Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, August 25th: Race for Life and Death, Watch and Help, Never Give Up — — Direct hit Wenchuan heavy rainfall flood debris flow disaster relief

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Chaoqun and yangjin

　　In the early morning of August 20th, due to the continuous heavy rainfall, catastrophic mountain torrents and mudslides occurred in Wenchuan County, Lixian County, Maoxian County, Songpan County and Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, in which 100% of towns and villages in Wenchuan County and more than 90% of the people were affected. Synchronized with the disaster, it is a life-and-death race of rescue and the mutual help of compatriots.

　　There is a kind of disaster relief called life and death race.

　　On the 20th, Feng Xiulan, an exhibitor from Nanchong City, Sichuan Province to Shuimo Ancient Town, Wenchuan County, who participated in the Food Shopping Festival, lived in a booth by the Shouxi River.

　　At 2 o’clock in the morning, Feng Xiulan found that the booth was flooded, and in a blink of an eye, the water soared from the ankle to the waist. No sooner had she lifted her 8-year-old child from the cot than the board and bedding were washed away. In desperation, Feng Xiulan and her family grabbed the doors and windows of the opposite shop and climbed to the roof, only to escape.

　　When the flood receded, a thick layer of sediment was deposited on both sides of the river in Shuimo Town, with the thickest part exceeding half a meter. A large number of plant branches washed down from the upstream were wrapped in the sediment, with a diameter of 50 cm. A large number of private cars were destroyed by floods, piled together, some stood upside down on the trunk next to them, and some were washed into residential houses.

　　In sanjiang town, Wenchuan County, upstream of the water mill, the river that originally flowed through the edge of the town was diverted because of the excessive water potential, passing through the city, flooding most of the town, and many buildings seemed to be built in the middle of the river.

　　As of 25th, more than 102,000 people in Aba Prefecture were affected by the disaster, 12 people were killed and 26 people lost contact.

　　On the night of the disaster, a full-time fire brigade of Shuimo Town and a group of seven people received the alarm and went to sanjiang town to rescue the trapped tourists. The fire truck was suddenly flooded just a few kilometers away. The 33-year-old monitor died in poverty, and Xin Yang, the captain, was thrown ashore after being swept by the flood for more than 3 kilometers. The six surviving firefighters endured the pain and searched and rescued the trapped people overnight. It was not until noon on the 23rd that Yang Xincai recovered from the grief of intense rescue and the sacrifice of his comrades-in-arms and ate some rice.

　　"The disaster is the order. We are the local rescue force. We are the most familiar with the situation and must stick to it." Xin Yang’s arms and legs were covered with scars. Because he had to drive a rescue vehicle, the wound on his knee had just scabbed and been torn open.

　　After the disaster, Sichuan Province and Aba Prefecture responded immediately, set up front-line headquarters, quickly formed an emergency relief system, organized rescue forces of more than 3,000 people including public security, fire fighting and armed police to put into disaster relief, and distributed 25 kinds of relief materials such as quilts (6,950 beds), rice (41.25 tons) and cooking oil (2.75 tons).

　　There is a kind of power called mutual help.

　　Disaster is merciless, and people are affectionate. Almost in sync with the floods, people in party member in Wenchuan and other places tried their best to help each other.

　　Yuzixi Village, Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, was lightly affected due to its high terrain. On the day of the disaster, the village of more than 800 people organized nearly 200 people to go down the mountain and transfer the affected people nearby to the village. On the evening of 20th, more than 300 people were resettled in Yuzixi Village, and 14 people lived in the villagers’ homes at most.

　　"It was still raining, it was very cold, and there were many old people and children. If you don’t arrange well, you will definitely get sick." Ma Guihua, a villager, said, "I took out all the extra quilts in my house. When there was not enough room on the bed and sofa, I set up a wooden board to spread the quilts." Early the next morning, Murakami spontaneously set up a water mat to let the villagers who avoided the disaster eat hot meals.

　　After learning about the disaster, Yao Xiong, a 27-year-old boy from Xuankou Town, Wenchuan County, hired a driver, and the two of them drove forklifts and excavators for dry projects to rescue them. "Life is more important. I am a young man. If I need to go, I will go at once." After the Wenchuan earthquake, Yao Xiong knew the importance of racing against time.

　　"The villagers’ houses were destroyed and the fields were buried. It was sad to watch, and we also came up with a contribution." On the 21st, Yan Daijun of Wenchuan SF Express spontaneously organized a 14-person volunteer courier team to buy food, water and other living materials out of his own pocket, and rushed to the temporary resettlement site in Mianmian Town, Wenchuan County on foot to give warmth to the affected people, and to assist local militia and villagers to clean up the mud in roads and houses.

　　"Wenchuan is our common home. If it is difficult for everyone to carry it together, everything will be fine." Yan Daijun said.

　　There is a kind of warmth called never giving up.

　　August is the tourist season in Aba Prefecture. The sudden disaster caused more than 95,500 tourists to stay, and more than 47,200 people were stranded in Wenchuan alone, most of whom were elderly people and children who went to the mountains for summer vacation.

　　The state and county governments in Sichuan Province urgently dispatched helicopters and buses and organized private cars to evacuate tourists.

　　When transferring tourists is the busiest, Shuimo Tourist Passenger Station will transfer nearly 3,000 people a day. Zhou Jin, the head of the passenger station, once served as the director of Jiuzhaigou Transportation Management Office, and his rich transportation experience made him calmly cope with this tourist transfer. "In the face of disasters, all parties are very powerful. With a greeting, more than 40 buses of transportation companies will soon be in place." Zhou Jin said. At the passenger station, tourists get off the bus, wait for the bus, and then get on the bus in an orderly manner.

　　Gou Daming, 73, had lived in sanjiang town for a month before he withdrew. When he met the reporter, he was waiting for the bus to return to Chengdu at the passenger station. "We really panicked when we found that there was no electricity or water, but the government was very concerned about us, and the staff were very hard. Some people didn’t sleep for two days and nights."

　　At 12: 49 on the 24th, with the last pickup truck transporting trapped villagers entering the government of Gengda Town, Wolong, 96 tourists and villagers trapped in Yaozigou of Longtan Power Station reservoir area in Gengda Town were evacuated safely after more than 100 hours of joint rescue in the open space day and night.

　　"I knew you didn’t give up on us." Seeing the rescuers, some trapped tourists shed tears. By noon on the 24th, all the stranded tourists in the Wenchuan flood and debris flow disaster had been transferred to safety.

　　A research team composed of researchers from many countries said in a paper published in the well-known academic journal Science on the 18th that due to climate change and excessive water use by human beings, in the nearly 30 years since the early 1990s, the water storage capacity of 53% of large lakes and reservoirs in the world has been greatly reduced, and the average annual net reduction is roughly equivalent to the annual water consumption of the United States in 1995. Considering that lakes and reservoirs store about 87% of fresh water on the global surface, the paper calls for strengthening sustainable water resources management and attaching importance to the important role played by climate change.

　　On May 13th, 2023, local time, the Los Bermejales Reservoir in Grana, Spain was affected by drought, and its storage capacity was only 18%.

　　The lake is in trouble　　

　　Researchers come from the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Toulouse, France and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia. Using satellite observation data from 1992 to 2020, combined with climate data and hydrological models, they studied 1051 large lakes and 921 large reservoirs around the world, and their water storage capacity accounted for 96% and 83% of the global natural lakes and reservoirs respectively. 　　

　　On July 28th, 2022, local time, Slobodzia, Romania, the dry bed of Lake Amara. Due to the lack of precipitation and extreme high temperature, Lake Amara, which stretches for about 8 square kilometers, almost evaporated.

　　On July 28th, 2022, in Slobozia, Romania, a shepherd drew water from a well beside the bed of Lake Amara.

　　The researchers say that they pay attention to these large freshwater bodies because the larger the observation range, the higher the accuracy of satellite observation data, and large water bodies are also important to humans and wildlife. In 28 years, they evaluated these water bodies six times a year. The results show that although the water storage capacity of some lakes and reservoirs has increased, on the whole, the water storage capacity of lakes and reservoirs in the world has generally decreased, with an average annual net decrease of about 22 billion tons, equivalent to the annual water consumption of the United States in 1995; The cumulative volume of water decreased by about 603 cubic kilometers, equivalent to 17 times the volume of Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States. Lake Mead is impounded by the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, covering an area of more than 600 square kilometers. 　

　　Changes of Lake Mead in the United States from 2000 to 2022.

　　On March 6, 2023, in Boulder, Nevada, USA, along the border between Nevada and Arizona, the "bathtub ring" shows the water level line of Lake Mead.

　　On April 16th, 2023, Nevada, USA, during the low water level of Lake Mead, you can see the ruins of St. Thomas. When Lake Meade was first filled in the 1930s, the ruins of St. Thomas were submerged by the reservoir.

　　On April 16, 2023, local time, in Nevada, USA, the brown Colorado River flows through Lake Mead, where the water level drops.

　　Balaji Rajagopalan, a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, said that about 2 billion people in the world, that is, 25% of the total population, live in large lakes and their watersheds, and from a global perspective, "lakes are in trouble and have far-reaching effects".

　　Climate factors are even greater.　

　　Researchers use statistical models including climate and hydrological trends to sort out the reasons for the reduction of water storage capacity, and find that for natural lakes, 56% of the net loss is caused by climate change and human activities, of which climate change "accounts for a larger proportion", the most obvious performance is that the increase of temperature leads to the increase of water evaporation. 　　

　　On August 20th, 2022, local time, water poured down from the dam in Desso, villanova, Spain.

　　On August 20th, 2022, local time in Deso, villanova, Spain, the water level of the reservoir was low due to drought.

　　For the reservoir, the main reason for the decrease of water storage capacity is sedimentation: due to upstream sediment deposition, the reservoir is blocked, the aging of the reservoir is accelerated, and the water storage capacity is reduced. These changes do not happen overnight, but as slowly as boiling frogs in warm water. The researchers pointed out that deposition will also be affected by climate change. For example, with global warming, the scale of wildfire is becoming larger and larger, burning trees and destroying soil stability, resulting in an increase in sediments flowing into lakes and reservoirs.

