People’s Daily Online, September 15 th, 15 days of sweating, more than 10 countries competed in the same field, 12 major events, 10 groups won the second place, and 3 individual champions. This is the report card handed over by China soldiers in the 2015 international military competition.

In this international competition sponsored by the Russian Ministry of Defence, a special warfare regiment and an infantry brigade in shenyang military area command sent officers and men to represent China’s army in the "reconnaissance vanguard" and "suvorov assault" competitions. The team members fought in the international arena with the good appearance of a new generation of revolutionary soldiers with "four haves", and made a wonderful appearance on the world stage with excellent military literacy and good style image, which not only polished the shining business cards of China soldiers, but also won honor and respect for the motherland and the army.

In the mid-autumn season, the team members who returned with honors had a random discussion with their comrades-in-arms in the military honor history museum, in front of the competition photos, beside the trophies and gold medals, and beside the armored chariots, and started a big discussion on the experience of going to Russia to participate in the "2015 International Military Competition".

The "Reconnaissance Elite" competition has been implemented in five stages, which is fierce and cruel as actual combat-

Can the "Devil Race" scare off China soldiers?

The officers and men replied: On behalf of the motherland in the international arena, no matter how difficult or dangerous, we will go forward bravely.

"This champion is the only one in the five stages of the competition that has not been deducted and has the best color." At the beginning of the discussion, Yu Yuanshui, the leader of the delegation of the "Scouting Elite" competition and the head of a special operations team, said with great pride with the trophy of "Victory Will" in his hand. "At that time, after the competition, Major General Marusin, the Russian chief referee, said to us,’ You are the well-deserved first place, congratulations!’ "

The competition of "Scout Elite" is divided into five stages, namely, landing by plane and marching in a hurry, crossing the comprehensive obstacle of "scout path", driving by a chariot, shooting, and entering the assembly area after completing the task. It is implemented continuously and comprehensively tests the technical indicators of scouts in the form of a closed-loop task, which is called "Devil’s Race".

In the face of many strong teams sent by Russian, Belarusian and other countries, the officers and men of the regiment, who played on behalf of China, withstood the test of various unfavorable factors, fought bravely and dared to win, and staged bloody assaults again and again with excellent quality and excellent style.

"During the competition, when I was crossing the sewer, I hit my head on an obstacle and suddenly my blood flowed downwards." During the discussion, Cheng Yong, a team member of the regiment and a company sergeant of the First Battalion of Special Operations, took out a blood-stained military cap and said, "At that time, I put my spare gloves on the wound on my head, tied them tightly with my hat and insisted on completing the game. When I reached the finish line, the whole hat was red with blood. "

At the discussion site, the team members stepped forward one after another and told their stories during the contest. On the big screen, videos and photos of their contests were continuously scrolled. When ambushing battles, military swimming and crossing obstacles, the officers and men on the scene were deeply shocked by the footage and pictures of the players sweating like rain and even fainting from shock.

"On behalf of the motherland, no matter how difficult and dangerous the competition is, we must face up to the difficulties and go forward bravely …" During the discussion, Xiao Liang, a team member and a company sergeant of the first special warfare battalion of the regiment, said that on the morning of August 10, in the final stage of the competition of "scouts", 10 members of the regiment gave their lives to fight for water barriers and communication.

"I am convinced that you won the first place, which is equivalent to the boxer really knocking his opponent down." After the game, Lieutenant Colonel Yuva, the captain of the training team of the Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School, who ranked second, gave them a thumbs-up and praised them.

Being at the discussion site, listening to such a bloody story, watching the team members’ nearly ground camouflage uniforms and land boots displayed in the history museum of the regiment, Yang Guanyu, a special soldier of the regiment, was deeply touched. When conducting special warfare training again, he worked overtime to practice climbing skills with poor coordination between his hands and feet, and the palm of his hand was grinded with a big blood bubble by the rope and still kept on, which simply improved his training performance for several seconds.

Equipment is the carrier of combat effectiveness, and the chariots with different overall performance are used to compete-

Sword is not as good as man, how is swordsmanship better than man, and how is firm but gentle better than man.

The officers and men replied: Give full play to people’s ability, the performance of equipment, and the efficiency of combining people with equipment.

China is the only country that has brought its own domestic equipment to participate in the competition, and all the equipment is the active equipment of the participating troops. The 86A-step chariot equipped by a certain mechanized brigade representing China in the "suvorov Assault" competition is not an advanced chariot of our army. The overall performance of BMP-2-step chariot in Russian competition is ahead of our army’s generation.

"The sword is not as good as people, the swordsmanship can’t be inferior to people, and the shock wave can’t be inferior to people!" During the discussion, Duan Jiabao, the commander of the brigade 616 and the platoon leader of the 1st Battalion, pointed to an honorary chariot in the parking lot and said, "Equipment is the carrier of combat effectiveness. Equipment is not as good as people. If you want to achieve good results, you must bring people’s ability to the limit, the performance of equipment to the limit, and the efficiency of combining people with equipment to the limit!"

Listening to Duan Jiabao’s speech, the thoughts of the participating officers and men floated back to the competition site.

On the morning of August 11th, local time, the "suvorov Assault" competition, the highlight of this international military competition, ushered in the final battle: China, Russian and Venezuelan three-nation infantry fighting vehicles launched the final duel and competed in the relay race.

The track and obstacle course settings of this competition are close to or reach the limit index of Russian-made equipment, and some indexes exceed the design limit of Chinese equipment. For example, the cliff obstacle, the design index of the 86A-step chariot is 90cm, and the obstacle exceeds 1m. During the pre-war mobilization, Huang Qingli, the leader of the China team and the brigade commander, encouraged the officers and men: "Don’t be afraid of strong players, dare to fight to win, dare to break through the limit, and try your best to win the final victory!"

At 10 o’clock in the morning, the game officially began. The No.616 86A infantry fighting vehicle, which the brigade played on behalf of China, roared out with its head high under the control of Duan Jiabao, gunner Chen Jingtao and driver Lu Bo.

Rolling roads, right-angle bends, side slopes, cliff walls, waterways, minefield passages, earth ridges, anti-tank trenches, rutting bridges, and obstacles are left behind by China chariots advancing at high speed; Point-blank, side-shot, one by one, the targets were wiped out by the cannon of the chariot.

"At that time, our car groups really put people’s ability to the limit, the performance of equipment to the limit, and the efficiency of combining people and equipment to the limit!" During the discussion, Chen Jingtao, the gunner of the 616 car and the sergeant of the Fifth Company of the Second Battalion, recalled the scene at that time and said that in the face of the cliff with a height exceeding the obstacle-surmounting performance of the equipment by 30 cm, they walked with full horsepower and high speed. The 86A-step chariot was designed to run at a speed of 65 kilometers per hour. They combined human and equipment to give full play to their maximum efficiency, and actually ran out of the top speed of 72 kilometers per hour.

"Dozens of meters of wading roads, we entered at high speed and rushed up a huge splash; The undulating roads that destroyed the most vehicles and the anti-tank trenches that easily hit the wall, other teams slowed down, and only the China chariot we drove passed by like lightning. " Lu Bo, the team member and driver of the 616 car, took the opportunity to say proudly, "All the 40 obstacles in the relay race were conquered by our China chariot!"

At the end of the first lap, the local people in the stands were amazed. They found that China’s 86A infantry fighting vehicle, under the control of lightly loaded and confident China soldiers, became a dark horse on the field, playing accurately and driving fast, and even threw the advanced Russian locomotive group over 100 meters!

"Our performance was amazing and the Russian team was unexpected." Huang Qingli, the brigade commander who led the team to participate in the competition, said with great pride that Major General Bafu Lavschi, the chief referee of this competition, paid special tribute to us after the competition: "The performance of the equipment of China’s troops participating in the competition is not as good as ours, but the training level is very high, which left a deep impression on me. Congratulations on your good results! "

Frequent temporary changes in rules and unfavorable rulings in strong hand-to-hand confrontation-

In adversity, how to show the bearing and image of China soldiers?

