration, the story of "the quartermaster" and "half a quilt" in the Long March, the story of Comrade Jiao Yulu, the story of Comrade Gu Wenchang, the story of "Qi Xin working together to build Baotou Steel" and "3,000 orphans entering Inner Mongolia", and so on. Over the years, the "red footprint" of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary has spread all over the north and south of the country. The people’s leaders have set a shining example for us to persist in learning history and telling the story of party history with their words and deeds.

The important exposition and vivid demonstration of the Supreme Leader General Secretary is an important follow-up for us to do a good job in the propaganda and reporting of the centenary of the founding of the Party, and provides a valuable "spiritual mine" for vividly telling the story of the centenary party. We constantly seek inspiration, ideas, themes, inspirations and answers from the important expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary. Under the strong leadership of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, "Ping" language is close to people — — A large number of stories, connotations and infectious masterpieces, such as Allusions Favored by the Supreme Leader (Season 2), Crossing the Yalu River, Getting rid of Poverty, China in Classics, History of the Party in Art Classics, Red Archives, and The Last Pen, give full play to the advantages of mainstream media’s integration and communication and platform resources, and deeply interpret the important exposition of General Secretary Supreme Leader with audio and video as the media.

Let history reappear in seeking truth.We give full play to the advantages of video and audio to reproduce the century-long history of our party. For example, the 365-episode special report "the Communist Party of China (CPC) Centennial Moment" planned and launched by Voice of China, the general station, and 100 national radio stations is a practice of seeking truth. Almost every issue of this series has precious historical soundtracks, including the speeches of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and other comrades, as well as the historical soundtracks of Chinese’s first climb to Mount Everest, and a large number of old documentaries and movies. Behind every shocking voice, there are touching historical moments, showing a century-old memory.

Let history live in the pursuit of depth.For example, the large-scale history column "National Memory" shows the close connection between personal experience and the fate of home and country, avoids falling into the trap of empty preaching, and is good at personalized, story-telling and microscopic narration. The story fragments in each episode are almost an independent and complete micro-documentary, and after combination, it is a documentary feature film. This flexible combination arrangement not only allows the audience to know a relatively complete historical detail in a short time, but also allows new audiences to "enter the show" seamlessly. Taking "Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea to Protect Our Country and Defend Our Country" as an example, the creative team conducted detailed research and combing at home and abroad for one year. Some precious files were decrypted for the first time in the film, and more than 100 precious cultural relics were photographed to resist US aggression and aid Korea. Many historical images were made public for the first time in the film.

Let history be touching in seeking details.The party history program is a creation that fears history, and it needs to be tirelessly pursued and verified in every detail of history. At the end of February this year, we created a six-episode documentary about the education of party history, focusing on the "The Last Written Poem of the Martyrs". How to make the "unique pen" really "see words like a face", we have worked hard, skillfully and carefully in creation. The large-scale integrated media program "Pursuit — — The Story Behind the Red Letters takes the red letters as the breakthrough point, and integrates the stories behind with the true feelings. Letters soaked with smoke and blood show the firm faith of communist party people, and stories of tenacious struggle and struggle show the revolutionary pride of communist party people, which really makes the history of the party come alive and makes the faith burn.

Let history shine in the pursuit of beauty.After a hundred years’ journey, many heroic deeds, touching moments and magnificent pictures have emerged. This great change is also the most precious source of life for art creation. We innovatively published "The History of the Party in Fine Arts Classics", which carries forward the spirit of China with distinctive concreteness and strong artistic tension. It not only depicts the greatness of the great party that led the people of China to create the world, change the world and shake the earth, but also is permeated with the meteorological beauty of high spirits, unremitting efforts and innovation; It not only profoundly reflects the great historical changes of the Chinese nation, but also vividly depicts the spiritual map of communist party people.

On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, the Central Radio and Television General Station continued to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of a series of important instructions given by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work of the General Station, gave full play to the advantages of the General Station in communication channels, production power and platform resources, strived to enhance the leading power, communication power and influence of the propaganda and reports on the centenary of the founding of the Party, and actively created a strong atmosphere of celebrating the centenary birthday and creating great historical achievements.

Give full play to the advantages of integrated communication and do a good job in publicity and reporting.We have carefully planned and made overall plans, deepened the successful practice of promoting the publicity and reporting of the 70th anniversary of the National Day of the General Station, and solidly promoted the live broadcast and other work to ensure that the operations of various types of work and large corps of various systems are smooth and orderly. In accordance with the standard of "world-class, best in history", we actively apply new technologies and means such as 5G, 4K/8K, AI, etc., highlighting the sense of scene and embodying the sense of ceremony, so that the live coverage can be as beautiful and shocking as a movie blockbuster. We will further deepen the working spirit of striving for perfection, being meticulous and pursuing perfection, carefully polish every shot, every picture, every detail and every process, and ensure that all links such as content, technology, transmission and wiring are assured and foolproof, and we will go all out and devote ourselves to presenting the eternal chapter of the grand ceremony perfectly.