　　On August 31, 2022, in Marble Canyon, Arizona, USA, when sediments were flowing through the Marble Canyon at the lower reaches of Lake Powell, the red sandstone cliff was reflected in the Colorado River. In recent years, the drought caused by climate change has lowered the water level of Lake Powell, the second largest reservoir in the United States.

　　On August 31, 2022, local time, the Colorado River downstream of Lake Powell in Arizona, USA, was stirred when it passed through the marble canyon.

　　On March 21st, 2023, local time, Luozhou, South Korea, and Luozhou Lake suffered from severe drought, the water volume decreased, and the riverbed was exposed.

　　On February 15th, 2022, local time, Shiquan Lake, 70km away from Malaga, Spain, almost dried up. Officials claim that Spain’s water reserves are currently less than 45% of its capacity,

　　May 15th, 2023, Canelon Grande Reservoir, Cane Lohnes, Uruguay. The persistent drought in Uruguay has caused serious salinization of drinking water in Montevideo and metropolitan areas, and the water level in nearby reservoirs has dropped.

　　On March 4, 2023, local time, Bewl Reservoir, a suburb of Rambohurst, Kent, England. Since March, the storage capacity of the reservoir has steadily decreased, and it is currently 67%, compared with only 42% in October last year.

　　On March 13th, 2023, local time, most areas of French Lake Momber dried up to the bottom. It is reported that there has been no rain in France for 32 consecutive days, which is the longest winter drought since records began in 1959. The abnormal drought has aroused people’s concern.

　　The wet is also drying out.　　

　　When talking about the impact of climate change in the past, many people thought that it would lead to "drier arid areas and wetter humid areas". This latest study overturns the second half of the sentence — — Even in wet areas, a lot of water will be lost, "this should not be ignored." Researchers say that in the past 30 years, whether in humid tropical areas or cold high latitudes, the water storage capacity of lakes worldwide has generally declined. This shows that "the global drought trend is more extensive than previously thought".

　　(Left) On August 25th, 2000, local time, the Aral Sea between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. (Right) On August 21, 2018, local time, the Aral Sea between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. On May 18th, 2023, a new study said that since the early 1990s, due to the high temperature caused by climate change and the social diversion of water resources, the world’s lakes have lost trillions of gallons of water every year.

　　On December 2, 2019, local time, a lake formed by melting water on the Greenland ice sheet began to burst and drain rapidly after being filled with water. Due to climate change, this phenomenon became more and more frequent.

　　In their view, under the general environment of climate warming, the intensification of water cycle may not lead to the increase of water storage in humid areas, partly because of the increase of soil evaporation and the possibility of taking longer to recover from drought.

　　Photo source: Xinhua News Agency, vision china, and 澎湃 Image.

Special feature of 1905 film network "I believe that although my father has left, he is still blessing us. I will continue to make his films and let more people see them."

"It was finally released, and it was a happy ending for him. I also miss him very much. "

"I am very lucky to cooperate with him. This experience has enriched my life. The best photography award I won is dedicated to him. "

The director died suddenly due to illness in 2023, and the eighth Tibetan film Snow Leopard, which he produced before his death, officially entered the cinema on April 3.

Although the director is gone, he left this excellent work, leaving everyone with a good memory of him and the film. In 1905, the film network interviewed Matthias Delfu, the executive director, leading actor and photography director, and tried to trace back and piece together Pema Tseden’s creative wish for Snow Leopard from their perspectives.

In the hinterland of the snowy plateau, the film tells the story of a snow leopard killing nine sheep kept by herders. The "Snow Leopard Lama", who likes shooting snow leopards, led a group of TV reporters to cover and report, and then focused on the conflict and reconciliation between human beings and snow leopards, the blending and collision of modernity and tradition, and the philosophical thinking of humanity and spirituality.

Since its debut, the film has won awards all over the world, winning the best film in the main competition unit of Tokyo International Film Festival, the best director in the Golden Coconut Award of Hainan Island International Film Festival, the best screenwriter and the best photography in the Asian Film Awards.

Jiu Mei Li remembers that after the premiere of Venice International Film Festival, the crew was walking in the street, and some old people congratulated them on making such a good work. "When I heard this sentence, I was very moved and pleased. I knew that this film came to their hearts, not as a courtesy and compliment."

During the period from Pema Tseden’s death to the release of Snow Leopard, although the director can’t see the achievements of the film, at every important node of the film experience, Kumei said that he would say a word to his father in his heart: "Don’t worry, we have all done it."

Jiu mei cheng Li

Every shot was shot at least 8 times, miraculously waiting for a snow.

"More than a month before shooting, my father suddenly told me, why don’t you be the executive director this time. I asked him, can I? He said of course, no problem. "

Before he became the executive director of Snow Leopard, Kumi had already made his first feature film. The executive director is different from the director, and he has to be responsible for many complicated matters in the crew, so that Kumei has gained different experiences from being a director and observed his father’s state when he was filming:

"I feel his meticulous degree more closely, because he will ask for many scenes over and over again, and each shot will be shot at least eight times, so when the executive director carries out his orders with the actors over and over again, he will feel a little tired, but at the same time the effect will get better over and over again."

Through this film, Pema Tseden first tried CG technology with high industrial level to construct the visual image of Snow Leopard.

Zhan Hansu, the director of special effects, communicated with the director before shooting, hoping to shoot less long shots and close-ups of snow leopards, but when he received the shooting material, all the pictures he wanted to avoid were not avoided, which greatly increased the difficulty of making special effects.

The post-production of Snow Leopard therefore took nearly a year and a half, and the last long shot is also the longest shot in animal special effects in China. Pema Tseden consulted lamas who studied snow leopards, and constantly adjusted the details of snow leopards’ demeanor, voice, hair and dynamics. Jiumei recalled in a row that when my father communicated with the voice guide, he said that he hoped that Snow Leopard would reach a more anthropomorphic state.

The film uses a lot of long lens scheduling, which increases the difficulty of shooting. For example, the chimney of the herdsmen’s house has to smoke all the time. If the smoke is gone, it will have to stop shooting and shoot again.

The last scene is the longest shot in the whole film, more than 10 minutes, and it is also the most difficult scene scheduling. The script says: when everyone’s emotions are about to erupt, the snow falls.

Kumei said that everyone had been rehearsing and rehearsing before waiting for the snow. Unexpectedly, a miraculous moment came: "Until it was getting dark, the snow still didn’t fall, so my father said that he couldn’t wait. Shoot it, shoot it two or three times, and everyone was very tired, especially Kimba. My father said that he would do it again in the end, in a best state. The emotions and performances in that scene made everyone present very moved, especially when Kimba was thrown to the ground, many people cried, that is, at that time, there was just snow falling from the sky. "

The father that Jiu Mei saw on the set was a director who didn’t express much and kept all his thoughts in his heart, but what he said was clear instructions and key requirements. "After filming the scene, he came out of the house with a smile on his face, gave everyone a thumbs up, and then everyone applauded together."

From pre-preparation to post-production, Jiumei has witnessed his father’s creative efforts for Snow Leopard for more than three years, which made him deeply realize his father’s high pursuit of film details and texture.

Kimba

I remained alone on the set, and no one "approached" me.

"He lives in my heart. This time Snow Leopard finally came out. I really miss him. Every time we meet, I get along with him with a particularly sincere attitude, including these works we shoot, and we try our best to shoot and perform. "

From The Stranger, actors Kimba and Pema Tseden collaborated on five feature films, and Snow Leopard is their fourth film together.

Kimba and Pema Tseden already have a tacit understanding. The director never tells him what role to play in advance. "There is a role here. Come here. Is the time ok?" I said yes and went. "

Pema Tseden is a gentle director who doesn’t like to talk much to actors. With more cooperation, Kimba gradually knows his ideas and acts in the direction he wants.

Kimba is also introverted and doesn’t like to talk much. This time in Snow Leopard, he plays a role that is in great contrast with himself — — A Tibetan herder with a hot temper insisted on killing the snow leopard and asked for an explanation. This character has a lot of lines, and there are many scenes that are angry and roaring in front of the camera.

"When I started practicing, these lines sounded like rap, and they were particularly laborious, but they were practiced like this." In the script lines, Kimba took the initiative to add some more life-like proverbs in Tibetan, which was recognized by Pema Tseden. "He is like this, and he didn’t say anything, but he applauded after filming, which shows that I did the right thing."

Whether in "Snow Leopard" or other crews, Kimba revealed that he has always maintained a relatively lonely state, "no one is close to me." When he is not filming, he stands at the scene and sees where the lighting, art and other parts need help in time.

Some actors will find him difficult to get along with at the scene. "Tell me that he is particularly afraid of me. I was very fierce to Lama in the movie, and he also said that he was particularly afraid of me." It is precisely his state on the set that conforms to the character setting in the film.

Click to watch: Interview | Snow Leopard Kimba: Besides being an actor, I also work with art lighting.

Looking back on 2014, Kimba just came to Beijing to study performance and added it to Pema Tseden WeChat on the recommendation of a friend. At first, he was worried that the director would not pass. "At that time, he accepted me at once and asked me how I was."

Kimba is a loyal reader of Pema Tseden’s novels. They gradually become friends and exchange their favorite literary works. Kimba also likes to write poems. Pema Tseden often encourages him. "It is this encouragement that makes me feel particularly good about myself, so I have been writing until now, but I know it is not good."

In Kimba’s mind, "Pema Tseden is a particularly important person, my noble person and my Bole".

Click to watch: Interview | Kimba misses director Pema Tseden: He is Bole and a friend.

Matthias Delfu

The real world is like a theater stage, and the surreal world is like pictures.

The combination of dynamic and static image style and the beautiful scenery of snowy plateau in Snow Leopard stand out clearly, and photography director Matthias Delfu won the best photography award in the 17th Asian Film Awards for this film.

After eight years in China from Belgium, Matthias has worked with director China. He and Pema Tseden met at the Shanghai International Film Festival, and they appreciated each other. A month later, they collaborated on Snow Leopard.