The officers and men replied: It is both reasonable and overall, and the frequent change of rules does not hinder the confidence of China soldiers.

The 2015 international military competition is a stage to show the image of our soldiers to the world. Among more than 10 participating countries, China Legion is undoubtedly the most concerned team. From the moment they set foot on Russian soil, every move of China soldiers attracted people’s attention.

"The international military competition is a game for the brave, and the soldiers of no country don’t want to win the competition. The China Legion is a delegation that participated in more projects in this competition and was also regarded as a’ strong enemy’ by the host Russian team. " During the discussion, Zhang Liguo, the deputy brigade commander of an airplane brigade who was the leader of the organizing team, said that in addition to many difficulties such as transportation, language and diet, the uncertainty of the competition rules was the biggest disadvantage they faced, and sometimes the rules were still changing until the day before the competition.

Although the officers and men participating in each competition are fully psychologically prepared, there are still "accidents" in the course of the competition. In this regard, Liu Yanwu, the participating driver who has personal experience, said in the discussion that in the "suvorov Assault" competition, the shooting target can bounce up as soon as Russian tanks and chariots are in place, but we often have to wait for a while to see the shooting target bounce up after China tanks and chariots are in place.

Coincidentally. When the teammates finished loading in 25 seconds, they were far ahead of other teams that took about two minutes. The organizer unexpectedly cancelled the timing of the loading session on the grounds that "you loaded the bomb too fast and it was unfair to other teams".

This made the brigade commander Huang Qingli very puzzled: "It is fast to reload and has strong survivability on the battlefield. The loading speed of our soldiers is practiced by taking off several layers of skin in the palm of your hand. " But the appeal was invalid, and China’s lead of more than 1 minute was cancelled.

In fact, in the competition, all the teams in China encountered difficulties in rules and rulings to varying degrees. According to statistics, as many as 34 rules were temporarily changed before the competition, and 9 rules were still being revised during the competition.

"These difficulties will inevitably be encountered in the process of implementing the strategic thinking of’ military forces going global’ in China." During the discussion, Qin Haiping, director of the brigade’s political department, said that the international military competition has given us an opportunity to train. The main purpose of participating in the competition is not only to compete for the ranking, to test our actual combat ability, to learn from the useful experience of foreign troops, and to consolidate cooperation and friendship with foreign troops, but also to be more important than the results of the competition.

Facts have proved that China soldiers overcame difficulties in unfamiliar environment and showed the comprehensive quality of our army. Faced with all kinds of unfavorable factors, the officers and men participating in the competition not only argued for their own rights and interests, but also took care of the overall situation and remained calm, which showed the confidence and tolerance of China soldiers. In the competition, they played their due level with excellent quality, and shocked the audience many times to set the "limit speed" and hit the "precise shooting".

"At the scene of the competition, foreign soldiers often take the initiative to praise the outstanding performance of our players. Some people are interested in China equipment and even climb into the cockpit to see what happened." Wen Jianxin, an engineer of the 1st Battalion of the Brigade, who is responsible for the training and guidance of the competition, said, "As soon as our drivers in China finished the competition, they were surrounded by Russian people for a group photo. The young soldiers in China smiled and behaved appropriately, and became the messengers of China culture."

The arrival of China’s army also made local Chinese and overseas Chinese particularly excited. Many Chinese provided vehicles, drinking water and Chinese food for the participating troops free of charge, helped translate Russian materials, and held high the national flag to cheer. Some overseas Chinese said, "The arrival of China soldiers has made the word motherland more vivid and concrete, and let us really feel that the motherland is really strong!" (Li Xianghui, Gu Changlong, Ma Yibo) 　 　

　　September is the annual "research-preserving season", and summer camps closely related to "research-preserving" have blossomed all over the country as early as the summer vacation in July has just arrived. To this end, many junior students made preparations early, from drawing up the research direction to preparing materials, from understanding the situation of tutors to "ensnaring" possible tutors on the Internet, and some students have already started planning since March of that year or even earlier.

　　There is always a question that haunts the students’ minds: after obtaining the qualification of recommended graduate students, should they be "guaranteed inside" or "guaranteed outside"? Do you want to stay in your alma mater, with the familiar departments and teachers, and continue to study deeply on the solid foundation of undergraduate course? Or do you choose to go to another university to show academic vitality in generate from a different perspective in a brand-new academic atmosphere and environment?

　　Choice is very important for the development of a person’s life. If a student has the ambition to grow into a top innovative talent in the future, what choice should he make at the key node of "insurance research" in the long run?

　　As a representative of top-notch innovative talent groups — — The growth experience of academicians is undoubtedly very representative. The author is interested in all academicians — — A total of 2,495 people (referring to academicians of China Academy of Engineering, China Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences who received undergraduate education in China — — The author’s note) has been sorted out, and the academicians who have been repeatedly counted, the academicians who graduated before 1949, and the academicians who have no postgraduate education have been removed, and 1068 valid samples have been obtained. The author analyzes the growth process of 1068 academicians and tries to explore the educational growth path of top-notch innovative talents.

　　Eighty percent of academicians have experienced cross-institutional study.

　　The author calls the experience of academicians studying in different colleges and universities in the three stages of undergraduate, master and doctoral education as having academic heterogeneity. In a more popular language, it means that academicians study in different schools at different stages of education, and they are not single-minded on the road of academic growth.

　　After dividing the educational experience of academicians, the author found that only 204 academicians received a complete academic education from undergraduate to master’s or even doctoral level in the same school, accounting for nearly 20% of all valid samples; However, eight adults, that is, 864 academicians, have experienced at least one environmental change in the three stages of undergraduate, master and doctor, and many people have experienced two changes.

　　In addition to the relevant data of academicians’ resumes, many academicians’ memories of their early study career also confirm the close relationship between study experience and innovation in different schools at different stages. Zhai Zhong, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, recalled his study career in the Soviet Union in his later years. At that time, the genetics of the Soviet Union was divided into two opposing factions. The director of the teaching and research section he studied and his tutor belonged to different factions, and he learned nutrients from the two factions respectively. Academician Zhai said frankly, "This is very helpful for my later study, and I support it very much ‘ A hundred schools of thought contend and a hundred flowers blossom ’ 。” Fu Yibei, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, studied successively in Sichuan Institute of Chemical Technology, the Department of Chemistry of Leningrad University and the nuclear chemical engineering major (nuclear fuel processing technology major) of Leningrad Soviet Institute of Technology, and obtained an associate doctor’s degree in May 1960 before finally transferring to his successful research field.

　　There are also many academicians who believe that the key to their success lies in following many different excellent tutors during their studies in different schools. Liang Jingkui, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, said in his memoirs, "At the beginning of my different studies and work, my knowledgeable and tireless teachers laid a solid foundation for me to engage in research work in interdisciplinary fields and successfully complete scientific research." Li Hongzhong, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, also believes that he studied in Taiyuan Institute of Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy of China Academy of Sciences, and University of British Columbia, and met three outstanding scientist mentors, namely Yang Guilin, Guo Musun and J.R. Grace, which made his research vision always at the forefront of science. Liu Zhongfan, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, studied in Jilin Institute of Technology, Yokohama National University of Japan and Tokyo University of Japan, and successively obtained bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees, and worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Molecular Science of Tokyo University. Fujishima Akira, a doctoral supervisor, benefited him a lot and became a turning point in his research. Mr. Inokuchi Hiroo, the tutor of postdoctoral roving station, once again refreshed his understanding of science.

　　The above empirical data show that, as a top-notch innovative talent group in China, most academicians have experienced cross-institutional study and have broad academic vision and research experience gained from many institutions. Memoirs of academicians also explain the relationship between academic mobility and academic achievements to some extent.

　　The more frequent academic mobility, the higher academic productivity.