The picture shows the recording scene of the special program "National University Students’ Party History Knowledge Contest" creatively launched by the Central Radio and Television General Station. Photo courtesy of Central Radio and Television Headquarters

Give full play to the advantages of producing high-quality programs, persistently pursue Excellence and create first-class.Under the guidance of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, we have made solid progress and carefully polished a large number of works, such as Dare to Teach the Sun and Moon to Change the Sky, Years of Mountains and Rivers, Armageddon, Symphony Concert of Music, Poetry and Painting to Celebrate the Centenary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), National University Students’ Party History Knowledge Contest and National Red Story Interpreter Competition, and formed the communication trend of "like a pouring of large and small pearls into a plate of jade". Pay attention to the innovative application of new media and new technologies, highlight the youthful and vivid expression, combine grand narrative with wonderful details, reflect the sense of historical depth and distinct sense of the times, create more vivid and vivid "explosive" products, and attract a wide audience, especially young people, to participate in the interaction.

Give full play to the advantages of platform resources and serve the overall situation of the party and the state.We deeply understand the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and earnestly shoulder the responsibility of the mainstream media. For example, innovate and carry out the "Brand Power Project" — — Media public welfare actions such as "Rural Revitalization Action", "Buy All over China", "Public Welfare Live Broadcasting with Goods" and "Spring Blossoms and National Employment Action" help to do a good job in the "Six Guarantees" work, implement the "Six Guarantees" task, and actively integrate and serve the new development pattern. Give full play to the advantages of the 44-language external communication platform of the General Station, compile and push major political reports and cultural and artistic programs in the century since the founding of the Party, and accurately spread "one country, one policy". Accelerate the improvement of the reception desk’s external communication delivery capability, develop and create a number of flat, peaceful, rigorous, vivid and easy-to-accept external communication fist products, such as the Supreme Leader’s Talk on Governing the Country, the animated micro-documentary, and the documentary "The Track of History", so as to effectively and effectively tell the story of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to the outside world.

Draw wisdom and strength from "learning history and understanding"

Looking back is to move forward better. In the upsurge of party history study and education, we put understanding, increasing trust, respecting morality and practicing throughout the whole process of study and education, and made great efforts in learning party history, understanding ideas, doing practical things and opening up new bureaus, striving for practical results, learning the compulsory course of party history in a down-to-earth manner, and drawing forward wisdom and strength in "learning history and understanding"

Focus on "learning the history of the party", constantly draw spiritual strength, carry forward the red tradition and inherit the red gene.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader systematically explained the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and pointed out that "the reason why our Party has been flourishing and enduring hardships for a hundred years is because of such a strong spirit of revolution and desperation". On the basis of organizing party member cadres to seriously study the designated teaching materials, we take Chongqing Hongyan Revolutionary Memorial Hall as the learning and education base of the Party history of the main station, carry out "four hundred", that is, 100 party building papers, 100 party day activities with excellent themes of party history, 100 party history micro-videos and 100 micro-party classes, hold a party history knowledge contest for young cadres, make good use of red resources by combining online and offline, educate and guide party member cadres to firmly establish a correct view of party history, and drum up a new journey.

Focus on "understanding thoughts", constantly draw on the power of truth, and temper the political character of absolute loyalty to the party.Firmly grasp the priority of further understanding the ideological power, take the study and education of party history as an important opportunity, and further make real contributions and seek practical results in learning and understanding Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of being the supreme leader. We innovatively use special party classes, special party day activities, organized life meetings, special reading classes, discussion and exchange meetings, youth theoretical study groups, learning platforms for "learning to strengthen the country", and online party schools at the reception desk, etc., to promote the theoretical armed forces to go deep, go deep and go practical. Intensify the efforts of inspectors to promote learning and examination, educate and guide party member cadres to study article by article, repeatedly understand and feel attentively, constantly improve their political judgment, political understanding and political execution, earnestly enhance their ideological consciousness, political consciousness and action consciousness of resolutely achieving "two maintenance", and unswervingly walk the first phalanx.

Focus on "doing practical things", constantly draw on the strength of the people and practice the people-centered development thinking.Consolidate and expand the educational achievements on the theme of "Do not forget your initiative mind, Keep in mind the mission", adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, go deep into life, take root in the people, constantly enhance the strength, eyesight, brain power and pen power, and strive to improve the artistic level and mass satisfaction of literary, film and television programs. We have carried out the practical activities of "I do practical things for the masses" in a down-to-earth manner, given full play to the resource advantages of the media platform of the reception desk, continued to do a good job in helping the construction of a new era civilization practice center in Gansu, helped the rural revitalization of Xide County in Liangshan, Sichuan, and organized broadcasters and presenters to go deep into the grassroots to carry out public welfare activities and cultural and artistic condolences. Solidly promote the "popular support project" of Zhuozhou housing project, the renovation of old residential areas, the construction of medical associations and enterprise annuities, and sincerely do practical things, do good things and solve difficult problems for employees.