Under the leadership of Pema Tseden, Matthias went to Golog, Qinghai for the first time, with an average elevation of more than 4,200 meters, to explore the scenery, eat yak meat, and learn more about the local living environment and culture. Pema Tseden in his mind is also a man of few words. "You don’t need to talk too much, and you have a very calm feeling with him. He is also very humorous, likes joking and is a very kind person. "

In the story of Snow Leopard, there is a real world and a surreal world, and they have been discussing how to make differences in images in the early stage of the project.

"The scheduling from one actor to another and to another actor is just like dancing. Grassland seems to have become the stage of the theater, and everyone’s attention should be very accurate. "In real time and space, they hope to take more hand-held and Steadicam lenses, and try to shoot with long lenses. A scene will let the audience enter a scene, feel the communication between people at close range, and keep the light and color matching realistic.

The surreal world pictures with mysterious and ancient temperament are mainly shot with fixed positions. Matthias revealed that the inspiration for photography comes from some paintings about the myth of snow leopards that Pema Tseden showed him. "Every shot is like a painting. Try not to move as much as possible, and the atmosphere of nature should be heavier and stronger."

The surreal part also uses special black and white tones. Matthias explained that he likes the German expressionist film genre in the 1920s, adding a little blue, brown and coarse graininess to the black and white, which will make the whole picture more textured.

Now speaking of the days when filming Snow Leopard on the plateau, Matthias will think that he rushed into the sheepfold to shoot the snow leopard’s subjective perspective lens to capture the interesting things of rapid hypoxia, and think of the pleasant time to have tea with Pema Tseden after filming every day, full of memories:

"I am lucky to know him and create with him. In a very special environment, there are few people and many wild animals. Sometimes wolves will go down the mountain to chase our sheep, and the sky at night is full of stars. I will ask him for tea after filming one day. We just need to say a few words …"

Pema Tseden’s story is only half told.

They will insist on filming.

Pema Tseden had many works that had been put on record and scripts that were being planned before his death. Kumei listed stories that his father had not yet filmed, and he would definitely meet the audience one day. But he is not ready to shoot the projects left by his father, so he needs more accumulation. Let’s shoot the stories he wants to tell first, and when the time is right, he will definitely shoot his father’s works again.

What Pema Tseden wanted to say was in Snow Leopard before waiting for the last masterpiece, The Stranger.

In Jiumei’s view, my father has always wanted to convey the strong link between the real Tibetan map and the great changes in the current era. "But what is different and breakthrough from before is the spiritual induction between the little Lama and the snow leopard, the communication between all things or the love and compassion between all things. This power takes us back to the reality level together, and maybe we will find a direction to solve the current problem ourselves."

Being the executive director of Snow Leopard was a "magical" experience for Kumeji. What impressed him most was that the whole crew set up a wild field on the grassland, surrounded by a dozen tents, and everyone woke up every day, washed their faces, brushed their teeth, and took a lunch break together, and lived there.

"It was a shooting state that had been feeling each other with nature." Kumei remembered this feeling deeply, and he wanted to catch it when he made a movie.

After the cooperation, Matthias Delfu found that Pema Tseden’s shooting team was very United, and everyone could do anything and help whenever they needed help. "I found that everyone in his crew seemed to have written a script, made a short film or had the desire to make a movie. This is director Pema Tseden’s desire to stay and create. ".

Kimba has been the core face of the new wave of Tibetan movies in China on the screen. After it was said, Kimba was the favorite actor. He is very humble about this. "To put it bluntly, I am not very good myself. They made me."

The wave of Tibetan films created by Pema Tseden is still endless, and the new generation of Tibetan filmmakers he has trained and supported will continue to inherit his precious spirit. Kimba said that they have the responsibility and obligation to let more people know about Tibetan culture and the stories on this land. "We will stick to it and keep filming."

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 24th

The State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
On comprehensively strengthening the protection of ecological environment
Resolutely fight the tough battle against pollution
(June 16, 2018)

A good ecological environment is an inherent requirement for realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation and a priority area for improving people’s livelihood and well-being. In order to thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, win the victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way, comprehensively strengthen ecological environmental protection, fight a tough battle against pollution, enhance ecological civilization and build a beautiful China, we hereby put forward the following opinions.

First, a deep understanding of the situation faced by ecological environmental protection

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has regarded the construction of ecological civilization as an important part of promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, and has planned and carried out a series of fundamental, long-term and pioneering work, which has promoted the historical, turning and overall changes in the construction of ecological civilization and the protection of ecological environment from practice to understanding. All localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the system of ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection has been accelerated, resources have been fully saved and effectively promoted, air, water and soil pollution prevention and control action plans have been implemented in depth, major projects for ecological system protection and restoration have progressed smoothly, nuclear and radiation safety have been effectively guaranteed, ecological civilization construction has achieved remarkable results, and the construction of beautiful China has taken important steps. China has become an important participant, contributor and leader in global ecological civilization construction.

At the same time, China’s ecological civilization construction and ecological environment protection are facing many difficulties and challenges, and there are many shortcomings. Some localities and departments do not have a good understanding of ecological environmental protection and their responsibilities are not implemented; The contradiction between economic and social development and ecological environment protection is still outstanding, and the carrying capacity of resources and environment has reached or approached the upper limit; Urban and rural areas are not well coordinated, new and old environmental problems are intertwined, regional, layout and structural environmental risks are prominent, and problems such as heavily polluted weather, black and odorous water bodies, garbage siege and ecological destruction occur from time to time. These problems have become important sufferings of people’s livelihood and people’s hearts, bottlenecks of sustainable economic and social development, and obvious shortcomings of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

Entering the new era, solving the contradiction between people’s growing needs for a better life and unbalanced development puts forward many new requirements for ecological environment protection. At present, the construction of ecological civilization is in a critical period of pressure superposition and heavy burden, and it has entered a critical period of providing more high-quality ecological products to meet the growing needs of the people’s beautiful ecological environment, and it has also reached a window period when it has the conditions and ability to solve outstanding ecological environment problems. We must intensify efforts, speed up governance, step up tackling key problems, fight a landmark major battle, and create a good production and living environment for the people.

Second, thoroughly implement the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inherits the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, conforms to the trend of the times and the wishes of the people, stands at the strategic height of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation, and profoundly answers major theoretical and practical questions such as why to build an ecological civilization, what kind of ecological civilization to build, how to build an ecological civilization, etc., and systematically forms the ecological civilization thought of the Supreme Leader, which effectively guides the historical achievements and changes in ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection.

Adhere to ecological prosperity, then civilization will flourish. Building ecological civilization is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, which is beneficial to the present and the future, and is related to the well-being of the people and the future of the nation.

Adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Protecting nature means protecting mankind, and building ecological civilization means benefiting mankind. We must respect, conform to and protect nature, protect the ecological environment like protecting our eyes, treat the ecological environment like life, promote the formation of a new pattern of harmonious development and modernization between man and nature, and naturally be quiet, harmonious and beautiful.

Stick to Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Green water and green mountains are not only natural wealth, ecological wealth, but also social wealth and economic wealth. Protecting the ecological environment means protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment means developing productive forces. We must adhere to and implement the concept of green development, balance and handle the relationship between development and protection, promote the formation of green development mode and lifestyle, and unswervingly follow the civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology.

Adhering to a good ecological environment is the most inclusive welfare of people’s livelihood. The construction of ecological civilization is closely related to everyone. Environment is people’s livelihood, green hills are beautiful, and blue sky is also happiness. We must persist in taking the people as the center, focus on solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health, and provide more high-quality ecological products.

Adhere to the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass as a community of life. Ecological environment is a unified organic whole. We must build an ecological environment management system according to the idea of system engineering, focus on expanding environmental capacity and ecological space, and carry out ecological environment protection in all directions, regions and processes.

Adhere to the strictest system and the strictest rule of law to protect the ecological environment. Protecting the ecological environment must rely on the system and the rule of law. We must build a complete system of ecological civilization system with clear property rights, multiple participation, equal emphasis on incentives and constraints, and make the system a rigid and untouchable high-voltage line.

Adhere to the national action to build a beautiful China. Beautiful China is a common cause for the people to participate in and build together. We must strengthen the propaganda and education of ecological civilization, firmly establish the values and codes of conduct of ecological civilization, and turn the construction of beautiful China into the conscious action of the whole people.

Insist on conspiring to build global ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization is an important part of building a community of human destiny. We must help each other in the same boat and work together to build an ecological system that respects nature and green development, promote global ecological environment governance, and build a clean and beautiful world.

The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought provides direction guidance and fundamental follow-up for promoting the construction of beautiful China and realizing the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and must be used to arm the mind, guide practice and promote work. It is necessary to educate the broad masses of cadres to strengthen the "four consciousnesses", establish a correct view of political achievements, implement the major deployment and important tasks of ecological civilization construction, and make a good ecological environment a growth point for people’s happy life, a support point for sustained and healthy economic and social development, and a force point to show China’s good image.

Third, comprehensively strengthen the party’s leadership over ecological environmental protection

Strengthening the protection of ecological environment and resolutely fighting the tough battle of pollution prevention and control are major decision-making arrangements of the Party and the state. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen the overall design, organization and leadership of ecological civilization construction and ecological environment protection, coordinate and handle major issues, and guide, promote and urge all localities and departments to implement major policies and measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

(a) the implementation of the main responsibility of the party and government. We will implement the responsibility system for leading cadres’ ecological civilization construction, and strictly implement the responsibility of the party and government, with one post and two responsibilities. Local party committees and governments at all levels must resolutely shoulder the political responsibility for the construction of ecological civilization and the protection of ecological environment, and take overall responsibility for the protection of ecological environment and the quality of ecological environment in their respective administrative areas. The main person in charge is the first person responsible for the protection of ecological environment in their respective administrative areas, who studies the protection of ecological environment at least once a quarter, and other relevant leading members bear corresponding responsibilities within the scope of their duties. All localities should formulate a list of responsibilities and implement the task decomposition to relevant departments. Pay close attention to the introduction of the list of ecological environmental protection responsibilities of the relevant departments of the central and state organs. All relevant departments should fulfill their responsibilities of ecological environmental protection and formulate annual work plans and measures for ecological environmental protection. The implementation of various regions and departments shall be reported to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council every year.