　　Another study takes 229 young Yangtze scholars in China as the research object, and it is also found that most scholars have frequent academic mobility during their undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral education, and scholars studying in three colleges and universities have the shortest time to carry out independent scientific research during their academic career development; The mobility between different schools and the experience of studying abroad are beneficial for scholars to learn new ways of thinking and knowledge structure in their growth stage through diverse educational models and learning atmosphere.

　　In 2013, Horton, a scholar at the University of Hong Kong, conducted a study on the relationship between academic mobility and academic productivity, and found that the mobility experience in the early stage of an individual’s academic career is closely related to his lifelong academic behavior and academic output. Lack of mobility will lead to low academic productivity. At the same time, he also found that the difference of academic productivity between those who only "flow" once and those who don’t "flow" is not obvious, and education policy should focus on "shortening" the time of academic inbreeding and other possibilities.

　　It can be seen that many top-notch innovative talents have experienced at least one academic flow in their growth. What are the reasons behind it?

　　The author analyzes: first, the restriction of paradigm trap. Studying in different regions and colleges is helpful for students to acquire various and diverse knowledge and ideas; Learning with tutors in different directions and ideas makes individuals avoid the cover of academic views formed by long-term follow-up with fixed teachers or teacher groups, and avoid falling into the "paradigm trap" formed by long-term repeated training. Especially at present, the demand for compound talents is getting stronger and stronger, and the limited academic vision and relatively single knowledge structure can no longer meet the rapid development of science and technology. If students’ academic education is completed in the same school, to some extent, the probability of growing into top-notch innovative talents will be greatly reduced.

　　Second, the cognitive logic of cognitive psychology. Human memory is organized and connected according to meaning. Every time an individual accepts a new kind of knowledge, a new neuron will be activated in his mind, forming a radially connected node around its core concept. When individuals accept the same (or similar) domain knowledge in the future, they will extend out near the original activated neurons, activate more neurons and establish connection paths to expand that node. When two activated neurons are very close, it is possible for an individual to spontaneously establish a connection pathway between these two neurons. Innovation often occurs in the process of knowledge reconstruction in unknown fields and the establishment of connection paths between nodes that are not related to each other. The author believes that the significance of inter-school mobility is helpful for individuals to establish more nerve connection channels. In-depth study in the same school and the same field will certainly help the brain to continuously activate more neurons, so that the neurons connected to this node will increase on the original basis and its radius will continue to expand; However, the mobility between schools and disciplines can make individuals look at the same phenomenon from different perspectives and get rid of the original knowledge structure.

　　Third, increase opportunities and moments related to academic creativity. The idea of the education system of "integration of undergraduate and research" in talent training is linear, that is, students are expected to find their own "interests" from the beginning of undergraduate courses, and then become the kind of people we want them to become smoothly along their own ideals. But in fact, people’s interests, ideals and even people themselves are changing and developing all their lives, and they will face different opportunities and challenges in different periods. Only the changing environment will increase such opportunities.

　　Some students may think that China’s academic circles have a "circle" culture. If they study in other universities, they will not be able to establish a deeper relationship with their original teachers and enter the "circle" of scholars at their alma mater. But in fact, only when Baoyan chooses other universities will it know more other scholars, which will change its growth environment and bring different information, knowledge and multiple perspectives, which will help to develop its thinking and academic ability, avoid the cover of a single academic perspective, and also help to broaden its academic contacts.

　　In many colleges and universities, the atmosphere of "protecting the interior" is prevalent.

　　At present, the current situation of exemption in Chinese universities is not optimistic. Many colleges and universities tend to recruit students from their own schools because of the consideration of students source and enrollment cost. In addition, in recent years, the task of scientific research in colleges and universities has become heavier and heavier, and the pressure of "double-first-class" evaluation has increased, and the demand for "graduate labor" in colleges and universities has increased day by day. Students in our school can take part in the work as research assistants if they are arrogant, and our school has prevented students from "using" and "getting started", which has led to the growing atmosphere of "protecting the interior" in many colleges and universities.

　　Judging from the composition of the inflow of colleges and universities (the proportion of the source schools that colleges and universities receive students), relevant data show that a university in Beijing plans to accept a total of 3,120 recommended graduate students in 2018, including 2,195 master students and 925 doctoral students from 162 universities across the country, including 795 master students and 242 doctoral students from the university, accounting for 33.24% of the total places.

　　Judging from the composition of the outflow from colleges and universities (the proportion of students going to other colleges and universities), the employment quality report released by various schools shows that among the 2018 undergraduate and master graduates of a university in Shanghai, 1961 people chose to study in China, of which 1743 people chose to study in our school, accounting for 88.88%; Among the 2018 graduates of a university in East China, 2,162 undergraduates were admitted as graduate students of domestic universities or research institutions, of which 1,757 stayed in our school, accounting for 81.27%; Among the 2018 undergraduate graduates of a university in central China, 832 chose to study in China, of which 557 chose our school, accounting for 66.95%.

　　The danger of "integration of research and study" to students and universities or not yet perceived.

　　In recent years, some scholars once again put forward the "integration of undergraduate and postgraduate" training mode, in order to shorten the educational system and improve the efficiency of personnel training. Some colleges and universities have also put forward "integration of undergraduate and research" as a strategy in their first-class undergraduate education action plans.

　　The author believes that the training mode of "integration of undergraduate and research" shortens the academic system, allows students to get in touch with scientific research earlier, and avoids the "empty window period" of the last year of undergraduate course, which improves the efficiency of talent training to some extent. However, the "integration of undergraduate and graduate studies" has restricted the inter-school mobility of students, enabling them to receive undergraduate and graduate education in the same institution in the early stage of their academic career. The author thinks that for the growth of top-notch innovative talents, the "integration of research and study" model is a danger to students and universities or has not yet been perceived.

　　Postgraduate education is different from undergraduate education. Each college has its own characteristic disciplines and research directions, and there are scholars with personality. The differences in disciplines are more significant than those in colleges. Therefore, for students who have the ambition to grow into top-notch innovative talents, no matter whether they choose "postgraduate study" or apply for postgraduate study, the vision of their target universities cannot be limited to their own schools. Among them, during the postgraduate period, the academic level is more important for students’ future innovation, and students can give more consideration to disciplines and universities with the same academic level or even better level as their alma mater.

　　The national macro-education policy gives students the right to choose freely. In 2013 and 2014, the Ministry of Education issued a series of documents emphasizing that "the promotion of exemption promotes the exchange and integration of students from different colleges and universities, stimulates students’ innovative vitality, encourages interdisciplinary studies, and promotes the cultivation of compound talents", pointing out that "it is not allowed to restrict the students who are excluded from our school to apply for other graduate enrollment units in any form". "The right of candidates to choose their own volunteers should be fully respected and safeguarded, and the application for our school should not be used as a condition for selecting excluded students, nor should it be restricted in any other form. It is unreasonable and illegal for some colleges and universities to require students to be "guaranteed" in order to obtain the recommendation qualification.

　　By the end of 2014, the total number of scientific and technological human resources in China was about 81.14 million, which still maintained the position of the world’s largest country in scientific and technological human resources. However, in sharp contrast to the total number, there was a serious shortage of top scientific and technological talents, which directly led to China’s relatively weak scientific and technological innovation ability, making it difficult to truly compete and cooperate in the world. Responding to "Qian Xuesen’s question" is particularly urgent under the background of trade war and after the chip "throat" is stuck, and it shows new significance of the times. The author makes an in-depth study on the academic relationship of academicians, expecting to find a key aspect of the growth law of top-notch innovative talents, and expecting to give new inspiration to college teachers and administrators.

　　(Lu Xiaodong is a researcher at Peking University Institute of Education, and Zhang Xufei is a master student at Peking University Institute of Education)

　　In the past few days, some citizens in Zhongyuan District of Zhengzhou have reported that water is boiled with tap water at home, and the scale is more than before, and the water is slightly salty. What is going on? Is it related to the switching of the Yellow River water source in Shiyuan Waterworks? Will it have adverse effects on human health? On April 12th, the reporter specially came to Zhengzhou Stone Buddha grit chamber and Shiyuan Water Plant to answer these questions for you.