Focus on "opening a new game", constantly draw on the strength of endeavor, and build a world-class new mainstream media with strong leading power, communication power and influence.The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to combine the study of party history with summing up experience, observing reality and promoting work, and turn learning results into work motivation and results. The purpose of learning is to use. We have made great efforts to promote action through knowledge, to integrate the study and education of Party history with the in-depth study and implementation of the spirit of a series of important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work of the General Desk, and to effectively improve the political ability, strategic vision and professional level of grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern. We will continue to deepen the transformation of the main station from the traditional radio and television media to the all-media organization that produces and publishes world-class original audio and video, from the traditional program production and broadcasting mode to the deepening of the structural reform of the content production and supply side, and from the traditional technical layout to the strategic pattern of "5G+4K/8K+AI", so as to promote the high-quality development of the main station and achieve greater results, and add luster to the party’s centennial birthday with the practical achievements of the main station staff.

Source: Qiushi 2021/12

Author: Shen Haixiong, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, director and editor-in-chief of the Central Radio and Television General Station.

Three major US stock indexes overnightMixed up and down,S&P 500 indexIt rose by 0.12% to 4508.24 points.Nasdaq composite indexIt rose by 0.07% to 14,113.67 points.Dow Jones industrial averageIt fell by 0.13% to 34,945.47 points.

Among the US stocks overnight,A total of 81 Chinese stocks rose and 177 Chinese stocks fell..

Popular Chinese stocksAmong them, Alibaba fell by 9.14%, Pinduoduo by 1.20%, Netease by 2.37%, JD.COM by 1.78%, Baidu by 3.15%, New Oriental by 1.73%, Billy by 7.63% and Iqiyi by 4.19%.

New forces of building carsAll fell, LI fell by 4.10%, Weilai fell by 6.80% and Xpeng Motors fell by 6.67%.

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The "trap" we are going to reveal to you today is still related to online shopping. I believe many people will buy this thing through the Internet now, and it is a book. According to incomplete statistics, at present, 60% of books are sold through online channels, but after some books are bought online, people always feel something is wrong. What went wrong?

The following article comes from pediatrician Hu Liang and author Hu Liang.

Pediatrician Hu Liang.

Allergy doctor, popular science author

Author: Hu Liang

Youth Committee of Asthma Group of Pediatric Branch of Chinese Medical Association/Youth Committee of Chronic Cough Group of Pediatric Branch of Chinese Medical Association

Sina Weibo is a popular blogger/serving thousands of allergic patients.

Every autumn, many people will encounter allergic symptoms such as itchy nose, itchy eyes, cough, itchy skin and even difficulty breathing. This seasonal allergy is called autumn pollinosis. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 10-30% of the global population is affected by seasonal allergic rhinitis. So, why are we allergic to pollen? How to prevent and treat it?

01

What is hay fever?

Hay disease, also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction caused by plant pollen. Pollen is a tiny powdery substance, which is the male reproductive cell of plants and is used for pollination and reproduction. Pollen will enter the air when it is spread by wind, insects or other media. If these pollen are inhaled or come into contact with our eyes, nose, skin and other parts, it may trigger an overreaction of the immune system and lead to various discomfort symptoms.

02

Why are hay fever frequent in autumn?

1. The peak of plant pollen: Autumn is the peak of pollen for many plants, especially weeds. Common sensitized plants include ragweed, wormwood, Humulus Humulus, Chenopodiaceae and so on. The dry weather and strong wind in autumn make it easier to spread pollen into the air, which leads to more frequent contact with pollen.

2. Allergic reaction of immune system: The human immune system was originally used to protect us from harmful substances, but for some people, their immune system mistakenly regards pollen as an "intruder" and produces antibodies to fight against these pollen. This process releases a chemical called histamine, which causes allergic symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing and itchy eyes.

3. Genetic and environmental factors: Allergic constitution has a certain genetic tendency. If parents or family members have a history of allergies, the possibility of allergies in their children will also increase. In addition, environmental factors such as air pollution, indoor and outdoor temperature difference, etc., may also aggravate pollen symptoms.

03

Common symptoms of hay fever

The symptoms of autumn pollinosis are diverse, and the common ones are:

Nasal symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, itchy nose, etc.

Eye symptoms: itchy eyes, tears, redness, conjunctivitis, etc.

Respiratory symptoms: cough, itchy throat, asthma, etc.

Skin symptoms: itchy skin, rash, urticaria, etc.

These symptoms may affect daily life and work, so timely prevention and treatment is particularly important.

04

How to prevent autumn pollinosis?

1, reduce contact with pollen:

Pay close attention to the pollen index: you can know the daily pollen concentration through weather forecast or special pollen monitoring website, and try to reduce outdoor activities during the pollen peak period.

Avoid going out during peak hours: pollen concentration usually peaks in the morning and evening, so try to avoid going out during these hours.

Close doors and windows: In the high pollen season, try to close doors and windows and use air conditioners or air purifiers to keep indoor air clean.

2. Maintain personal hygiene:

Wash your face and hands frequently: After going home, wash your face and hands in time to avoid pollen residue.

Change clothes: Change clothes in time after going out to prevent pollen from entering the room.

Nose washing: Using normal saline to wash the nasal cavity can effectively remove pollen and other allergens in the nasal cavity.

Pollen blocking agent: before going out, applying pollen blocking agent around the nostrils can effectively block pollen from entering the nasal cavity and reduce the occurrence of allergic reactions.

3, improve the indoor environment:

Use an air purifier: An air purifier can filter pollen and other allergens in the air and keep the indoor air fresh.

