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　　The strength of a political party is rooted in the hearts of the people. The key to a nation’s revival lies in its spirit. A strong nation should have a strong national spirit. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work: "To do a good job in propaganda and ideological work under the new situation, we must consciously undertake the mission of raising flags, gathering people’s hearts, educating new people, rejuvenating culture and displaying image." The vast number of propaganda and ideological workers must consciously undertake the mission entrusted by the new era and make due contributions to promoting the continuous strengthening of propaganda and ideological work and the national spirit.

　　Hold the banner and lay a solid ideological foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, "Doctrine is like a flag. When the flag is erected, everyone will have hope and know where to go." To do a good job in propaganda and ideological work under the new situation, we must hold high the banner of Marxism and Socialism with Chinese characteristics, arm the whole party, educate the people and promote the work with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, constantly consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, and consolidate the common ideological foundation of the United struggle of the whole party and the whole people.

　　Work hard to learn, understand and implement new ideas. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era provides an action guide for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To do a good job in propaganda and ideological work under the new situation, we must use this important ideological education to guide cadres and the masses and constantly improve their political identity, ideological identity, theoretical identity and emotional identity. Propaganda and ideological workers should set an example of learning to understand and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, learn one step at a time and learn one step at a time, so as to be aware of it and use it freely; Take the lead and implement it, and be good at influencing and driving the masses with scientific theories.

　　Be good at explaining conclusions with economic and social development materials. Marxist classical writers have always advocated integrating theory with practice and opposed empty preaching. Lenin believes that Marxism can only be understood and mastered by the masses if it is combined with the realistic workers’ movement. It is emphasized that propaganda and application of Marxism must proceed from the universally recognized facts. Practice has proved that Marxism has provided a powerful ideological weapon for China’s revolution, construction and reform, and enabled China, an ancient eastern power, to create an unprecedented development miracle in human history. Propaganda and ideological workers should be good at using fresh materials of economic and social development to clarify this conclusion through the comparison between today and the past, China and foreign countries.

　　Dare to fight against all kinds of wrong thoughts. At present, China is in a critical period of economic and social transformation, and various social thoughts are competing to speak out. In these thoughts, right and wrong coexist, and advanced and backward are intertwined. Propaganda and ideological workers should deeply understand and master the laws of ideological work, comprehensively analyze and grasp the trends of social ideological trends, constantly enhance political discrimination and political immunity, take a clear-cut stand in upholding the truth and firmly refute fallacies. In the ideological confrontation, it is necessary to analyze things clearly, and strive to convince people with culture and reasoning; We should also dare to show our swords and resolutely fight against erroneous ideological trends.

　　Gather people’s hearts and gather great strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　To realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must unite China’s strength. Propaganda and ideological work is the work of being a man and rallying people’s hearts. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the propaganda and ideological work should adhere to the people-centered principle, in order to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Explain not only the great achievements, but also the practical problems. Propaganda and ideological work should be good at combining the international and domestic situations, closely linking the changes in people’s lives and the examples around them, and clearly explaining the great achievements made in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, especially the historic achievements and changes that have taken place in the cause of the party and the state since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, constantly inspiring confidence and gathering people’s hearts. At present, some people use negative cases to make a fuss and draw some biased conclusions. The key to effectively respond to this kind of query and thoroughly explain the existing problems is to make good use of materialist dialectics, guide cadres and the masses to distinguish the mainstream from tributaries, the individual from the general, the phenomenon from the essence, and clarify the causes and solutions of the problems. Lenin once said, "If you don’t grasp the facts from the whole or from the connection, if the facts are piecemeal and randomly picked out, then they can only be a kind of child’s play, or even worse." To do a good job in propaganda and ideological work, we should describe the facts according to the facts, not only accurately report individual facts, but also grasp and reflect the whole picture of events or things from a macro perspective, as emphasized by the Supreme Leader.

　　Solve both practical problems and ideological problems. The effect of propaganda and ideological work should ultimately be reflected in the recognition of the people. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "All the real life problems of the masses are problems that we should pay attention to. If we pay attention to these problems, solve them and meet the needs of the masses, we will truly become the organizers of mass life, and the masses will truly surround us and enthusiastically support us. " To do a good job in propaganda and ideological work under the new situation, we must take the people’s yearning for a better life as our goal, not only to help the people solve practical problems in their lives, but also to solve their ideological problems, so as to strengthen their confidence, gather people’s hearts, warm people’s hearts and build unity.