　　The Shiyuan Water Plant switched the Yellow River water, and the staff took water from the stone Buddha grit chamber for testing.

　　On the morning of April 12, the reporter came to Zhengzhou High-tech Zone. After the staff stationed here opened an iron gate, a large area of water came into view. It is the main water source of Zhengzhou Shiyuan Water Plant-the stone Buddha grit chamber.

　　On the southeast bank of the stone Buddha grit chamber, two workers from Zhengzhou Monitoring Station of the National Urban Water Supply Quality Monitoring Network are taking water, and then they will return to the laboratory to test the water quality of the raw water of the Yellow River.

　　According to the staff of Zhengzhou Water Supply Company, in 2002, the open channel of Mangshan main water conveyance canal was transformed into a concealed pipe project in Zhengzhou City, and the stone Buddha grit chamber was excavated. The stone Buddha grit chamber covers an area of 420,000 square meters, with a depth of 5 meters, a total storage capacity of 1.5 million cubic meters and an effective storage capacity of 1.25 million cubic meters. It plays a role in pre-settling, water storage and regulation during the whole water supply process. The raw water of the Yellow River is extracted from Mangshan irrigation station, and flows into this area for pre-sedimentation through more than 10 kilometers of underground pipes, then pressurized by Shifo Pumping Station, and directly transported to Shiyuan Waterworks through a 7-kilometer-long water pipeline.

　　When visiting the Shiyuan Water Plant in Zhengzhou, the reporter saw that the stone Buddha grit chamber was directly transported to the Shiyuan Water Plant through a 7-kilometer-long water pipeline. In Shiyuan Waterworks, the Yellow River water delivered from the grit chamber is introduced into a huge pool by the water intake pump station. After being processed by powdered activated carbon, pre-ozone, coagulant, sodium hypochlorite, coagulant aid, etc., it enters the clean water tank in the mechanical mixed folded plate advection sedimentation tank, and then enters the ozone contact tank, activated carbon filter and sand filter, and finally enters the water distribution network through the water supply pump station and flows into thousands of households.

　　In the pump room of the water plant, the staff of the resident laboratory of the water quality monitoring center of Zhengzhou Water Supply Company also carried out water intake testing for tap water sent to thousands of households.

　　After boiling water in some residents’ homes, the scale increases and tastes slightly salty. Why?

　　Since all the indicators of tap water are normal, why do some citizens report that in the past half month, the scale has increased after boiling water at home, and the water is slightly salty?

　　Lou Ning, director of Zhengzhou Shiyuan Water Plant, said that at 7: 55 am on March 28, the raw water pipeline of Shiyuan Water Plant, which transported the water source of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, leaked. Shiyuan Water Plant closed the water inlet valve of the water source of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in the factory area and urgently started the Yellow River water source for water supply.

　　After Shiyuan Waterworks was switched from South-to-North Water Transfer Project to Yellow River Water, the anion content in the water changed due to the difference between the two water bodies. For example, the chloride content of Danjiang water is below 10mg/L, and the chloride content of Yellow River water is 80-90 mg/L. Because of the increase of chloride content, there will be a slightly salty taste in the water. However, this change can only be recognized by people who are relatively sensitive to taste. For daily cooking, making tea and drinking coffee has little effect. "The national" Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water "stipulates that the limit of chloride is not higher than 250mg/L, and the test results of the Yellow River water source fully meet the national standards, so citizens can rest assured to drink it." Lou Ning said.

　　Why does the scale and floating objects in the water increase? Lou Ning explained that, generally speaking, natural water bodies have hardness, and the Yellow River water has high hardness. Its main components are calcium and magnesium, which exist in the form of calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate in water. When heated, it will become magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate suspension or sediment, which is commonly known as scale.

　　Among them, the indexes of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and other substances in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of Shiyuan Waterworks are kept at about 140mg/L, while the indexes of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and other substances are kept between 300 mg/L and 320 mg/L after switching to Yellow River water. However, the detection results of the above indexes are all within the limit of 450mg/L stipulated in the National Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water, so it is harmful to human body.

　　"In the past, Zhengzhou people always ate Yellow River water, but now they eat Danjiang water from the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and suddenly eat Yellow River water, so this change will happen." Lou Ning said that the water supply area of Shiyuan Waterworks is mainly to the west of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, to the south of Jinshui Road (west extension line), to the east of West Third Ring Road and to the north of South Third Ring Road. Therefore, only the citizens in this area may be affected.

　　How to ensure the water quality safety after the Shiyuan Waterworks is switched to the Yellow River water source?

　　The reporter learned that on March 28, after the raw water pipeline of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project leaked, Zhengzhou Urban Management Bureau organized the first time to carry out excavation inspection on the leaking place, and found that there were bulges and leaks in the pipeline, and other places were suspected of leaking. Zhengzhou Urban Management Bureau coordinated the ownership of the pipeline, and the municipal water conservancy department seized the time to organize emergency repair. At present, the Zhengzhou water conservancy department is still repairing the damaged pipeline, and the specific completion time is temporarily unknown.

　　How to ensure the water quality safety after the Shiyuan Waterworks is switched to the Yellow River water source? Wu Xinping, director of the Water Quality Monitoring Center of Zhengzhou Water Supply Company, said that according to the requirements, Zhengzhou Monitoring Station conducted weekly tests on 11 indicators such as permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen (in N), chemical oxygen demand and petroleum for the three surface water sources of Taohuayu Yellow River Diversion Gate, Shifo grit chamber and raw water of Shiyuan Water Plant. Twenty-nine water quality tests were conducted on three surface water sources every month, and all water quality indexes met the Class III water standard of the National Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)Ⅲ).

　　Zhengzhou monitoring station tested 42 indexes of the factory water and the end water of the pipe network in Shiyuan Waterworks. Carry out seven pipe network monitoring for the pipe network monitoring points in the region; After testing, all the measured indexes meet the limit requirements of the National Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006).

　　During the water source switching, the laboratory of water quality monitoring center of Zhengzhou Water Supply Company in Shiyuan Waterworks carried out process simulation coagulation and stirring experiments and chlorine requirement experiments on raw water entering the factory to find the best dosage of coagulant and guide the production process to add chemicals reasonably. The raw water entering the factory, the outlet of sedimentation tank, the outlet of carbon filter, the outlet of sand filter and the outlet of factory water of Shiyuan Water Plant were tested at least twice a day. The vehicle of water purification agent must be inspected to ensure that the water purification agent is qualified.

　　"From the current situation of water quality testing in the city, the water quality meets the requirements of the National Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water. Zhengzhou Water Supply Company will optimize the water treatment process, strengthen the testing of public water supply in Zhengzhou City, and ensure that the water quality of urban water supply is safe and qualified. Please feel free to drink. " Wu Xinping said.

　　The rainy season has arrived, and the whole country has ushered in a busy spring ploughing. Although this spring is unusual because of the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic, food is the foundation of the people, and farming time waits for no man. Therefore, how to prevent and control the epidemic and ensure the smooth resumption of spring ploughing has become a top priority.

　　On February 15th, the Notice on Further Improving Financial Services for Epidemic Prevention and Control issued by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission of China specifically pointed out that financial support for spring ploughing and spring planting should be increased. According to the characteristics of epidemic prevention and control in rural areas, we actively meet the needs of basic financial services in rural areas through online and offline methods. Increase the intensity of agricultural loans, and fully guarantee the demand for credit funds for agricultural and sideline products production and spring ploughing and agricultural materials supply. Encourage local banking institutions to establish a rapid response mechanism for the demand for emergency production funds of agricultural products, and support the stable supply and price of agricultural products during the epidemic.