Cleaning household items: regularly clean sheets, curtains, carpets, etc. to reduce the accumulation of pollen and dust mites.

Maintain moderate humidity: moderate humidity can reduce the pollen concentration in the air, but too high humidity may lead to mold growth.

05

Treatment of autumn pollinosis

1, drug therapy:

Antihistamines: Antihistamines can prevent the action of histamine and relieve symptoms such as itchy nose, runny nose and sneezing. Common antihistamines are loratadine and cetirizine.

Nasal hormone spray: nasal hormone spray can effectively alleviate nasal symptoms, such as mometasone furoate and fluticasone propionate.

Nasal decongestant: nasal decongestant can temporarily relieve nasal congestion, but it should not be used for a long time to avoid rebounding nasal congestion.

2, immunotherapy (desensitization therapy):

Desensitization therapy: Desensitization therapy, also known as specific immunotherapy, is to gradually increase the exposure of patients to specific allergens, so as to make their immune system tolerant, thus alleviating or eliminating allergic symptoms and obtaining long-term curative effect. Desensitization treatment needs to be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, usually lasting for 3-5 years. At present, the desensitization schemes for autumn pollen can be routinely obtained in China, including sublingual drops of Artemisia annua and sublingual sprays of ragweed and Artemisia argyi.

3, omalizumab treatment:

Omalizumab (omalizumab) is a monoclonal antibody drug, which has been proved to be effective for severe allergic asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria by binding with IgE and blocking its mediated allergic reaction. Studies have shown that omazumab also has a significant effect on some patients with refractory hay fever. According to a systematic review and meta-analysis in 2022, omazumab showed good effect in the treatment of hay fever, significantly reducing the symptom score and drug demand.

Usage: Omazumab is usually given by subcutaneous injection, which needs to be given before hay fever comes. The specific dosage and frequency need to be determined according to the patient’s weight and IgE level.

06

tag

Although autumn pollinosis is miserable, as long as we understand its causes and take scientific prevention and treatment measures, we can completely alleviate the symptoms and enjoy a comfortable autumn.

[Author of this article]

Hu Liang

Pediatricians insist on evidence-based

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Original title: "Autumn pollinosis is frequent, why are we allergic to pollen? 》

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　　Xi ‘an, China Broadcasting Network, May 13 (Reporter Zhang Jiaqi Feng Weiyu) In 2018, the Beijing Higher People’s Court made a final judgment on the patent infringement case of Xidian Jietong v. Sony, and ordered Sony to stop the infringement and compensate Xidian Jietong for a total of 9,103,400 yuan. This case is also called "the first case of standard essential patent in China" by the industry. In fact, such difficulties and challenges are only the epitome of Shaanxi’s "Belt and Road" construction. "Shaanxi is participating in ‘ Belt and Road ’ The construction started early, but it also faced many challenges. " Ma Lili, deputy dean of the School of Economics and Management of Northwest University, said that Shaanxi should make full use of resources, seize development opportunities and become an important fulcrum along the Belt and Road to boost the overall national strategy.

　　Opportunities and challenges

　　Founded in 2000, Xidian Jietong is a provider of network security protocol technology and solutions.

　　On March 28, 2018, the Beijing Higher People’s Court made a final judgment on the patent infringement case of Xidian Jietong v. Sony Wireless LAN Security Standard (WAPI), dismissed the appeal, upheld the original judgment of the first instance, and ordered Sony to stop the infringement and compensate Xidian Jietong for its economic losses and reasonable expenditure on rights protection totaling 9,103,400 yuan. The case of Xidian Jietong v. Sony is also called "the first case of standard essential patent in China" by the industry. At present, the patent infringement case of Xidian Jietong v. Apple is still under trial in the Higher People’s Court of Shaanxi Province.

　　In these two patent infringement cases, both Sony and Apple filed a request for invalidation of the patents involved with the Patent Reexamination Board of the State Intellectual Property Office. In 2016 and 2017, the Patent Reexamination Board made a conclusion to maintain the validity of the patents involved.

　　Li Yi, patent director of Xidian Jietong Company, said that the benefits of a network security protocol technology will be about 10 to 15 years later, while the patent is only valid for 20 years. In this case, the efficiency of intellectual property protection is very important. A realistic challenge is: globally, the ICT field is the hardest hit area where large enterprises abuse their dominant position. They implement patent reverse hijacking, and the problem of customers bullying stores is more prominent.

　　In this regard, Huang Zhenhai, deputy general manager of Xidian Jietong Company, said: "In the application and protection of intellectual property rights, we adhere to the position of treating enterprises of all sizes, Chinese and foreign enterprises and enterprises of all ownership equally. We believe in the power of intellectual property protection! "

　　At present, Xidian Jietong Company has signed patent licensing contracts with 70 product brand manufacturers around the world, of which nearly 40% are well-known enterprises in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, and the products involved include mobile terminals, Internet of Things products and industrial equipment.

　　Increase attempts to give play to comparative advantages

　　On the road to the construction of the "Belt and Road", the challenges are also multi-faceted.