Improve the environmental protection supervision mechanism. Improve the central and provincial environmental protection supervision system, formulate regulations on environmental protection supervision, focus on solving outstanding ecological environment problems, improving ecological environment quality and promoting high-quality development, consolidate the political responsibility of ecological civilization construction and ecological environment protection, and promote the in-depth development of environmental protection supervision. We will improve the mechanism of supervision, assignment, inspection, interview and special inspection, and carry out special inspections in key regions, key fields and key industries.

(2) Strengthen the accountability of assessment. Formulate measures for assessing the effectiveness of the Party committees, people’s congresses, governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and relevant departments of the central and state organs, and conduct assessments on the implementation of ecological environmental protection legislation, the completion of annual work objectives and tasks, the quality of the ecological environment, the use of funds, and public satisfaction. All localities refer to the detailed rules for the implementation of the assessment. Carry out the outgoing audit of natural resources assets of leading cadres. The assessment results serve as an important basis for the comprehensive assessment, reward and punishment, appointment and dismissal of leading bodies and leading cadres.

Strict accountability. If the Party committees and governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and the relevant departments of the central and state organs responsible for ecological environmental protection are not resolute and thorough in implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the implementation of the responsibility system for ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection is not in place, the task of tackling key problems in pollution prevention is seriously lagging behind, and regional ecological environmental problems are prominent, interview the main responsible persons, and instruct them to make in-depth inspections to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. For the cities and counties whose annual targets and tasks are not completed and the assessment is unqualified, the principal leaders of the party and government and members of the relevant leading bodies shall not be appraised first. Cadres who are responsible for causing serious damage to the ecological environment shall not be promoted or transferred to important positions. Those who make blind decisions regardless of the ecological environment, examine and approve development and utilization plans and construction projects in violation of laws and regulations, those who cause deterioration of the quality of the ecological environment and serious ecological damage, those who frequently have high incidence of ecological environmental incidents, fail to respond effectively, and those who fail to implement the responsibility for ecological environmental protection, buck passing, and fail to complete the task, shall be strictly accountable according to discipline and law, and be held accountable for life.

IV. Overall objectives and basic principles

(a) the overall goal. By 2020, the overall quality of the ecological environment will be improved, the total discharge of major pollutants will be greatly reduced, environmental risks will be effectively controlled, and the level of ecological environmental protection will be compatible with the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

Specific indicators: National Fine Particles (PM)2.5The concentration of substandard cities at prefecture level and above decreased by more than 18% compared with 2015, and the ratio of days with excellent air quality in cities at prefecture level and above reached more than 80%; The proportion of class I-III surface water bodies in China is over 70%, and the proportion of inferior class V water bodies is controlled within 5%. The proportion of excellent water quality (Grade I and II) in coastal waters reaches about 70%; The emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides decreased by more than 15% compared with 2015, and the emissions of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen decreased by more than 10%; The safe utilization rate of polluted cultivated land reaches about 90%, and the safe utilization rate of polluted land reaches more than 90%; The red line area of ecological protection accounts for about 25%; The forest coverage rate reached more than 23.04%.

By speeding up the construction of an ecological civilization system, we will ensure that by 2035, the spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle of resource conservation and ecological environment protection will be generally formed, the quality of ecological environment will be fundamentally improved, and the goal of beautiful China will be basically achieved. By the middle of this century, ecological civilization will be improved in an all-round way and the national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment will be modernized.

(2) Basic principles

-Adhere to the priority of protection. We will implement the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality, and the hard constraints on resource utilization, deepen the structural reform on the supply side, promote the formation of a green development mode and lifestyle, and unswervingly follow the civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology.

-Strengthen problem orientation. Focusing on improving the quality of the ecological environment, focusing on the characteristics of river basins, regions and industries, focusing on problems, classifying policies and making precise efforts, and constantly achieving new results, so that the people have more sense of gain.

-Highlight reform and innovation. Deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of ecological environmental protection, make overall plans, plan systematically, strengthen coordination and integration, regional cooperation and integration, strictly enforce environmental standards, improve economic policies, enhance scientific and technological support and capacity guarantee, and enhance the systematicness, integrity and synergy of ecological environmental governance.

-pay attention to supervision according to law. We will improve the system of laws and regulations on ecological environmental protection, improve the linkage mechanism between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice in ecological environmental protection, and severely punish illegal and criminal acts of ecological environment according to law.

-promoting common governance by the whole people. The government, enterprises and the public do their part and work together. The government actively plays a leading role, enterprises take the initiative to assume the main responsibility of environmental governance, and the public consciously practices green life.

V. Promoting the formation of a green development mode and lifestyle

Adhere to the priority of saving, strengthen source control, change the development mode, cultivate and expand emerging industries, promote the intelligent and clean transformation of traditional industries, accelerate the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries, comprehensively save energy resources, and jointly promote high-quality economic development and high-level ecological environment protection.

(1) Promote the development of green and low-carbon economic cycle. Carry out planning environmental assessment on key areas, key river basins, key industries and industrial layout, and adjust and optimize the industrial layout, scale and structure that do not meet the functional orientation of ecological environment. Strictly control environmental risk projects in key river basins and key regions. Centralized rectification of national new districts, industrial parks, high-tech zones, etc., and transformation of standards within a time limit. Accelerate the relocation and transformation of heavily polluting enterprises and hazardous chemicals enterprises in urban built-up areas and key river basins. Before the end of 2018, relevant city governments will formulate special plans for this and make them public. Promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries and build a green industrial chain system. We will continue to resolve the excess capacity, and it is strictly forbidden to add new capacity in industries such as steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum and flat glass. If it is really necessary to build new ones, we must implement equal or reduced replacement. Accelerate the relocation and transformation project of hazardous chemicals production enterprises. Improve pollution emission standards, intensify the elimination of backward production capacity in key industries such as steel, and encourage all localities to formulate policies to eliminate backward production capacity with wider scope and stricter standards. Build a market-oriented green technology innovation system and strengthen the green management of product life cycle. Vigorously develop energy-saving and environmental protection industries, clean production industries and clean energy industries, strengthen the guidance of scientific and technological innovation, focus on guiding green consumption, vigorously improve the technical equipment level of green industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection and resource recycling, and cultivate and develop a number of key enterprises. Vigorously develop energy-saving and environmental service industries, implement contract energy management and contract water-saving management, and actively explore new models such as regional environmental custody services.Encourage the development of new formats and model innovation. In energy, metallurgy, building materials, nonferrous metals, chemicals, electroplating, papermaking, printing and dyeing, agricultural and sideline food processing and other industries, we will comprehensively promote clean production transformation or clean transformation.

(2) Promoting the overall conservation of energy resources. We will strengthen the actions of controlling the total amount and intensity of energy and water resources consumption and construction land, and implement the strictest farmland protection, land conservation and water resources management system. Implement the national water-saving action, improve the water price formation mechanism, and promote the construction of water-saving society and water-saving city. By 2020, the total water consumption in the country will be controlled within 670 billion cubic meters. Improve the standard system of energy-saving, water-saving, land-saving, material-saving and mine-saving, greatly reduce the energy consumption and material consumption of key industries and enterprises, implement the extended producer responsibility system, and realize the circular link between production system and living system. Encourage new buildings to adopt green building materials, vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, and increase the proportion of new green buildings. Focusing on the heating areas in the north, we will promote the energy-saving transformation of existing residential buildings. Actively respond to climate change and take effective measures to ensure the completion of the action goal of controlling greenhouse gas emissions in 2020. Solidly promote the construction of the national carbon emission trading market, and make overall plans to deepen the low-carbon pilot.

(3) Guide the public to live a green life. Strengthen the publicity and education of ecological civilization, advocate a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and oppose extravagance and waste and unreasonable consumption. Carry out actions such as creating green families, green schools, green communities, green shopping malls and green restaurants. We will promote green consumption, introduce norms and standards for new formats such as express delivery and sharing economy, and promote green products such as environmental label products and organic products. Advocate green living, save water and electricity, and reasonably control the indoor temperature of air conditioning in summer and heating in winter. Vigorously develop public transportation and encourage green trips such as cycling and walking.

Sixth, resolutely win the blue sky defense war

Prepare and implement a three-year battle plan to win the blue sky defense war, focus on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, Fenwei Plain and other key areas, adjust and optimize the industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure and land use structure, strengthen regional joint defense and control, and deal with heavy pollution weather, and further significantly reduce PM.2.5Concentration, significantly reduce the days of heavy pollution, significantly improve the quality of the atmospheric environment, and significantly enhance people’s blue sky happiness.

(1) Strengthen the comprehensive control of air pollution in industrial enterprises. Comprehensively rectify "scattered pollution" enterprises and clusters, carry out dragnet investigation and list-based, ledger-based and grid-based management, and implement measures such as shutting down and banning, integrated relocation, rectification and upgrading. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas will be completed before the end of 2018, and other key areas will be completed before the end of 2019. Resolutely shut down enterprises with incomplete land use and industrial and commercial procedures that are difficult to meet the standards through transformation, and treat enterprises that can meet the standards within a time limit, and all enterprises will be shut down after the deadline. Strengthen the unorganized emission management of industrial enterprises, promote the comprehensive improvement of volatile organic compounds emissions, and carry out pilot projects to control atmospheric ammonia emissions. By 2020, the total emission of volatile organic compounds will drop by more than 10% compared with 2015. In key areas and cities with serious air pollution, efforts will be made to reduce the production capacity of steel, foundry, coking, building materials and electrolytic aluminum, and special emission limits for air pollutants will be implemented. Intensify the elimination of coal-fired generating units with high emissions and heavy pollution, and accelerate the promotion in key areas. By 2020, all coal-fired power plants with transformation conditions will complete ultra-low emission transformation, and high-pollution coal-fired power plants without transformation conditions in key areas will be gradually shut down. Promote ultra-low emission transformation in industries such as steel.