　　"Spring ploughing this year is affected by the epidemic, agricultural products in some areas are unsalable, and some enterprises and individuals have problems in capital flow. These situations will also lead to the lack of confidence of some farmers." Dong Ximiao, chief researcher of Xinwang Bank, said in an interview with the Financial Times reporter.

　　How to meet the needs of related enterprises and farmers for spring ploughing financial services quickly and well? Recently, the Financial Times reporter learned in an interview that the banking industry has taken a series of effective measures in time to stabilize the market price of agricultural products and at the same time give farmers a reassurance.

　　Guarantee the demand for basic financial services

　　"People are mistaken for a moment, and they are mistaken for a year." Epidemic prevention cannot be relaxed, and spring ploughing cannot be delayed. Therefore, it is particularly important to know the demand of agricultural enterprises and farmers for spring ploughing financial services in time.

　　"Affected by the epidemic, the demand for financial services related to spring ploughing should increase this year compared with previous years, which requires the banking industry to understand the needs of enterprises and farmers and achieve accurate services." Dong Ximiao believes that first of all, it is necessary to raise awareness and strengthen the understanding of the importance of spring ploughing services to agricultural financial services. Banks need to know in detail the difficulties encountered by farmers in purchasing chemical fertilizers, seeds, agricultural machinery, pesticides and other necessities, and solve them in a targeted manner.

　　Yunnan Funing Xianggui Sugar Co., Ltd. is a local leading sugar enterprise. It is spring planting season, so Xianggui sugar industry urgently needs chemical fertilizer for sugarcane planting. After verifying the situation of the enterprise, Yunnan Wenshan Branch of China Construction Bank issued a network supply chain loan of 1.5 million yuan to the upstream chemical fertilizer supplier of the enterprise at the fastest speed, which helped Xianggui Sugar successfully complete the purchase of spring ploughing chemical fertilizer.

　　"In this special period, financial institutions can better provide financial services to customers through special apps such as mobile banking by means of financial technology." Dong Ximiao believes that farmers can apply for funds without leaving home, which on the one hand improves the efficiency of financial services related to spring ploughing; On the other hand, providing non-contact and zero-contact services can reduce the possibility of cross-infection.

　　"Keeping indoors for spring ploughing" is a special ploughing scene in this spring when the epidemic situation in COVID-19 suddenly broke out.

　　As the main force of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" service, Agricultural Bank of China actively develops three online businesses of "Huinong e-loan", "Huinong e-payment" and "Huinong e-business" relying on the platform of "Huinong e-link" internet financial service, helping customers to apply for loans, repay and renew loans, pay and settle accounts, purchase agricultural materials and sell agricultural products online, effectively reducing the epidemic situation and preparing seeds and medicines for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" customers. Up to now, the above three businesses have basically covered all counties in the country, and the balance of "Huinong e-loan" is 218.58 billion yuan; There are 1.4 million merchants in the county of "Huinong e-business", with a transaction volume of 51 billion yuan.

　　While doing a good job in online financial services, banks also provide timely assistance to enterprises and individuals who cannot complete their business through online channels, and provide timely credit by taking off-site applications and surveys.

　　Increase the intensity of agricultural loans.

　　While efficiently ensuring the capital demand of key epidemic prevention enterprises, the banking industry has increased the credit supply in the areas of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, helped the production of agricultural and sideline products, and ensured the demand for credit funds for the supply of agricultural materials for spring ploughing.

　　"On the basis of understanding the demand, we should increase the investment in agricultural credit." Dong Ximiao believes that "compared with previous years, the start-up time of spring ploughing in some areas this year will be affected to some extent, so enterprises and farmers will have more urgent financial needs related to spring ploughing, which has higher requirements for the time limit for business acceptance. Therefore, it is particularly important to simplify the credit procedures, optimize the loan process, open a green channel, quickly examine and approve, and send the spring ploughing credit funds to farmers in time and quickly. "

　　The Financial Times reporter learned from the Agricultural Development Bank that the bank simplified the loan procedures in time and made every effort to do a good job in credit. Since January 26th, the Agricultural Development Bank has implemented a preferential interest rate policy for enterprises engaged in spring ploughing and preparing for ploughing in major epidemic areas, put an end to blindly lending, cutting off loans and suppressing loans, and extended or renewed loans for enterprises seriously affected by the epidemic.

　　From October 1 last year to February 10 this year, the Agricultural Development Bank issued a total of 5.7 billion yuan in reserve fertilizer loans; From January 1 to February 10 this year, 2.8 billion yuan of agricultural loans for seeds, fertilizers, agricultural machinery and equipment were issued, and 3.5 billion yuan of loans for high-standard farmland construction, rural land transfer and large-scale operation were issued. As of February 10, the Agricultural Development Bank has issued a total of 12 billion yuan in loans to support spring ploughing.

　　The Financial Times reporter learned from the Agricultural Bank of China that, in combination with the large demand for farmers’ credit during the spring ploughing season, the bank actively explored the situation of agricultural machinery, pesticides, seeds and other enterprises affected by the epidemic, increased the credit scale, established a green channel, lowered the loan interest rate, and made efforts to meet the credit demand for agricultural production. Up to now, the bank’s balance of farmers’ loans is 1.65 trillion yuan, an increase of 39.7 billion yuan from the beginning of the year.

　　While increasing investment in agricultural loans, Dong Ximiao proposed that policy support should also be strengthened. "Preferential prices and preferential loan interest rates are adopted for areas and farmers seriously affected by the epidemic to help them reduce losses and reduce burdens."

　　It is reported that the Agricultural Bank of China has scientifically set various loan interest rates for spring ploughing, and the lowest executable LPR benchmark interest rate has dropped by 1 percentage point, effectively reducing the financial burden of "three rural" customers. Yang Bo, director of the financial department of agriculture, rural areas and farmers of the Postal Savings Bank, said that the Postal Savings Bank had given preferential interest rates, continued lending and extended repayment period to the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" customers who had a great impact on the epidemic. In Shandong, ICBC strengthened cooperation with Shandong Agricultural Development Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd. and jointly issued special preferential policies to support spring ploughing production.

　　Ensure supply, stabilize prices and grasp production during epidemic period.

　　At present, China is in a special period of epidemic prevention and control. It is also of great significance to protect the supply of agricultural means of production, ensure the quality of agricultural products, maintain the stability of agricultural prices and help farmers to resume production in spring.

　　It is reported that in order to help stabilize the price of chemical fertilizer market, the Agricultural Development Bank of Henan Branch has supported the chemical fertilizer reserve and operation in Henan Wanzhuang Chemical Fertilizer Trading Market to ensure sufficient supply of agricultural products and stable prices during the epidemic; In Gansu, the Agricultural Development Bank lent 30 million yuan to Lanzhou New Area Modern Agriculture Investment Group Co., Ltd. to support enterprises to purchase productive materials such as plastic film, seeds and fertilizers, so as to ensure the supply of fruits and vegetables in the epidemic prevention and control period and subsequent markets.

　　In order to promote stable production, supply and price of agricultural products, protect farmers’ interests and stabilize people’s livelihood, the Agricultural Bank of China recently launched a special policy to strengthen the demand for credit funds for agricultural and sideline products production and spring ploughing and agricultural materials supply, and to serve the work of ensuring stable supply and price and spring ploughing and agricultural materials supply.

　　On February 14th, with the support of hengfeng bank and other financial institutions, Nanjing Agricultural and Sideline Products Logistics and Distribution Center Co., Ltd. successfully issued the first single epidemic prevention and control bond of agricultural and sideline products in China, "300 million yuan for the first phase of non-public issuance of corporate bonds in 2020". The issuance of this bond has helped to ensure the supply of "food basket" during the epidemic prevention and control period.