　　In 2018, Xi ‘an International Port Area set the "small goal" of running 1,000 trains in Central Europe and Central Asia, and used the PPP model for reference to determine the operation idea of "fully connecting the market, one enterprise and one line", so that powerful logistics enterprises can participate in the operation of trains by contracting lines. Liu Dan, deputy general manager of Xi ‘an land port Multimodal Transport Company, said that at present, China Merchants Group, Continental Bridge Company, Land Port Multimodal Transport Company, etc. have carried out in-depth cooperation with Xi ‘an International Port Area Management Committee in the operation of trains, and made every effort to promote the encryption of trains and jointly build a brand-new logistics hub node.

　　"Being able to form economic and trade cooperation requires great demand, supply and interaction, but the development scale and economic aggregate of countries along the Silk Road are small and the pulling force is limited." Ma Lili said that Chang ‘an needs to connect with more countries, including Rotterdam, Hamburg and Germany, when it is put into operation, which will also generate greater bilateral demand and supply of goods.

　　It is reported that this year, Xi ‘an has opened two lines from Xi ‘an to Belarus, from Xi ‘an to Russia, and from Xi ‘an to Iran (Afghanistan), and eight lines have been operated in Central Asia and Central Europe.

　　"In addition, agricultural products also have its unique comparative advantages." Ma Lili said that Aiju Group has achieved a level of synergy with enterprise development, regional development and national development in the construction along the Silk Road. "This is a great progress."

　　"At present, Aiju Group has built a phase of 300,000 tons of oil processing in North Kazakhstan, which was put into production the year before last." Liu Dongmeng, deputy general manager of Xi ‘an Aiju Group, said that the Kazakhstan government attaches special importance to this project. In addition, we can also use the "Belt and Road" Chang ‘an express lane to transport Kazakhstan’s high-quality and natural raw materials and processed flour and oil back to China.

　　"Love chrysanthemum group in ‘ Belt and Road ’ The reason why we can go out in construction is because Aiju Group has been creating better grain and oil, exploring better grain sources, and increasing foreign cooperation on this basis. "

　　A hundred schools of thought contend and a hundred flowers blossom. This year marks the fifth year of the Belt and Road Initiative and the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. The "Belt and Road" construction in Shaanxi Province is entering a new stage. Faced with various challenges, Shaanxi is striving to give full play to the new advantages of the "Belt and Road" core area and the China (Shaanxi) Pilot Free Trade Zone, actively integrate into the "Belt and Road" pattern, turn challenges into opportunities, and strive to create a new pattern of linkage between land and sea and two-way mutual aid and opening up between east and west.

　　Shanghai Municipal Health and Health Commission announced this morning (13th): March 12th, 2022 0— At 24: 00, there were 1 confirmed case and 64 asymptomatic infected persons in COVID-19, of which 1 confirmed case and 60 asymptomatic infected persons were found in isolation and control, and the rest were found in the investigation of related risk groups. 13 new confirmed cases imported from COVID-19 and 1 asymptomatic infected person imported from abroad were found in closed-loop control.

　　March 12, 2022 0— At 24: 00, a new case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Shanghai.

　　This case, an 18-year-old male, lives at No.800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District. He is a close contact of a local asymptomatic infected person reported in Shanghai, that is, he was quarantined and controlled. During this period, Covid-19’s nucleic acid test result was abnormal, and the result was positive by the municipal CDC. After consultation with municipal experts, comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging examination results, the case was diagnosed as a confirmed case.

　　The close contacts of this case in Shanghai have previously implemented centralized isolation observation. Terminal disinfection has been carried out in the place where the case has been active.