(2) Vigorously promote loose coal control and coal consumption reduction substitution. Increase the use of clean energy, broaden the channels for the consumption of clean energy, and implement the policy of fully guaranteed acquisition of renewable energy power generation. Develop nuclear power safely and efficiently. Promote clean and low-carbon energy to get online first. Accelerate the construction of key transmission channels and increase the proportion of external transmission in key areas. According to local conditions, accelerate the implementation of the five-year plan for clean heating in winter in northern China. Encourage clean energy such as waste heat and shallow geothermal energy for heating. Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of coalbed methane (coal mine gas) and implement the biological natural gas project. By 2020, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding plain areas and Fenwei Plain will basically complete the replacement of loose coal for living and heating in winter; The total coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and the Pearl River Delta region decreased by about 10% compared with 2015, and the total coal consumption in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Fenwei Plain decreased by about 5%. Coal-fired boilers below 35 tons per hour will be basically eliminated in key areas. Promote clean and efficient coal-fired boilers.

(3) Fight a tough battle for pollution control of diesel trucks. Taking the special rectification of excessive emission of diesel trucks as the starting point, we will make overall plans to carry out oil, road and vehicle management and pollution prevention of motor vehicles and ships. Severely crack down on illegal activities such as the production and sale of substandard vehicles and the detection and fraud of emission inspection agencies. Accelerate the elimination of old cars and encourage the promotion and use of clean energy vehicles and ships. We will build a motor vehicle emission monitoring system that integrates "heaven, earth, vehicles and people" and improve the motor vehicle remote sensing monitoring network. We will promote the transfer of goods from key industrial enterprises and industrial parks such as steel, electric power, electrolytic aluminum and coking to railway transportation. Significantly increase the proportion of railway and waterway freight transportation of bulk goods in key areas, and increase the proportion of container railways in coastal ports. In key areas, the national six emission standards for motor vehicles will be implemented in advance, and the atmospheric emission standards for ships and off-road mobile machinery will be strictly implemented. Encourage the elimination of old ships, construction machinery and agricultural machinery. We will implement the management policies of ship emission control zones in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei waters around Bohai Sea, and take the lead in using shore power in major ports and ports in emission control zones. By 2020, the Yangtze River trunk line, the Xijiang shipping trunk line, the water service area of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and the anchorage to be locked will basically have the power supply capacity for ships. From January 1, 2019, the country will supply motor gasoline and motor diesel that meet the national six standards, and strive to supply key areas in advance. Realize the integration of vehicle diesel, ordinary diesel and some ship oil standards as soon as possible. Direct ships in inland rivers and rivers must use diesel oil with sulfur content not more than 10 mg/kg.Severely crack down on the production, sale and use of non-standard vehicle (ship) fuel, and thoroughly eliminate black gas stations.

(4) Strengthen land greening and dust control. Actively promote the comprehensive improvement of open-pit mines and speed up environmental restoration and greening. We will carry out large-scale land greening operations, strengthen the construction of sand control belts in the north, implement sandstorm source control projects in Beijing and Tianjin, and key shelter forest projects to increase forest and grass coverage. In the process of resolving, updating and adjusting urban functions, vacating space is given priority to leaving blank space and increasing green space. Implement dust control on urban roads and construction sites within the city.

(5) Effectively respond to heavily polluted weather. Strengthen joint prevention, control and treatment of key areas, unify early warning grading standards, information release and emergency response, take emergency emission reduction measures in advance, and implement regional emergency linkage to effectively reduce pollution levels. Improve the emergency plan, clarify the emergency responsibilities of the government, departments and enterprises, and scientifically determine the control measures and pollution source emission reduction list during heavy pollution. Guide the public to do a good job of health protection in heavily polluted weather. Promote the construction of forecasting and early warning system, and further improve the national air quality forecasting ability before the end of 2018. The regional forecasting center has the air quality forecasting ability for 7 to 10 days, and the provincial forecasting center has the air quality forecasting ability for 7 days and is accurate to the cities under its jurisdiction. During the heating season in key areas, enterprises in key industries such as steel, coking, building materials, casting, electrolytic aluminum and chemical industry will be subject to peak-shifting production. During the period of heavy pollution, the key enterprises involved in the transportation of bulk raw materials and products, such as steel, coking, nonferrous metals, electric power and chemical industry, will be transported by peak shifting; Strengthen dust control measures in urban construction sites and strengthen road machine sweeping. Open burning of straw is strictly prohibited according to law, and comprehensive utilization is promoted. By 2020, the number of days of heavy pollution in cities at prefecture level and above will be reduced by 25% compared with 2015.

Seven, focus on fighting the battle of clear water.

In-depth implementation of the action plan for water pollution prevention and control, solidly promote the system of making rivers long and lakes long, adhere to both pollution reduction and ecological expansion, speed up the rectification of industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution sources and aquatic ecosystems, ensure the safety of drinking water, eliminate urban black and odorous water bodies, and reduce water bodies that are seriously polluted and substandard.

(1) Fight a tough battle for water source protection. Strengthen the whole process management of source water, factory water, pipe network water and peripheral water. Delineate centralized drinking water source protection areas and promote standardized construction. Strengthen the protection of water sources and ecological environment along the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Deepen the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. Comprehensively investigate and rectify violations of laws and regulations in urban water source protection areas at or above the county level. The Yangtze River Economic Belt will be completed before the end of 2018 and other regions before the end of 2019. Cities at or above the prefecture level with single water supply should build emergency water sources or standby water sources. Regularly monitor (inspect) and evaluate the water quality of centralized drinking water sources, water supply units and users’ faucets, and the cities at or above the county level shall be open to the public at least once every quarter.

(two) to fight the battle against urban black and odorous water bodies. We will implement the three-year action of "improving quality and increasing efficiency" in urban sewage treatment, speed up the completion of short-board urban sewage collection and treatment facilities, and realize full coverage, full collection and full treatment of sewage pipe network as soon as possible. To improve the sewage treatment charging policy, all localities should adjust the sewage treatment charging standard as soon as possible according to the regulations, and in principle, they should compensate for the normal operation of sewage treatment and sludge disposal facilities and make reasonable profits. The central government will give appropriate support to the central and western regions. Strengthen the construction of rainwater collection and treatment facilities in the early stage of the city to effectively reduce urban non-point source pollution. By 2020, the proportion of black and odorous water bodies in built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above will reach over 90%. Encourage the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban built-up areas to completely eliminate black and odorous water bodies as soon as possible.

(3) Fight a tough battle for the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River. Carry out investigation and evaluation of ecological hidden dangers and environmental risks in the Yangtze River basin, delimit high-risk areas, and strictly implement ecological and environmental risk prevention and control measures. Optimize the industrial layout and scale of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and prohibit polluting industries and enterprises from transferring to the upper and middle reaches. Investigate and rectify the sewage outlets into rivers and lakes and substandard water bodies, and the municipal and county governments shall formulate and implement the plan for reaching the standard within a time limit. By 2020, the Yangtze river basin will basically eliminate the inferior V water bodies. Strengthen the prevention and control of pollution from ships and ports. All existing ships will be upgraded to the standard by 2020, and the sanitation facilities and sewage treatment facilities of ports and ship repair plants will be included in the urban facilities construction plan. Strengthen ecological protection along rivers and lakes, repair aquatic ecosystems such as wetlands, and build artificial wetlands to purify water according to local conditions. Implement joint dispatching of reservoirs in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin to ensure the basic ecological water use of the main stream, main tributaries and lakes.

(4) Fight a tough battle for comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea. Focus on the Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay, Laizhou Bay, Liaohe Estuary and Yellow River Estuary in the Bohai Sea area to promote the comprehensive improvement of estuaries and bays. Comprehensively rectify the pollution sources into the sea, standardize the setting of sewage outlets into the sea, and clean up all illegal sewage outlets. Strictly control marine pollution caused by mariculture, and promote the prevention and clean-up of marine garbage. Take the lead in implementing the total amount control system of major pollutants discharged into the sea in Bohai, strengthen joint prevention and control of land and sea pollution, and strengthen the management and supervision of rivers entering the sea. Implement the strictest control over reclamation and shoreline development, and make overall arrangements for marine space utilization activities. It is forbidden to approve new reclamation projects in Bohai Sea, and guide the projects that meet the national industrial policy to digest the existing reclamation resources. The projects that have been approved but have not started should be re-evaluated and cleaned up according to law.

(5) Fight a tough battle for pollution control in agriculture and rural areas. Guided by the construction of beautiful and livable villages, we will continue to carry out rural human settlements improvement actions to achieve full coverage of environmental improvement in administrative villages across the country. By 2020, the living environment in rural areas will be significantly improved, and the village environment will be basically clean, tidy and orderly. The quality of living environment in basic and conditional areas such as the eastern region and the suburbs of central and western cities will be comprehensively improved, and a long-term management and protection mechanism will be initially established; The areas with good foundation and basic conditions in the central and western regions strive to control about 90% of village domestic garbage, and the popularization rate of sanitary toilets reaches about 85%, and the disorderly discharge and disposal of domestic sewage is controlled. Reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, revise and strictly implement the quality standards of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, strictly control the use of high-toxic and high-risk pesticides, promote the substitution of organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizers, green prevention and control of pests and diseases for chemical prevention and recycling of waste agricultural films, and improve the recycling system of waste plastic films and packaging wastes. By 2020, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will achieve zero growth. Adhere to the combination of planting and breeding, and consume and utilize livestock and poultry breeding waste on the spot. Rational layout of aquaculture space, further promote healthy aquaculture, and carry out comprehensive improvement of aquaculture methods that destroy the ecological environment in key rivers, lakes and reservoirs and key coastal waters. By 2020, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure in China will reach more than 75%, and the matching rate of manure treatment facilities and equipment in large-scale farms will reach more than 95%.

Eight, solidly promote the defense of pure land.