　　It is worth mentioning that while policy banks, large state-owned banks and joint-stock banks actively support spring ploughing and maintain the price stability of agricultural products, rural small and medium-sized financial institutions also play an important role. Take Jiangyong Rural Commercial Bank of Hunan as an example. Since the beginning of this year, the bank has invested 50 million yuan in agricultural loans. While actively organizing the investment of agricultural production funds, it has also increased the loan support of agricultural producers to ensure that the purchase funds of agricultural production materials such as seeds and fertilizers are sufficient to meet the spring ploughing production.

　　The new round of examination enrollment system reform has taken another solid step towards the established goal.

　　On April 23rd, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing, as the third batch of eight provinces in China to start the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, issued their own implementation plans, and made it clear that the first-year high school students who entered school in autumn of 2018 would start to implement them. Previously, eight provinces have deployed relevant work and are progressing in an orderly manner.

　　This means that the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination has entered a new stage from the pilot reform in the east to the promotion in the central and western regions. Correspondingly, the reform direction of the implementation plan in the eight provinces is consistent. While wearing "uniform clothes", they are also equipped with "local accessories". In close connection with the local education development level and the teaching practice of middle schools, they have made various explorations and innovations in the selection of examination subjects and examination time, the way of assigning marks and the way of admission.

　　The "3+1+2" mode is adopted in the selected subjects, which connects the teaching practice in middle schools with the talent training in colleges and universities.

　　According to the published implementation plan, the plan of eight provinces is "3+1+2" mode, that is, "3" is the national unified examination subject Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, which all students must take; "1" is the preferred subject, and candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school level examination; "2" is a re-selected subject, and candidates can choose two of the four subjects of chemistry, biology, ideology and politics and geography.

　　The college entrance examination is both a national economy and a people’s livelihood. The comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination is a major reform in the education field led by the central government. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that the reform plan adopted by the central government has taken root and different places must be encouraged and allowed to conduct differentiated exploration. According to the requirements of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the Ministry of Education instructed eight provinces to conscientiously implement the spirit of the the State Council Document, and formulate reform plans according to local conditions in combination with provincial and municipal conditions, so that the reform can more accurately meet local conditions and form a benign interaction between top-level design and grassroots exploration.

　　The reform of college entrance examination is extremely important, complex and sensitive, and the stakeholders are diverse. In order to find the "greatest common denominator" of the reform, the party committees and governments of eight provinces attach great importance to it, personally check, personally coordinate and personally supervise, and intensify overall coordination to ensure the smooth landing of this highly concerned high-risk reform. It is understood that party secretaries and governors of eight provinces have listened to reports many times, held relevant decision-making meetings of provincial party committees and provincial governments, and reviewed the comprehensive reform plan for the college entrance examination. Liaoning, Chongqing and other places have set up a leading group for comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, headed by the "number one"; Hebei, Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangdong and other places will incorporate the college entrance examination reform into the work points or important agendas of the provincial party committees and governments; The leaders of Fujian, Hubei and other provinces personally went to the grassroots to investigate and listen to the opinions of front-line workers, and strive to make the reform plan close to local reality.

　　"When designing various measures for the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination in our province, we conducted an in-depth study on’ how to change’ and’ what to change’, which not only closely linked with the national spirit, but also linked with the reality of Fujian, and strived to implement the plan with strong feasibility and operability." The relevant person in charge of the Education Department of Fujian Province said that the "3+1+2" subject selection scheme is the result of eight provinces’ full consideration of the original local college entrance examination model, the development level of basic education, higher education and the layout of disciplines and specialties on the basis of learning from the experience of the pilot provinces that reformed first.

　　In the process of formulating the implementation plan, eight provinces conducted in-depth research, fully demonstrated, widely listened to and solicited opinions and suggestions from all sides. Taking Jiangsu Province as an example, since 2015, the province has held nearly 80 research and consultation meetings, listened to the opinions and suggestions from all walks of life in depth, and specially listened to the opinions and suggestions of many members of the National Education Examination Steering Committee for the key and difficult problems in the development of the scheme, and invited East China Normal University, Xiamen University, Provincial Institute of Education Modernization and experts in related fields of education and measurement to demonstrate the feasibility and scientificity of the "3+1+2" scheme.

　　"On the whole, the’ 3+1+2′ program is completely consistent with the’ 3+3′ program of the pilot provinces in the basic direction and basic concept of reform. At the same time, it further highlights the basic role of physics and history in the selection and training of talents in natural sciences and humanities and social sciences in colleges and universities, and puts forward the combination of students’ elective subjects in combination with local conditions, so that the reform can more accurately meet local conditions and better meet local students’ growth and talent training needs. " Qu Zhenyuan, deputy director of the National Education Examination Steering Committee, said.

　　Why should physics and history be the first choice subjects? According to the situation released by various provinces, the original intention of this setting is mainly to consider the needs of talent training in colleges and universities and to connect with the reality of middle school education and teaching in various places.

　　On the one hand, experts in universities, middle schools and disciplines generally believe that physics is the basic discipline of natural science majors and history is the basic discipline of humanities and social sciences majors in the training of talents in universities. Studying physics or history subjects in high school is an important foundation for studying natural science majors, humanities and social sciences majors and related interdisciplinary majors in university. Therefore, taking these two subjects as the first choice is conducive to the cultivation of students in related majors in colleges and universities.

　　On the other hand, there are some differences in the conditions of running schools in different places. Taking physics and history as one of candidates’ preferred subjects can effectively connect with the existing teachers and classrooms, guide students from different regions and middle schools to choose their study subjects reasonably, plan their academic careers scientifically, and lay a solid professional foundation for further study in universities.

　　Yu Han, an expert of the National Education Examination Steering Committee and deputy director of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, said that since the first batch of comprehensive reform pilots of the college entrance examination, the educational concept of "selectivity" has always been reflected in the implementation and improvement of various measures. In the selective dimension, we should not only ensure the independent space of individual choice, but also take into account the local rigid restrictions on talent selection and training in colleges and universities, and more importantly, reflect the overall and long-term interests of the country. Although the "3+1+2" program does not give candidates full and free choice in six subjects, they can make conditional choices in two subjects, physics and history, and the other four subjects, and the latter two out of four are completely open to arts and sciences, with 12 choice combinations, which greatly improves the selectivity of only two combinations before the reform and is more in line with the actual situation of eight provinces. At the same time, although physics and history can only be chosen from two subjects, they are both compulsory subjects in the passing examination of the high school level examination, and students must meet the basic teaching requirements of high school, and the basic knowledge structure is complete.

　　Zheng Qinghua, vice president of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, thinks that this way not only increases students’ choice, but also promotes the integration of arts and sciences, pays more attention to students’ all-round development, improves students’ comprehensive quality, provides conditions and motivation for the mutual choice between students and universities, fully embodies the principle of people-oriented, learning what they are good at and testing their strengths, conforms to the laws of education development and talent growth, and provides more opportunities for students to grow into talents.

　　The selective examination is held at the same time as the college entrance examination, and the selected subjects are given scientific marks.

　　From 2021, the enrollment of colleges and universities in eight provinces will be based on the results of the unified college entrance examination and the high school level examination, with reference to the comprehensive quality evaluation.

　　As for the time and frequency of foreign language examinations, six provinces, including Hebei, Liaoning, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing, plan to organize only one foreign language listening and written examination in June, and then implement the foreign language examination twice a year when conditions are ripe. Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces plan to organize a written foreign language test in June, and put the foreign language listening and speaking test in peacetime and implement the computer test.

　　The relevant person in charge of Guangdong Education Examinations Institute said that these practices are basically consistent with the existing examination arrangements, without increasing the number of examinations and changing the examination time. It has been ensured that the examination arrangements will not affect the current teaching organization arrangements of middle schools, and will also ease the pressure on the current foreign language examinations in terms of propositions, organization and management, and ensure the steady progress of reform.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education said that it is necessary to establish a standardized proposition mechanism and accumulate standardized question banks for the two-year foreign language examinations. At present, eight provinces have not fully met the conditions in this regard, so the existing examination arrangements will remain unchanged for the time being. When the conditions are ripe, they can actively explore the implementation of the two-year foreign language examinations and gradually implement them.