　　March 12, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, there were 64 new cases of asymptomatic infection in Shanghai.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1, female, aged 39, lives at No.933 Tanggu Road, Jing ‘an District; asymptomatic infected person 2, female, aged 11, lives at Lane 1581 Chunshen Road, Minhang District; asymptomatic infected person 3, male, aged 21, lives at Lane 75 Innovation West Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 4, female, aged 47, lives at Lane 733 Yichuan Road, Jing ‘an District; asymptomatic infected person 5. Male, 31 years old, living at No.1377 Luoxiu Road, Minhang District, asymptomatic 7, female, 38 years old, living at Lane 555, Hexia Road, Jiading District, asymptomatic 8, female, 74 years old, asymptomatic 9, female, 52 years old, asymptomatic 10, female, asymptomatic. Living in Lane 2517 of Husong Highway in Songjiang District, there are 12 asymptomatic infected persons, female, 60 years old, 13 asymptomatic infected persons, female, 54 years old, living in No.388 Xujiahui Road in Huangpu District, 14 asymptomatic infected persons, male, 10 years old, living in Lane 1288 of Nanyang Bay Road in Jinshan District, and 15 asymptomatic infected persons, male. Living in Hengpu Village, Jinshan District, 17 asymptomatic patients, male, 63 years old, living in Lane 257, Danxiashan Road, Baoshan District, 18 asymptomatic patients, female, 66 years old,Living in Lane 612, Shunchang Road, Huangpu District, 19 asymptomatic infected persons, male, 38 years old, living in No.282, Nanchang Road, Huangpu District, 20 asymptomatic infected persons, female, 4 years old, living in Lane 901, Songfa Road, Baoshan District, asymptomatic infected persons, 21 female, 59 years old, living in Lane 901, Songfa Road, Baoshan District, asymptomatic infected persons, 22 female, 57 years old. Living in the dormitory of China Railway Fourth Bureau, Jianchuan Road, Minhang District, asymptomatic 24, female, 46 years old, asymptomatic 25, male, 34 years old, asymptomatic 26, male, 41 years old, asymptomatic 27, male, living in the dormitory of China Railway Fourth Bureau, Jianchuan Road, Minhang District. Asymptomatic infected person 28, male, 19 years old, lives at No.800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District; asymptomatic infected person 29, female, 31 years old, lives at Lane 1989, Long Xuan Road, Jinshan District; asymptomatic infected person 30, female, 36 years old, lives at Lane 780, Wulian Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 31, female, 53 years old, lives at Lane 729, Lijin Road, Pudong New Area. Asymptomatic infected person 33, female, aged 10, lives in Lane 115, Jialin Road, Pudong New Area, and asymptomatic infected person 34, male, aged 5, lives in Lane 95, Gongming Road, Pudong New Area.Asymptomatic infected person 35, female, 5 years old, living in Lane 685, Tingyue Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 36, female, 6 years old, living in Lane 1205, Tingyue Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 37, male, 5 years old, living in Lane 685, Tingyue Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 38, male, 5 years old, living in No.818, Chengnan Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 39. Asymptomatic infected person 40, male, 6 years old, living in Lane 2600, Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 41, female, 6 years old, living in Lane 960, Tingyue Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 42, female, 5 years old, living in Lane 60, Gongming Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 43, male, 5 years old, living in Lane 685, Tingyue Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 44. Asymptomatic infected person 45, male, 5 years old, living in Lane 79, Gonghai Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 46, female, 32 years old, living in Lane 77, Tingchao South Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 47, male, 30 years old, living in Lane 77, Tingchao South Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 48, female, 51 years old, living in Xiatang Group 1, Fulan Village, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 49. Asymptomatic infected person 50, female, 43 years old, lives in Lane 685, Tingyue Road, Pudong New Area, and asymptomatic infected person 51, male, 11 years old, lives in Lane 1260, Huaxia East Road, Pudong New Area.Asymptomatic infected person 52, male, 41 years old, living in Lane 384, Muping Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 53, male, 34 years old, living in Lane 500, Huamu Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 54, female, 13 years old, living in Lane 200, Huaxia Second Road, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person 55, male, 44 years old, living in Lane 2778, Pudong Avenue, Pudong New Area; asymptomatic infected person. Living in Lane 183, Yuntai Road, Pudong New Area, 57 asymptomatic patients, male, 54 years old, living in Lane 667, Jufeng Road, Pudong New Area, 58 asymptomatic patients, female, 53 years old, asymptomatic patients, 59 female, 35 years old, living in Lane 616, Tongji Road, Pudong New Area, and 60 asymptomatic patients, female, 8 years old, living in Qinqin, Pudong New Area. After consultation with municipal experts and comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 61, male, 58 years old, living at No.193 Xiehe Road, Changning District, asymptomatic infected person 62, female, 34 years old, family members of medical personnel from other provinces coming to Shanghai, asymptomatic infected person 63, female, 30 years old, living in Zhangjiazhai, Qizao North, Chuansha Sixth Regiment, Pudong New Area, asymptomatic infected person 64, female, 35 years old, living in the dormitory of No.199 Fenju Road, Pudong New Area. The results of review by the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention were positive. After consultation with municipal experts and comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging examination results, it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　At present, 13 close contacts of the above asymptomatic infected people in this city have been tracked, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented. Terminal disinfection has been carried out in places where asymptomatic infected people have been active.

　　March 12, 2022 0— At 2400 hours, through the joint prevention and control mechanism at the port, Shanghai reported 13 newly confirmed cases of imported COVID-19. Twenty-six new cases were cured and discharged, including 17 from Hong Kong, China, 2 from the United States, 2 from Taiwan Province, 1 from Ghana, 1 from Singapore, 1 from Canada, 1 from Japan and 1 from the United Arab Emirates.

　　Case 1, a China resident, started from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 1, 2022. After entering the customs, he was kept in isolated observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 2, a native of China, worked in Hong Kong, set out from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 4, 2022. After entering the customs, he was placed in centralized isolation and observed, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 3 and Case 4, all of whom are China nationals and temporarily reside in Hong Kong, started from Hong Kong and took the same flight. They arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 4, 2022, and were kept in isolated observation immediately after entering the customs, during which symptoms appeared. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 5, a Japanese national, worked in Japan, set out from Japan and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 4, 2022. After entering the customs, he was kept in isolated observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 6, a China citizen who lives in Hong Kong temporarily, started from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on February 26th, 2022. After entering the customs, he was placed under centralized isolation observation. Before the isolation was lifted, he was sent to a designated medical institution for isolation investigation. After consultation by the expert group, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case by comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging examination results.