Fully implement the action plan for soil pollution prevention and control, highlight key areas, industries and pollutants, and effectively control the soil environmental risks of agricultural land and urban construction land.

(1) Strengthen soil pollution control and remediation. Strengthen the classified management of cultivated land soil environment. Strictly control heavily polluted cultivated land, and it is strictly forbidden to grow edible agricultural products in heavily polluted cultivated land. Implement major projects to control and protect the soil environment of cultivated land, and carry out investigation and rectification of heavy metal industries in key areas. Before the end of 2018, complete the detailed investigation of soil pollution in agricultural land. Before the end of 2020, the classified list of cultivated land soil environmental quality will be compiled. Establish a list of soil pollution risk control and restoration of construction land, and the land included in the list that has not been rehabilitated shall not be used as residential, public management and public service land. Establish a linkage supervision mechanism for contaminated plots, incorporate the soil environmental management requirements of construction land into land use planning and land supply management, strictly control land access, and strengthen risk management and control of temporarily developing contaminated plots. Before the end of 2020, the investigation of soil pollution in key industries and enterprises will be completed. Strict environmental supervision of demolition activities in the process of relocation and transformation of enterprises in key industries with soil pollution.

(2) Accelerate the classified treatment of garbage. By 2020, we will achieve full coverage of domestic waste treatment capacity in all cities and counties, and basically complete the rectification of informal garbage dumps; Municipalities directly under the central government, cities with separate plans, provincial capitals and the first batch of classified demonstration cities have basically established domestic waste sorting and treatment systems. Promote the recycling of waste and vigorously develop waste incineration to generate electricity. Promote the local classification, resource utilization and treatment of rural waste, and establish a network system for the collection, transformation and utilization of rural organic waste.

(3) Strengthening the prevention and control of solid waste pollution. We will completely ban the entry of foreign garbage, severely crack down on smuggling, greatly reduce the types and quantities of solid waste imports, and strive to basically achieve zero import of solid waste by the end of 2020. Carry out the pilot project of "waste-free city" to promote the resource utilization of solid waste. Investigate and evaluate the generation, storage, utilization and disposal of hazardous wastes in key industrial sectors. Improve the management system of hazardous waste business license and transfer, establish an information supervision system, improve the capacity of hazardous waste treatment and disposal, and implement the whole process supervision. Severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as illegal cross-border transfer and dumping of hazardous wastes. Deepen the investigation of solid waste in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Assess the risk status of toxic and harmful chemicals in the ecological environment, strictly limit the production, use, import and export of high-risk chemicals, and gradually eliminate and replace them.

Nine, accelerate ecological protection and restoration

Adhere to natural restoration, coordinate the national ecological protection and restoration, comprehensively delineate and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection, and improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem.

(1) Delineate and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection. In accordance with the principle that all the ecological functions should be protected and all the areas should be zoned, areas with important ecological functions and sensitive and fragile ecological environment should be included in the red line of ecological protection. By 2020, the national red line of ecological protection will be delineated and surveyed in an all-round way, forming a national "one map" of the red line of ecological protection, and realizing a red line to control important ecological space. Formulate and implement measures for the management of ecological protection red line, protection and restoration plan, build a national ecological protection red line supervision platform, and carry out monitoring, early warning and evaluation of ecological protection red line.

(2) Resolutely investigate and deal with ecological damage. Before the end of 2018, local governments at or above the county level will comprehensively investigate violations of laws and regulations, such as occupying ecological space and destroying natural relics, and formulate plans for governance and restoration and make them public. Carry out special rectification of dangerous tailings ponds and "overhead reservoirs". We will continue to carry out special actions for the supervision and inspection of the "Green Shield" nature reserve, seriously investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal acts, and carry out rectification and repair within a time limit.

(3) Establish a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body. By 2020, the approval and demarcation of the national nature reserves will be completed, a number of national parks will be integrated, and relevant laws and regulations and management systems for nature reserves will be basically established. We will implement closed management in areas with serious ecological degradation, steadily implement returning farmland to forests and grasslands and returning grazing to grasslands, expand the pilot project of rotation and fallow, and comprehensively implement the system of grazing prohibition and grazing suspension and the balance of grassland and livestock. Solve the problem of reasonable withdrawal of mining rights in nature reserves according to law and regulations. Protect natural forests in an all-round way, promote comprehensive management of desertification, rocky desertification and soil erosion, and strengthen wetland protection and restoration. Strengthen the management of closed fishing, promote the prohibition and restriction of fishing in key waters such as the Yangtze River and Bohai Sea, strengthen the construction of marine pastures, and increase the proliferation and release of fishery resources. Promote the recuperation of cultivated land, grasslands, forests, rivers, lakes and oceans.

X. Reform and improve the ecological environment governance system.

Deepen the reform of the ecological environment protection management system, improve the ecological environment management system, speed up the construction of the ecological environment governance system, improve the safeguard measures, enhance the system and integrity, and greatly enhance the governance capacity.

(1) Improve the ecological environment supervision system. Integrate decentralized ecological environmental protection responsibilities, strengthen unified supervision of ecological protection and restoration and pollution prevention and control, establish and improve the leadership and management system of ecological environmental protection, the system of encouraging and restraining simultaneously, and the system of public co-governance of government enterprises. We will comprehensively complete the reform of the vertical management system for monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of eco-environmental institutions below the provincial level, and promote the capacity building of comprehensive law enforcement teams, especially grassroots teams. Improve the rural environmental governance system. Improve the ecological environment management system of regional river basins, promote the pilot of cross-regional environmental protection agencies, speed up the establishment of river basin environmental supervision and law enforcement agencies, and set up supervision agencies according to sea areas. Establish an independent, authoritative and efficient ecological environment monitoring system, build an ecological environment monitoring network integrating heaven and earth, realize national and regional ecological environment quality forecasting, early warning and quality control, and accelerate relevant work in accordance with the requirements of moderately collecting ecological environment quality monitoring power. Provincial Party committees and governments should speed up the determination of the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality, and the on-line utilization of resources, and formulate the list of access to ecological environment. They should not make flexible breakthroughs or lower standards in local legislation, policy formulation, planning and law enforcement supervision, and complete the adjustment before the end of 2020 if they do not meet the requirements. Implement unified supervision of the ecological environment. Carry out the compensation system for ecological environment damage. Formulate ecological environment protection plans, carry out national ecological environment assessment, and establish a comprehensive monitoring platform for ecological environment protection. Promote the demonstration of ecological civilization and the construction of practice and innovation base in Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

Strict ecological environment quality management. The quality of ecological environment can only be better, not worse. Areas with up-to-standard ecological environment quality should remain stable and continuously improve; The municipal and county governments in areas where the ecological environment quality is not up to standard should formulate and implement the plan for reaching the standard within a time limit before the end of 2018, and file it with the higher authorities and make it public. Accelerate the implementation of the pollutant discharge permit system, implement the whole process management and multi-pollutant coordinated control of fixed pollution sources, issue pollutant discharge permits according to industries, regions and time limits, fully implement the pollution control responsibilities of enterprises, and strengthen post-certification supervision and punishment. In the Yangtze River Economic Belt, it is the first to implement the joint management of pollution source discharge, sewage outlet discharge and water quality. In 2020, the sewage permit system will be built into the core system of fixed source environmental management, and "one certificate" management will be realized. Improve environmental credit evaluation, mandatory disclosure of information, severe punishment and other systems. Incorporate enterprise environmental credit information into the national credit information sharing platform and the national enterprise credit information publicity system, and publicize it to the public through the "Credit China" website and the national enterprise credit information publicity system according to law. Supervise market entities such as listed companies and bond issuing enterprises to disclose environmental information comprehensively, timely and accurately. Establish an inter-departmental joint reward and punishment mechanism. Improve the coordination mechanism of national nuclear safety work and strengthen the overall planning of nuclear safety work.

(2) Improve the economic policy system for ecological environmental protection. Capital investment is inclined to the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, insisting on matching investment with the tough task, and increasing financial investment. Gradually establish a normalized and stable financial capital investment mechanism. Expand the scope of pilot cities where the central government supports clean heating in the northern region, and state-owned capital should increase investment in pollution prevention and control. Improve the pricing mechanism and subsidy policy for residents’ heating gas and electricity. We will increase the transfer payments from the central government to areas with important ecological functions, such as national key ecological function area and the red line area of ecological protection, and continue to arrange investment in the central budget to support key ecological function areas. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) set reasonable compensation standards and gradually raise the level of compensation. Improve policies such as price, finance, taxation and investment to help the development of green industries. Vigorously develop financial products such as green credit and green bonds. Establish a national green development fund. Implement price policies that are conducive to resource conservation and ecological environment protection, and implement relevant preferential tax policies. To study the preferential income tax policy for third-party enterprises engaged in pollution prevention and control, and to study and introduce the incentive policy for comprehensive management of "scattered pollution" enterprises. Promote the development of environmental pollution liability insurance and establish a compulsory environmental pollution liability insurance system in areas with high environmental risks. Promote the management and protection of socialized ecological environment. Standardize and support government and social capital cooperation projects by means of direct investment, investment subsidies and operating subsidies; For the environmental performance contract service projects implemented by the government, the level of public finance payment is linked to governance performance.Encourage the implementation of ecological environment management and protection through government purchase of services.

(3) Improve the legal system of ecological environmental protection. Rely on the rule of law to protect the ecological environment and enhance the awareness of the rule of law in the whole society. Accelerate the establishment of a legal system and policy orientation for green production and consumption. Accelerate the formulation and revision of laws and regulations on soil pollution prevention, solid waste pollution prevention, Yangtze River ecological environment protection, marine environment protection, national parks, wetlands, ecological environment monitoring, pollutant discharge permit, comprehensive utilization of resources, spatial planning, and carbon emission trading management. Encourage local governments to legislate before the state in the field of ecological environmental protection. Establish a system of information sharing, case notification and case transfer among comprehensive law enforcement organs, public security organs, procuratorial organs and judicial organs for ecological environmental protection, improve the civil and administrative public interest litigation system in the field of ecological environmental protection, and increase the sanctions and punishments for illegal and criminal acts in the ecological environment. Strengthen the construction of judicial power related to ecological environmental protection. Integrate and form a comprehensive law enforcement team for ecological environmental protection, and uniformly implement law enforcement for ecological environmental protection. The comprehensive law enforcement agencies of ecological environmental protection will be included in the sequence of government administrative law enforcement agencies, and the standardization of law enforcement will be promoted. dressing the, unified identification, unified documents, and unified protection of law enforcement vehicles and equipment will be implemented.