　　According to the implementation plan, the ordinary high school academic level examination is divided into qualified examination and selective examination. Qualified test scores are the main basis for students’ graduation and the determination of equivalent academic ability in ordinary high schools; The selected test scores are included in the total scores of candidates enrolled in the unified examination of ordinary colleges and universities. All the eight provinces arranged the selective examinations of the senior high school level examination together during the unified college entrance examination in June, and determined the number of examinations as one. Choose to test by the province unified proposition, unified examination, unified organization marking, unified published results.

　　Liu Haifeng, director of the Examination Research Center of Xiamen University, pointed out that in order to ensure the safe and orderly implementation of the college entrance examination, more than 20 government departments made concerted efforts. Because the selective examination of the high school level examination is included in the total score of the college entrance examination, its nature is equivalent to that of the college entrance examination. This arrangement in the implementation plan not only reduces the influence of multiple examinations on middle school teaching, but also relieves the pressure of organizing examinations at the grassroots level, and can avoid repeatedly using a lot of government resources and social resources.

　　From 2021, the total scores of candidates in the new college entrance examination in eight provinces are composed of unified college entrance examination subjects and academic level examination subjects, with a full score of 750 points. Among them, the original scores of unified college entrance examination subjects such as Chinese, mathematics and foreign language use are included in the total score of candidates, with a perfect score of 150 points for each subject. In the selected subjects, the original scores of physics or history are included in the total scores of candidates, with a perfect score of 100 points for each subject; The two subjects independently selected by candidates in ideological politics, geography, chemistry and biology will be included in the total score of candidates after being graded, with a perfect score of 100 points for each subject.

　　Why is the re-election subject graded? According to the relevant person in charge of the Education Department of Liaoning Province, candidates with the same preferred subjects can choose different selected subjects to be included in the college entrance examination results in ideological and political, geographical, chemical and biological subjects according to their personal interests and the requirements of college enrollment. Because of the difficulty difference of different subjects in the re-selected subjects and the different groups of candidates applying for the corresponding subjects, the original scores of the selected subjects are not comparable. The implementation of grading is mainly based on the different subjects selected by students, the different difficulty of each subject, and the incomparable original scores of each subject. It is made from the perspective of fairness and justice in educational examinations.

　　For example, he said, candidate A chose ideological politics and candidate B chose chemistry, and both of them got 80 points. Candidate A ranked 100th among all the ideological and political candidates, and candidate B ranked 1000th among all the chemistry candidates. It is neither scientific nor fair to simply add up their scores in all subjects and count them in the college entrance examination. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the original scores of different subjects into grade scores according to certain rules, and the queuing order of candidates’ selected subjects remains unchanged after conversion, so as to solve the problem that the original scores of selected subjects are not comparable.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of Chongqing Education Examinations Institute, the third batch of eight provinces that entered the reform formed a joint expert group under the unified guidance of the Ministry of Education, invited domestic experts and scholars in the field of mathematical statistics and analysis, learned from the experience of previous pilot provinces, and based on the analysis and calculation of the college entrance examination scores and admission data of eight provinces over the years, through mathematical modeling, within the framework of the evaluation standards of acceptance, discrimination, fit, promotion, stability and adaptability, the method of assigning common grades to eight provinces was determined, which has a better

　　"One point, one file", grade assignment not only ensures the comparability of scores between different subjects, but also increases the discrimination of exams. Han Ning, vice chairman of the Education Statistics and Measurement Branch of the China Education Association, said that eight provinces have carefully analyzed and simulated the various possibilities in the college entrance examination based on the big data of the past few years, and selected the parameter setting scheme that is most suitable for their own provinces, and followed the principles of "Don’t let candidates’ single-subject ranking change" and "Ensure the appropriate weight of selected subjects and ensure the good distinction of conversion scores"

　　Admission is based on "two bases and one reference" to promote students’ all-round and individual development.

　　The enrollment of unified examination in colleges and universities is the focus of social attention, and it is also the focus and difficulty of the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. The implementation plan announced by the eight provinces has carried out the reform direction of "forming the examination enrollment mode of classified examination, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admission" determined by the State Council, and the mode of "two bases and one reference" has been implemented in college admission, that is, not only the scores of three unified college entrance examination subjects and three academic level examinations are selected, but also the comprehensive quality evaluation is taken as an important reference for admission, from simply "judging points" to "judging people".

　　"The comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination is not only a reform of the examination enrollment method, but also a major reform involving basic education and higher education, which is related to the entire talent training system. It is an inevitable requirement for implementing quality education, improving the quality of talent training and promoting students’ all-round and individual development." Jiang Changzhong, Party Secretary and Director of Hunan Provincial Education Department and Secretary of Education Working Committee of Provincial Party Committee, said that this reform is to establish and improve the comprehensive examination content system of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, build an examination enrollment evaluation system with China characteristics in the new era, establish an examination enrollment system for ordinary colleges and universities that conforms to the laws of education and talent growth and conforms to the requirements of the times, and implement comprehensive examination, comprehensive assessment and fairer selection, so as to realize the organic unity of student growth, national talent selection and social equity.

　　According to the implementation plan, the comprehensive quality evaluation content is divided into ideological and moral character, academic level, physical and mental health, artistic accomplishment, social practice and so on. The contents of students’ comprehensive quality evaluation are objectively recorded by real recording. Through the comprehensive quality evaluation system of senior high school students, senior high schools establish personal growth electronic files for each student. Under the guidance of teachers, students independently record their daily activities; According to the unified requirements of the provincial education departments, students sort out and select representative recording materials at the end of each semester to form an evaluation record form; When graduating from high school, according to the representative typical materials in the original records of the evaluation system, a comprehensive quality evaluation report of students is generated; Academic level test scores, credits and physical health test scores are uniformly imported by schools, education administrative departments and other relevant units.

　　With regard to the application of comprehensive quality evaluation materials, the implementation plans of the eight provinces have also made it clear that in addition to being used by senior high schools for student education and education administrative departments for monitoring and management of education and teaching, colleges and universities should formulate specific methods for using comprehensive quality evaluation materials in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Education, and take the evaluation results as an important reference for enrollment. In order to ensure the authenticity and credibility of the comprehensive quality evaluation materials of senior high school students, the activity records and factual materials used for enrollment must be publicized, and the students themselves and the relevant school leaders will confirm them on the network management platform after publicity without objection, and the school will finally review and check them.

　　The reporter found out that the eight provinces made it clear in the implementation plan that colleges and universities will compile their enrollment plans in two categories: physics and history. At the time of admission, candidates who choose physics and candidates who choose history will be queued for admission respectively. Candidates in Hebei, Liaoning, Chongqing and other provinces and cities take the mode of "major (category)+college", that is, one college and one enrollment major (category) is a volunteer, and the admission mode of parallel volunteer is implemented.

　　In Zheng Qinghua’s view, the past training mode made most senior high school students accustomed to burying their heads in study and only pursuing achievements, lacking understanding of the connotation of disciplines and majors in colleges and universities, the requirements and rules for entering the exam, and the lack of excavation and training of their own interests, specialties and professional intentions. Under the new college entrance examination mode, schools will be forced to help students find their own interests and specialties from the middle school stage, carry out career guidance, and simultaneously promote the college entrance examination reform with the curriculum reform in junior and senior high schools, so that students can unify their career planning, major selection and learning motivation, guide students to connect their studies with the majors they choose to enter colleges and universities in the future, and connect their future majors with the careers they will settle down in the future. Only by linking the career of settling down with the career of making contributions all one’s life, and finally guiding students to link their career with the career that can finally care about the world, benefit mankind and settle their souls, can we cultivate the real pillars needed by society.