　　Educate new people and cultivate fresh troops for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Adhering to and developing the Chinese dream of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is a long-term task, which needs continuous struggle from generation to generation. This determines that propaganda and ideological work should take it as an important duty to train new people of the times who are responsible for national rejuvenation.

　　Build a spiritual foundation with firm ideals and beliefs. In a certain sense, whether young people have firm ideals and beliefs determines whether a country can prosper. Ideals guide the direction of life, and beliefs determine the success or failure of a career. Without firm ideals and beliefs, it will lead to mental "calcium deficiency." To help young people strengthen their ideals and beliefs in propaganda and ideological work, we should strengthen the propaganda and education of Marxist theory, China history and world history, and the basic national conditions of contemporary China according to the individual characteristics, theoretical demands and learning methods of contemporary young people, so that young people can continuously enhance their "four consciousnesses" and always strengthen their "four self-confidences".

　　See the truth in attention, care and love. Winning the majority of young people is the key for a political party to maintain its youthful vitality. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always attached great importance to youth work, and since its establishment, it has insisted on representing, winning and relying on young people. Under the condition of ideological pluralism and social informatization, to win over young people, propaganda and ideological work needs to make more efforts, pay attention to young people, care for them, show their true feelings, see the truth, give practical policies, encourage their growth and support their entrepreneurship.

　　Use real work in detail, small size and implementation. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out, "Tao cannot sit on the table, and virtue cannot be empty talk. Only by exerting efforts in practice and working hard from the unity of knowing and doing can the core values be internalized into people’s spiritual pursuit and externalized into people’s conscious actions. " Propaganda and ideological work should strengthen education guidance, practice cultivation and system guarantee, strive to promote the integration of socialist core values into all aspects of social life, and guide all people to consciously practice. In particular, it is necessary to grasp the critical period of the formation of young people’s values and guide them to buckle their first buttons in life.

　　Promote culture and enhance the cultural heritage for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The prosperity of a country and a nation should be supported by cultural prosperity. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation depends on the development and prosperity of Chinese culture. In the new era, propaganda and ideological work should contribute to adhering to the road of cultural development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist cultural power.

　　Effectively enhance the sense of responsibility and mission of promoting culture. Culture is an important support for the survival and development of the nation. Realizing the prosperity of Chinese culture and building a socialist cultural power is the proper meaning of realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation. In the face of the demands of social consensus on values and the people’s desire to live a richer spiritual and cultural life, propaganda and ideological workers should stand at the height of realizing the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream and realizing the people’s yearning for a better life, and earnestly enhance their sense of responsibility and mission in rejuvenating culture.

　　Vigorously promote Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture. Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture is an organic whole based on Chinese excellent traditional culture, with revolutionary culture as the source and advanced socialist culture as the direction. To do propaganda and ideological work well under the new situation, we should take root in the fertile soil of Chinese excellent traditional culture and promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture; Inherit revolutionary culture and give play to the important role of red cultural genes in cultural inheritance, integration and innovation; Carry forward the advanced socialist culture and play its leading role in value.

　　Constantly inspire people’s cultural innovation and create vitality. The prosperity of socialist culture requires both the spring snow and the Liba people. It is necessary to play a leading role in propaganda and ideological work, but also to stimulate the people’s cultural innovation and creativity. For social and cultural phenomena and popular cultural forms, we should adhere to the combination of meeting the needs of the masses and leading the improvement, adhere to the cultural consciousness to examine their advantages and disadvantages, treat their popularity and influence with cultural confidence, and strive to promote their healthy development.

　　Show your image and create a favorable international public opinion environment for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　China cannot seek development under closed conditions, but can only achieve win-win development through harmonious coexistence and benign interaction with the world. Propaganda and ideological work should show the world a true, three-dimensional and comprehensive China and create a favorable international public opinion environment for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Strengthen the capacity building of international communication. At present, "reading" China’s economy and "decoding" China’s road have become an important international phenomenon. It is good that the world pays attention to China, but China’s story cannot be interpreted by others, and Chinese should tell his own story well. Since the May 4th Movement, the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries have generally shown a situation in which western learning has gradually spread to the east, while eastern learning has gradually been insufficient. Now, although the information is well developed, foreign people still don’t know much about China, which is not deep or true, and they are easily misled by the media with ulterior motives. In recent years, the international communication ability of China’s mainstream media has been continuously improved, but the pattern of international public opinion that the west is strong and the west is weak has not fundamentally changed. Strengthening the capacity building of international communication is still an important task for propaganda and ideological work.