(4) Strengthening the guarantee system of ecological environmental protection capacity. Strengthen scientific and technological support, carry out scientific and technological research in key areas such as the causes and treatment of air pollution, water pollution control and treatment, and soil pollution prevention and control, implement major projects for comprehensive environmental management in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and promote research on regional and watershed ecological environment issues. Complete the second national pollution source survey. Carry out big data application and environmental carrying capacity monitoring and early warning. Carry out environmental and health surveys in key areas, river basins and industries, and establish a risk monitoring network and risk assessment system. Improve the inter-departmental and inter-regional environmental emergency coordination and linkage mechanism, and establish a unified national electronic filing system for environmental emergency plans. The state establishes an environmental emergency material reserve information database, and provincial and municipal governments build environmental emergency material reserves. Enterprise environmental emergency equipment and reserve materials should be included in the reserve system. We will implement the requirements of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, build a standardized, standardized and professional team of eco-environmental protection talents, and build an eco-environmental protection iron army with strong politics, high skills, hard work style, courage to take responsibility, special hardship, special fighting and special dedication. According to the different levels of work responsibilities of provinces, cities, counties and townships, the corresponding work forces are equipped to ensure the needs of performing their duties and ensure the matching with the tasks of ecological environmental protection. Strengthen international exchanges and capacity-building for performance, promote international technical exchanges and pragmatic cooperation in ecological environmental protection, support nuclear safety and nuclear power to go global together, and actively promote the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the construction of the green Belt and Road Initiative.

(V) Building a social action system for ecological environmental protection. Incorporate ecological environmental protection into the national education system and the training system for leading cadres of the party and government, promote the construction of national and local ecological environmental education facilities and places, and cultivate and popularize ecological culture. Public institutions, especially party and government organs, take the lead in using energy-saving and environmental protection products, promoting green office and creating conservation-oriented institutions. Improve the ecological environment news release mechanism and give full play to the role of various media. Provincial and municipal levels should rely on party newspapers, television stations and government websites to expose outstanding environmental problems and report the progress of rectification. Establish a mechanism for preventing and resolving environmental and social risks of the government and enterprises. Improve the environmental information disclosure system, strengthen the information disclosure of major environmental emergencies, and promptly and actively disclose major projects involving the vital interests of the people. Before the end of 2020, qualified environmental protection facilities and urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities in prefecture-level and above cities will be open to the public and accepted by the public. To strengthen the main responsibility of polluters, enterprises should strictly abide by the law, standardize their own environmental behavior, and implement capital investment, material security, ecological environmental protection measures and emergency response main responsibility. Implement a comprehensive discharge plan for industrial pollution sources. Before the end of 2018, all key pollutant discharge units will install automatic online monitoring equipment and network with the competent department of ecological environment to disclose pollutant discharge information according to law. By 2020, the Yangtze River Economic Belt will achieve full coverage of sewage outfall monitoring, and the monitoring data will be included in the comprehensive information platform of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Promote the standardized and healthy development of environmental protection social organizations and volunteer teams,Guide environmental protection social organizations to carry out activities such as ecological environmental protection public interest litigation according to law. Commend units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in protecting and improving the ecological environment in accordance with relevant state regulations. Improve the public supervision and reporting feedback mechanism, protect the legitimate rights and interests of informants, and encourage the establishment of reward reporting funds.

New ideas lead a new era, and new missions start a new journey. Let’s unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, take the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era as the guide, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind his mission, forge ahead and be brave in taking responsibility, comprehensively strengthen ecological environmental protection, resolutely fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, and make unremitting efforts to win the Chinese dream of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Authors: Guangming Daily Joint Research Group

　　editorial comment/note

　　Parent-child reading, with books as the medium and reading as the link, allows children and parents to share various forms of reading process, and is also one of the most effective ways to make children fall in love with reading. "Family is the first school in life, and parents are the first teachers of children, so we should teach them well ‘ The first lesson of life ’ Help to buckle the first button in life. " In 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the National Education Conference, which profoundly explained the significance of family education. In 2021, the State Council promulgated the China Children’s Development Program (2021— 2030), put forward the requirements of further strengthening parent-child reading guidance, cultivating children’s good reading habits, and recommending excellent children’s bibliographies by age group. What are the new trends of parent-child reading in China at present? What shortcomings are there? Guangming Daily reporter and the research group of the National Art Foundation of China Communication University, "Taking beauty as the medium: a tour of China’s original picture books", investigated the current situation of parent-child reading in China, and on this basis, put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to form a benign co-reading ecological circle.

　　In a park in yuqing county, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, parents are reading with their children. Xinhua news agency

　　In front of the desk when the lights are on, children and adults snuggle up to each other and feel the joy of role reading; In the holiday library, children’s literature and picture book authors gather here to explain the mystery of children’s books for readers’ families; In the picture library in the corner community, adults and children sit around and listen carefully to the explanation of the guide … … Books open a window for children’s world, and "parent-child reading" has become an important bridge between them and the world.

　　Parent-child reading has gradually become a new trend in reading practice for all.

　　Reading status is improving day by day, and value cognition is recognized."Since my child was born, I began to buy all kinds of picture books, such as cloth books, hole books, touch books and sticker books … … Some books have been turned over hundreds of times. " Ms. Ren from Hefei, Anhui Province often shares her experience in choosing books for her children on social platforms. She told the research team that although the children just entered the first grade, the school has reading classes every week, and parents and children are also required to complete some parent-child reading tasks at home. Ms. Ren recalled that when she was a child, she rarely heard the expression of "parent-child reading", but now it has become a very popular family activity. Among the 1,610 valid questionnaires collected in this survey, over 90% of the parents and children interviewed had the experience of parent-child reading together. In addition, the survey also found that even if there is no parent-child reading related task assigned by the school, 78% of the parents interviewed will actively carry out parent-child reading activities.

　　In recent years, parent-child reading has not only become a new trend in the reading practice of the whole people, but also promoted the change of family education concept. "Reading together not only makes my relationship with my children closer, but also enables us to get rich knowledge and experience from books." Ms. An, who lives in Dongcheng District, Beijing, believes that parent-child reading is not only a family activity, but also a beneficial educational method. According to the survey data, both parents and children think that parent-child reading is not only helpful to the improvement of parent-child relationship and family value (87.2%), but also promotes the accumulation of children’s humanistic literacy (87.8%), scientific literacy (86.2%) and spiritual literacy (83.8%), and the cultivation of their socialization ability (84.8%) can also help children’s long-term development. Parent-child reading has become an educational practice that attracts much attention at present.

　　The reading environment is diverse, and the resistance to habit cultivation still exists.Share wonderful books, promote classic works and hold reading activities … … Ms. Zhao, who runs a picture book library near Orson Park in Beijing, said: "I am also a mother. Like the demands of many members, the original intention of organizing the picture book library is to find professional reading guidance and more interesting reading experience for children." It is understood that some first-and second-tier cities in China already have a number of parent-child reading ecosystems consisting of public libraries, community parent-child reading spaces, commercial picture books and children’s bookstores. Among the families interviewed, in addition to traditional scenes such as their bedrooms and study rooms (89.3%), parent-child reading is also distributed in libraries and bookstores (42.1%), picture books and children’s book salons (14.9%), schools and educational institutions (13.8%) and outdoor scenes such as camping (11.5%). Nearly half of the families surveyed have carried out innovative activities of parent-child reading combined with manual DIY, audio-visual images, fun games and drama performances.

　　In terms of reading habits, 36.7% of the families surveyed carry out parent-child reading every day, of which 41.8% and 47.3% are under 15 minutes and 15-30 minutes respectively. The data has been greatly improved compared with previous years, and parent-child reading has gradually become an important part of family life. However, nearly half of the families surveyed said that they didn’t have a fixed reading time and frequency, and they didn’t have the habit of setting the reading schedule in advance. The activities were started and ended at will, mainly because they didn’t have enough time (72.4%).

　　Reading strategies are concerned, and the choice of types is emphasized."The largest number of readers", "the highest evaluation" and "Children must read books" … … Nowadays, there are not a few recommended books circulating on the Internet, but "how to choose the type of reading materials scientifically" is still a puzzle for many parents. At the same time, "how to stimulate parents’ interest in reading" and "how to improve the reading effect" are also the focus of parents’ attention.

　　The survey data shows that, in the aspect of reading materials selection, at present, the type selection of parent-child reading materials in China is generally biased towards cognitive popular science and habit formation, and less attention is paid to aesthetic cultivation, visual thinking and easy decompression reading materials. 58.9% of parents said that they would give priority to their children’s psychological needs and cognitive characteristics. In addition, listening to professional recommendations, referring to popular online rankings and selecting best-sellers in physical bookstores are also common ways for them to choose reading materials. Judging from the initial stage of parent-child reading, nearly 60% of families started parent-child reading before their children entered kindergarten. On the method of co-reading, although most parents will guide their children to expand their thinking on the basis of reading aloud (56.7%), and even let their children be the leader of parent-child reading (22.6%), nearly half of the parents still think that they lack scientific guiding strategies and reading methods in the process of parent-child reading, and one fifth of the parents interviewed only read aloud according to the contents of books. 91% of the parents surveyed believe that there is room for improvement in their parent-child reading skills.

　　The restrictive factors of co-reading and sharing need to be solved urgently

　　At present, China has formed a preliminary understanding of the educational value of parent-child reading, but there are still great differences in the actual implementation effect of parent-child reading among different families. The development of parent-child reading in China is obviously unbalanced.