　　Similarly, the enrollment mode of "major (category)+college" is also beneficial to colleges and universities to enroll students with clear professional aspirations, but it puts forward higher requirements for the specialty construction and talent training of colleges and universities, which will promote colleges and universities to further strengthen the discipline construction and improve the quality of talent training. In terms of specific operation, colleges and universities will work out enrollment plans in strict accordance with the requirements of the elective subjects of their enrollment majors, and according to the requirements of personnel training, according to the two categories of "physics disciplines" and "history disciplines", and the requirements for elective subjects will be clearly defined in each enrollment major.

　　Accelerating the enrollment reform of classified examination in higher vocational education is an important measure of the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. Yong Yang, Party Secretary and Director of the Education Department of Hebei Province, said that higher vocational education bears the important task of cultivating diversified talents, inheriting technical skills and promoting employment and entrepreneurship, so it pays more attention to the assessment of students’ vocational orientation and vocational skills in the examination enrollment. Implementing the classified examination enrollment of higher vocational education and separating the enrollment of higher vocational colleges from that of ordinary colleges will not only help higher vocational colleges to select and cultivate skilled talents according to the rules of vocational education, but also help some students to choose their own vocational education as soon as possible.

　　In the implementation plans of eight provinces, it is clear that the enrollment reform of classified examinations in higher vocational colleges should be promoted. Fujian makes it clear that the enrollment of classified examinations in higher vocational colleges is mainly based on higher vocational (junior college) enrollment, and it is the main channel for higher vocational colleges to enroll students. Since 2020, the classified enrollment of higher vocational colleges is relatively separated from the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities, and the evaluation method of "cultural quality+vocational skills" is implemented, and the entrance examination for higher vocational education is no longer organized separately.

　　Hebei, as a province with a large number of students, has made great efforts to promote the enrollment reform of classified examinations in higher vocational education in order to solve the problem of "thousands of troops crossing the single-plank bridge", based on the fact that higher vocational colleges account for a large proportion and a large number. Yong Yang said that in combination with the actual situation of this province, efforts should be made to break through innovation, and in the enrollment plan, classified examination enrollment will become the main channel for enrollment in higher vocational colleges; In the assessment content, we should distinguish the different characteristics of ordinary high school students and secondary vocational school students and implement the evaluation method of "cultural quality+vocational skills"; In the enrollment, we should carry out the reform of parallel volunteer’s investment in one file and explore the way of multi-investment in one file.

　　Guide the reform of high school education mode and strengthen the construction of basic guarantee conditions.

　　The examination enrollment system is a national basic education system, and the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination is a major reform in the field of education, which will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on the current high school education and even the whole education.

　　"The basic idea of deepening the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination is to adhere to the direction of reform, maintain strategic strength, enhance the tenacity of reform, and ensure the implementation of the overall design of the" Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System "in accordance with the principle of" promoting quality education, promoting education equity, and scientifically selecting talents "; Adhere to the problem orientation, adhere to local conditions, continue to intensify efforts to promote effective policies that are welcomed by the masses, and fully consider the differences in different regions for reform measures with high basic conditions, and introduce plans according to local conditions to ensure smooth and orderly reform; Adhere to coordinated promotion, further strengthen the reform coordination between provinces and relevant departments within the province, and form a good situation of coordination and overall promotion. " The person in charge of the relevant department of the Ministry of Education said.

　　It is an important measure for ordinary senior high school teaching to adapt to the new college entrance examination and an inevitable requirement for the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. "It can be predicted that for basic education, the implementation of class selection will have a direct impact on the scale and structure of subject teachers because of the different proportion of candidates in each subject." The relevant person in charge of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education pointed out that how to implement this important measure aimed at respecting students’ personality differences, expanding students’ independent choice in learning and meeting the learning needs of students with different potentials, promoting students’ all-round and individual development and improving the quality of education and teaching requires in-depth research.

　　According to the relevant interpretation manuscripts published by 8 provinces, there is a clear arrangement on how to carry out the teaching of selecting courses and moving classes. For example, schools should not crowd out the classes of other non-selected subjects in order to increase the class hours of selected subjects, but should strictly implement the curriculum plan of ordinary high schools promulgated by the state and strive to develop excellent elective courses; Explore the school teaching management system that adapts to the teaching of selecting courses and leaving classes, and construct a class management system that organically combines administrative classes with teaching classes, class teachers and tutorial systems; Strengthen the construction of smart campus, make full use of information technology, and gradually realize the intellectualization of management activities such as course selection, course arrangement, management and evaluation.

　　In terms of strengthening team building, eight provinces have also made it clear that various measures should be taken to alleviate the structural shortage of teachers in some disciplines by purchasing services, rehiring outstanding retired teachers, and exploring "county management and school employment". Strengthen the training of teachers and increase the transfer training of teachers in surplus disciplines. At the same time, efforts should be made to improve the conditions for running schools, and measures such as newly rebuilding and expanding some high schools and strictly implementing enrollment plans should be taken to eliminate large classes in ordinary high schools.

　　As the most comprehensive and thorough reform of the examination enrollment system in history, the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination has brought about changes in talent selection and training mode, which has incomparable advantages in forcing universities and middle schools to educate people from the perspective of students’ long-term development and to select talents and guide them from the perspective of more yuan and more in line with actual development needs.

　　Senior high school is a critical period for students’ personality formation and independent development, and it is also a critical period for students to choose the future development direction of their lives. The reporter found out that this reform highlights the guidance for students’ development, including not only academic guidance, but also life guidance and career guidance. In order to provide guidance for students’ development, all provinces have made clear requirements for constructing characteristic curriculum system, establishing professional teachers, carrying out multi-theme activities, expanding and enriching professional experience, and applying scientific evaluation system, so as to effectively help students solve practical problems and ideological puzzles encountered in their studies, life and career planning.

　　The comprehensive reform of college entrance examination is a key breakthrough of comprehensive education reform, and at the same time, it is also a tough "hard bone", which belongs to the key hub of reform and is at the core of the "top priority" of education reform. Under the overall command of the Ministry of Education, the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination in eight provinces has been carried out steadily, scientifically and orderly, and all the preparatory work in the early stage has been successfully completed.

　　Zhong Binglin, president of China Education Association, said that the distribution of educational resources in China is uneven, and there is a gap between the eight provinces that have implemented the new plan and the developed education areas such as Zhejiang and Shanghai. Therefore, we should pay attention to the study and introduction of relevant supporting measures, and jointly promote the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, and form a good situation of coordinated linkage and overall promotion between the government and schools, examination enrollment and personnel training, and high school education and higher education, and promote the steady implementation of the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination.

　　According to Yang Dongping, a member of the National Education Examination Steering Committee, the college entrance examination system consists of examination system, enrollment system and supporting service guarantee policies. According to the situation released by eight provinces, the guarantee of various conditions for the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination is also vigorously promoted. Taking Hubei Province as an example, the Committee for Deep Reform of the Provincial Party Committee listed the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination as a key reform item in the province, and the leading group for the reform of the provincial education system took it as an annual key reform task. Governments at all levels in the province invested a total of 11.2 billion yuan to build, rebuild and expand 49 high schools and 187 million yuan to build standardized examination centers. The Hubei Provincial Department of Education has set up a promotion mechanism of "1 (comprehensive work) +3 (teaching, examination and enrollment) +N (some specific work)". Cities and counties have also established corresponding working mechanisms, forming a good atmosphere of joint deployment and promotion and full participation in reform.

　　"To actively respond to the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, we must implement the main responsibility, establish a coordinated promotion mechanism, and truly implement it." The relevant person in charge of the Education Department of Liaoning Province said that the next step will be to highlight key points, strengthen the capacity building of examination institutions, improve the infrastructure conditions of ordinary high schools, strengthen the construction of teachers, deepen the curriculum reform of ordinary high schools, and do a good job in a series of supporting work such as comprehensive quality evaluation of high school students to ensure the smooth progress of the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. (Reporter Wan Yufeng)