　　Case 7, a native of China, visited relatives in the United States, set out from the United States and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 5, 2022. After entering the customs, he was kept in isolated observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 8, a native of China, studied in Hong Kong, set out from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 5, 2022. After entering the customs, he was put under centralized isolation observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 9, a China resident, started from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 6, 2022. After entering the customs, he was kept in isolated observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 10, a native of China, worked in Japan, set out from Japan and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 8, 2022. After entering the customs, he was put under centralized isolation observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 11, a native of China, worked in Germany, set out from Germany and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 8, 2022. After entering the customs, he was placed in centralized isolation and observed, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 12, a China citizen, worked in Israel, started from Israel and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 9, 2022. Due to symptoms, she was sent to a designated medical institution for quarantine observation. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Case 13, a native of China, worked in Papua New Guinea, departed from Papua New Guinea, transited through Australia, and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 9, 2022. After entering the customs, he was kept in isolated observation, during which he developed symptoms. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as confirmed cases.

　　Thirteen confirmed cases imported from abroad have been transferred to designated medical institutions for treatment, and 190 people who have been in close contact with the flight have been tracked, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented.

　　March 12, 2022 0— At 24: 00, there was a new case of asymptomatic imported infection in Shanghai.

　　The asymptomatic infected person, a China citizen, studied in Hong Kong, set out from Hong Kong and arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on March 8, 2022. After entering the customs, he was placed in centralized isolation and observed, during which routine nucleic acid tests were abnormal. After investigation, the results of Covid-19 nucleic acid test in the District CDC were positive. Comprehensive epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging results, etc., were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　The imported asymptomatic infected person has been transferred to designated medical institutions for medical observation, and 26 people who have been in close contact with the flight have been tracked, and centralized isolation observation has been implemented.

　　March 12, 2022 0— At 24: 00, Shanghai released medical observation on 11 imported asymptomatic infected people.

　　By 24: 00 on March 12, 2022, 432 cases were diagnosed locally, 385 cases were cured and discharged, 40 cases were treated in hospital and 7 cases died. There are 0 suspected cases to be investigated.

　　By 24: 00 on March 12, 2022, there were 4,329 confirmed cases imported from abroad, 3,728 cases were discharged and 601 cases were treated in hospital. There are 4 suspected cases to be investigated.

　　As of 24: 00 on March 12, 2022, there were 686 asymptomatic infected people under medical observation, including 512 asymptomatic infected people in China and 174 asymptomatic infected people imported from abroad.

　　(Headquarters reporter Wang Dianjia Yang Jing)