　　There are differences in cognition, and the development of parent-child reading is uneven.On the one hand, the objective family situation affects the importance attached to parent-child reading. The survey shows that the family’s emphasis on parent-child reading is positively related to parents’ income and education level: families with highly educated parents tend to start parent-child reading in their children’s preschool stage, and they have more parent-child books. They are also willing to spend more time on parent-child reading activities, pay attention to reading expansion and actively seek outside help. In contrast, ordinary families are limited by their parents’ own objective conditions, which leads to their lack of attention to the value of parent-child reading, their late start, their weak initiative in carrying out joint reading activities, and their poor understanding of parent-child reading methods.

　　On the other hand, the society also lacks the resource input and value guidance for parent-child reading. According to the survey, 92.7% of parents want to choose books that can inherit the Chinese spirit and enhance their cultural self-confidence as parent-child books, but more than half of the families in China have original parent-child books, accounting for only 38.3% of all the families interviewed. The research team believes that the degree of social attention to parent-child reading determines the degree of investment in market resources. Only by clarifying the value of parent-child reading and attaching importance to parent-child reading can we further optimize its related resources, system, market and ecology.

　　Experience is lacking, and the level of joint reading and co-construction needs to be improved.It is found that the diversified scene practice of parent-child reading activities in public space is still to be developed. On the one hand, the construction of child-friendly places needs professional design and financial support from relevant social institutions. At present, public space places that can provide rich parent-child reading experience are mainly concentrated in first-and second-tier cities, and many third-and fourth-tier cities are still lacking; On the other hand, the cultivation of parents’ sense of security, trust and user stickiness in public parent-child reading places is also a major test for the operation and management of parent-child reading scenes in public spaces at this stage.

　　In addition, families also lack the spirit of exploration when choosing parent-child reading scenes. Most parents’ parent-child reading activities are still confined to home, and there is little linkage with outdoor natural scenes, online and offline interconnected scenes and other diverse scenes. The survey data shows that the enthusiasm of parent-child reading in outdoor scenes such as camping is much higher than that in traditional family environment, but only 11.5% of families actually read parent-child reading in outdoor scenes.

　　"In order to facilitate children’s electronic reading, I specially bought a tablet computer. However, there are fewer and fewer free content on the platform, the quality of paid content is uneven, and more and more advertisements and task games make children constantly addicted and lose the essence and initial heart of reading. " Mr. Liang, who lives in Chaoyang District, Beijing, admitted to the research team that he was worried about e-reading. The survey shows that although more and more parents are willing to pay for e-books in parent-child reading, only 19.2% of the families surveyed have a positive attitude towards using electronic products to read. The online reading platform has uneven reading quality, lack of supervision, incomplete service system and no guarantee after sale, so parents are worried about e-reading.

　　Links are missing, and the division of roles is out of balance."We don’t have many institutions that professionally guide children’s reading. At first, we mainly bought picture books with some parenting bloggers, but we will also encounter books that don’t match the children’s age or are of unsatisfactory quality." Ms. Ai, who lives in Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, told the research team that these experiences made her have a strong demand for reading guidance in schools, libraries and other professional institutions. It is found that the lack of information links among families, schools and society in some areas makes parents face many obstacles in carrying out parent-child reading. In the survey of providing support for parent-child reading, 32.6% parents most expect to get school support and expect to get parent-child reading guidance from school; In addition, 27.9% parents expect the support of cultural institutions, and expect social organizations to hold more parent-child reading activities and open theme exhibitions for parents and children to read. 60% of parents expect guidance from schools and society on how to scientifically carry out parent-child reading.

　　In addition, the imbalance in the division of labor between parents and children in the family will lead to its failure to achieve the best results. At present, 67.6% of families play the role of bandu by their mothers, while only 18% of families whose fathers are from bandu. Related research shows that the father’s participation is of great significance to the development of children’s early literacy and personality habits.

　　Constructing an Ecosphere for Family, School and Society to "Enjoy" Reading and Educate People

　　At present, the key to the breakthrough development of parent-child reading in China lies in whether the family, school and society can reach a long-term communication. This survey shows that although different families still have differences in the concept, division of labor, experience and effect of parent-child reading, most families have regarded parent-child reading as an important part of family education and actively sought support from the school and society.

　　Many parties attach importance to the practice of parent-child reading, and form the concept of "parent-child+"extensive reading, interest reading, free reading and characteristic reading.Families should take the initiative to understand the value core of extensive reading. According to the actual family conditions, the distribution of leisure time and energy, children’s own interests and other factors, parents’ reading behavior is taken as an example to cultivate children’s good reading habits invisibly, and through various ways such as reading, reading together, listening and communicating, children are guided to establish open reading thinking and convey correct values.

　　Schools should actively guide the form innovation of extensive reading. Combine parent-child reading with in-class teaching and extracurricular activities, improve the campus reading service system, play an exemplary role, and guide the school and family education students to advance together.

　　The society should support and promote the system construction of extensive reading. Guided by carrying forward the national spirit and cultivating socialist core values, we will spread high-quality educational resources through media assistance and cultural public welfare organizations, so that high-quality featured books can enter the eyes of parents and achieve a win-win situation in boosting domestic high-quality original books and enriching the parent-child reading practice.

　　Expand and build an online and offline diversified reading system to create a rich parent-child reading scene.Families should take the initiative to try the parent-child reading experience in new scenes. Give play to parents’ subjective initiative, accept and make good use of new public parent-child reading spaces such as picture books, community shared reading, and city bookstores; At the same time, we can pay attention to the integration of parent-child reading in family activities such as camping, outing, returning home, etc., and choose thematic reading materials to echo the real scene in combination with festivals and specific historical events, so as to create a diversified reading environment for children, cultivate their initiative in reading, and stimulate curiosity and creativity; In addition, we should correctly understand the digital internet platform and reading materials in the development of parent-child reading, and understand the influence of virtual and real internet on children’s reading patterns and forms.

　　Schools should actively build parent-child reading education scenes linking "in-class and out-of-class" and expanding "in-school and out-of-school". We can actively expand the practice scene of parent-child reading by setting up library open days, holding reading month activities and building reading societies. In addition, we should cooperate with digital libraries and Internet media to provide healthy and comprehensive digital reading resources, and at the same time carry out the construction of co-reading communication mechanism in line with children’s cognitive development level.

　　The society should support and promote the construction of multi-scene reading mode and improve the security system. Government departments and cultural institutions should investigate the hidden needs of all localities to carry out open parent-child reading activities, and increase parent-child reading friendly places in public scientific and educational spaces such as libraries, exhibition halls, art galleries, science and technology museums and museums; Relevant enterprises and organizations should also support the establishment of community children’s reading sharing places, so that shared books and shared spaces can become a powerful guarantee for developing new shared parent-child reading and alleviating the pressure of family education; In addition, we should attach importance to the rising Internet parent-child reading scene, strictly control the content quality of digital reading materials, establish an evaluation mechanism, help dispel parents’ concerns about e-reading through trial reading, gift sharing and other means, and exchange high-quality services and guarantees for parents’ trust.

　　Use scientific and technological means to break through the constraints of realistic conditions, promote the habit cultivation, strategy optimization and form innovation of parent-child reading, and activate reading innovation.At present, pop-up book, e-books, audio books and other new concept parent-child reading materials are emerging. Families should be encouraged to expand the single reading of traditional reading materials to the composite reading of various media publications, flexibly use new technologies and new materials to expand parent-child reading methods, optimize the multi-sensory reading experience, and explore multi-dimensional interactive forms.

　　Schools should actively introduce cutting-edge scientific and technological means and strengthen the guidance of scientific methods for parent-child reading. Through WeChat official account, video number and other schools’ media platforms, the popular forms such as live broadcast and short video are used to promote and exchange the results of parent-child reading and encourage the development of parent-child reading activities; At the same time, with the help of the school’s professional education resources and evaluation system, we should help families to screen new forms of reading products such as audio and video, VR and AR that are suitable in the market and introduce them into the campus, provide opportunities for family parent-child reading experience, promote cutting-edge scientific and technological means to enter the family’s field of vision, and stimulate new family reading needs; In addition, we should strengthen the parent-child reading guidance after the integration of new technologies to help families master scientific methods.

　　The society should support the interconnection between the science and technology industry and the education industry, and promote the nationwide reading. On the one hand, it helps to upgrade public spaces, divide public reading spaces such as traditional community libraries and children’s book salons into multi-functional zones, introduce advanced scientific and technological media and gamification strategies of science education, and create parent-child reading spaces jointly built and shared by community groups; On the other hand, we should provide policy support, encourage leading enterprises in science and technology to participate in the design of parent-child reading education products, let the frontier means of science and technology sink to the front line of education, become an auxiliary tool for parent-child activities, and comprehensively improve the reading quality from content to form.

　　Starting with concept innovation and system design, a long-term system of coordination and sharing, reading and educating people will be formed.Families should take the initiative to change outdated educational concepts, pay more attention to emotional bandu, and promote the role of father to participate in family education. Families should improve the division of labor between parents in parent-child reading activities, and expand the main body of parent-child reading activities to family members other than parents to create a reading atmosphere for all family members; The family should take the main responsibility and actively seek communication with the school and society; At the same time, we should balance the proportion of all kinds of parent-child activities and make parent-child reading an important part of children’s education.

　　Schools should help ease the problems encountered in family parent-child reading practice, optimize children’s reading guidance during school, and rationally plan and recommend extracurricular reading books; Establish an interconnection mechanism with parents to help parents learn parent-child reading skills and improve parent-child reading confidence; Maintain communication with social organizations and invite writers, artists, scientists and other creators of reading materials to enter the school for exchange.

　　(Members of the research group of China Communication University: Jia Xiuqing, Han Jiazheng, Jiang Yichen, Zhang Hui, Gong Yixuan, Bao Mingzhe, Wang Yazhen, Zhong Yuchao, etc.; Guangming Daily reporter: Bai Xuelei, Lan Yani, Ji Yaning)

　　Guangming Daily (November 30, 2023, 07 edition)

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