September 29, 2007 Caizong [2007] No.55

China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center, Sports Lottery Management Center of the State Sports General Administration, and Finance Departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government:
　　In recent years, with the joint efforts of finance and civil affairs at all levels, sports departments and lottery agencies, the lottery market has developed steadily and rapidly, and the scale of lottery sales has steadily expanded, which has promoted the development of social welfare, public sports and other social welfare undertakings. However, there are still some problems in the current lottery issuance and sales, mainly because some lottery institutions or units use the Internet, telephone purchasing and other means to sell lottery tickets without approval, some lottery sales outlets are not standardized, and there are irrational bets by lottery buyers in some places. In order to further strengthen the management of lottery issuance and sales, and promote the safe operation and stable and healthy development of the lottery market, relevant issues are hereby notified as follows:
　　First, conscientiously implement the provisions of the national lottery management system, and effectively strengthen the management of lottery issuance and sales.
　　China Welfare Lottery and China Sports Lottery are national lottery tickets approved by the State Council. Finance, civil affairs and sports departments at all levels, especially lottery institutions at all levels, should fully understand the significance and role of national lottery issuance under the new situation, always put social responsibility in the first place, conscientiously implement the provisions of the national lottery management system, and ensure the smooth progress of lottery issuance and sales. All kinds of lottery game rules and distribution and sales methods must be reported to the Ministry of Finance for examination and approval by lottery issuers according to the prescribed procedures. Without the approval of the Ministry of Finance, no lottery ticket may be listed, issued and sold. For any organization or individual outside the lottery institution to issue lottery tickets without approval or in disguised form, or to sell lottery tickets by means of the Internet, local financial departments should strengthen cooperation with public security, telecommunications, civil affairs, sports, industry and commerce departments, intensify investigation and punishment, and resolutely ban them. The behavior of lottery agencies to sell lottery tickets by means of Internet and telephone purchasing shall be regulated by the Ministry of Finance in consultation with public security, civil affairs, sports and other departments to study and formulate specific management measures. China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center and Sports Lottery Management Center of the State Sports General Administration should organize a special inspection as soon as possible before the end of November 2007, and put forward handling opinions and report them to the Ministry of Finance according to the inspection.
　　Two, strengthen the sales management of all kinds of lottery games, from the source to prevent the risk of lottery sales.
　　Lottery agencies at all levels should standardize the management of all kinds of lottery games in accordance with the provisions of the national lottery management system, and at the same time, they should focus on strengthening the sales management of fixed return lottery games, online instant lottery games and fast lottery games. For fixed prize-returning lottery games, we should strictly control the entry of suspicious funds into the lottery market and the large amount of bets made by lottery buyers by limiting the number and number of bets. For online instant lottery tickets, we should focus on standardized management, strictly examine and approve the sales hall, standardize the construction and operation behavior of the sales hall, control the scale of game participants, strengthen the monitoring of sales, and ensure the safe sales and healthy development of online instant lottery tickets. For fast lottery games with a lottery period of less than one hour, we should ensure the safety of sales data and lottery equipment and prevent financial risks. China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center and Sports Lottery Management Center of the State Sports General Administration shall, according to the sales situation of various lottery games in this system, formulate specific management measures respectively and report them to the Ministry of Finance for the record and implementation before the end of November 2007.
　　Three, strengthen the management of lottery outlets, standardize the sales behavior of sales outlets.
　　Lottery agencies around the country should implement quota sales management for lottery sales outlets according to the sales situation of various lottery tickets. If the sales amount of lottery sales outlets exceeds the sales quota, it must be reported to the lottery agency in a timely manner. After the lottery agency verifies that there is no suspicious situation, the sales quota can be appropriately adjusted, and a reference system for adjustment can be established. The specific management measures shall be formulated by local lottery institutions and reported to the finance department at the same level and the lottery issuing institution at the next higher level for the record before implementation. Lottery sales outlets shall, in accordance with the unified requirements of lottery institutions, post the propaganda language of the national lottery issuance purpose, the warning language of "prohibiting minors from buying lottery tickets" and the warning language of rational lottery purchase in a conspicuous position, and shall not arbitrarily post, sell and distribute advertisements, newspapers and publications related to lottery tickets beyond the unified requirements of lottery institutions, and shall not use the Internet and other sales methods to sell national lottery tickets, or sell any lottery-related products and services other than national lottery tickets, such as special code recommendation and shrinking service. Anyone who finds the above violations in the lottery sales outlets must be dealt with severely according to the regulations to effectively maintain the normal order of the lottery market.
　　Four, adhere to the correct propaganda and public opinion orientation, and maintain the image and reputation of the national lottery.
　　Financial departments and lottery agencies at all levels should adhere to the correct direction of lottery propaganda, publicize that the purpose of issuing lottery tickets is to raise funds to develop social welfare undertakings and promote social civilization and progress, publicize the national lottery management system and lottery fund allocation policy, publicize the examples and effects of lottery public welfare funds supporting various social welfare undertakings and solving people’s practical difficulties, and publicize the healthy lottery consumption concept of "many people buy less and buy lottery rationally". Lottery agencies at all levels to carry out lottery promotion activities and major publicity activities, should be reported to the finance department at the same level for approval and implementation. The promotion and publicity activities of various lottery games should focus on the objective explanation and explanation of the game characteristics, distribution methods, sales and winning prizes, and should not be misleading, exaggerating and confusing, investment and wealth propaganda, and exclusive and defamatory propaganda against peers. Lottery agencies at all levels should arrange special personnel to closely follow and pay attention to the propaganda trends of various media, keep a high degree of vigilance against activities such as paid number recommendation and winning prediction through various media, and expose the situation that any organization or individual outside the lottery agency embezzles the name of the lottery agency to make false propaganda and deceive lottery buyers in a timely manner through various channels; If a crime is involved, it should be reported to the public security organ.
　　Five, establish and improve the reporting system of major issues in the lottery market, strengthen the daily supervision and management of lottery sales.
　　Lottery agencies at all levels should further improve the weekly, monthly and annual report system of lottery issuance and sales and fund collection in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Interim Provisions on the Management of Lottery Issuance and Sales (Caizong [2002] No.13), and establish a reporting system and emergency handling mechanism for abnormal lottery issuance and sales. Provincial lottery institutions shall report to the financial department at the same level and the central lottery institutions in a timely manner in case of major events and emergencies; After receiving the report, local financial departments and central lottery institutions should actively take measures to guide and urge provincial lottery institutions to actively and steadily handle major issues and emergencies, and report the relevant situation to the Ministry of Finance in a timely manner. Financial departments at all levels should strengthen the organization, coordination and daily supervision and management of lottery issuance and sales management, fund and financial management, safety technology management, publicity and promotion by establishing regular and irregular deliberation mechanisms with lottery institutions, in-depth investigation and inspection of lottery sales outlets, etc.
　　Six, strengthen the lottery market supervision mechanism, increase the crackdown on illegal lottery.
　　Local financial departments should pay close attention to the dynamics of the lottery market, track and analyze the new situations and new problems in lottery issuance and sales, study and put forward countermeasures in time, and enrich personnel in time according to the development needs of the local lottery market, strengthen supervision power, gradually explore the establishment of supervision mechanisms before, during and after the event, continuously improve the technical ability and professional level of supervision, and improve supervision efficiency. We should gradually explore the establishment of a comprehensive, objective and fair lottery publicity channel and the corresponding lottery publicity and supervision system, strengthen the supervision of lottery publicity, grasp the guidance of lottery publicity, and prevent illegal publicity materials and fraudulent information from misleading the masses and affecting social stability. It is necessary to study and establish a long-term mechanism to crack down on illegal lottery in conjunction with public security, industry and commerce, civil affairs, sports and other departments, and carry out targeted special crackdowns in accordance with the principle of combining unblocking with comprehensive management to create a good external environment for the healthy development of the lottery market. Financial departments at all levels can, in light of local conditions, arrange certain funds from the lottery issuance fees, establish special funds for cracking down on illegal lottery activities, set up rewards for reporting illegal lottery activities, and ensure the effectiveness of cracking down on illegal lottery activities.

　　CC: Ministry of Civil Affairs, State Sports General Administration.