　　Tell the story of China well. In recent years, in view of the rapid economic and social development in China, some foreign media have made various interpretations. Among them, there are many misinterpretations and misunderstandings such as "China threat theory". In this regard, China’s propaganda and ideological workers made a timely and effective response. In the future, we should further clarify fallacies and distinguish right from wrong. At the same time, we should go beyond the practice of "smearing first and then whitewashing", improve the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of international communication, and actively tell the story of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s governance of the country, the story of China people’s struggle for a dream, and the story of China’s insistence on peaceful development, cooperation and win-win, so that the world can understand China more stereoscopically and comprehensively. Let the world know not only "China on the tip of the tongue", but also "China in academics", "China in theory", "China in philosophy and social sciences", "China in development", "China in opening up" and China making contributions to human civilization.

　　Interpret China’s ideas. Due to the differences between history and reality, system and culture, customs and habits, the development of China will inevitably go through a long-term cognitive friction, collision and adaptation process between China and foreign countries. It is undoubtedly very important to study the habits and characteristics of different foreign audiences, adopt concepts, categories and expressions that integrate China and foreign countries, and be good at interpreting and expressing China’s ideas to the international community. It is an important task and mission for propaganda and ideological workers to strengthen the international communication power of China’s stories, carry forward the cultural spirit that transcends time and space, transcends the country, is full of eternal charm and has contemporary value, and spread the cultural innovation achievements of contemporary China that inherit the traditional excellent culture and carry forward the spirit of the times, and is based on their own country and facing the world.

　　(Written by Sun Laibin)

People’s Daily Online, September 15 th, 15 days of sweating, more than 10 countries competed in the same field, 12 major events, 10 groups won the second place, and 3 individual champions. This is the report card handed over by China soldiers in the 2015 international military competition.

In this international competition sponsored by the Russian Ministry of Defence, a special warfare regiment and an infantry brigade in shenyang military area command sent officers and men to represent China’s army in the "reconnaissance vanguard" and "suvorov assault" competitions. The team members fought in the international arena with the good appearance of a new generation of revolutionary soldiers with "four haves", and made a wonderful appearance on the world stage with excellent military literacy and good style image, which not only polished the shining business cards of China soldiers, but also won honor and respect for the motherland and the army.

In the mid-autumn season, the team members who returned with honors had a random discussion with their comrades-in-arms in the military honor history museum, in front of the competition photos, beside the trophies and gold medals, and beside the armored chariots, and started a big discussion on the experience of going to Russia to participate in the "2015 International Military Competition".

The "Reconnaissance Elite" competition has been implemented in five stages, which is fierce and cruel as actual combat-

Can the "Devil Race" scare off China soldiers?

The officers and men replied: On behalf of the motherland in the international arena, no matter how difficult or dangerous, we will go forward bravely.

"This champion is the only one in the five stages of the competition that has not been deducted and has the best color." At the beginning of the discussion, Yu Yuanshui, the leader of the delegation of the "Scouting Elite" competition and the head of a special operations team, said with great pride with the trophy of "Victory Will" in his hand. "At that time, after the competition, Major General Marusin, the Russian chief referee, said to us,’ You are the well-deserved first place, congratulations!’ "

The competition of "Scout Elite" is divided into five stages, namely, landing by plane and marching in a hurry, crossing the comprehensive obstacle of "scout path", driving by a chariot, shooting, and entering the assembly area after completing the task. It is implemented continuously and comprehensively tests the technical indicators of scouts in the form of a closed-loop task, which is called "Devil’s Race".

In the face of many strong teams sent by Russian, Belarusian and other countries, the officers and men of the regiment, who played on behalf of China, withstood the test of various unfavorable factors, fought bravely and dared to win, and staged bloody assaults again and again with excellent quality and excellent style.

"During the competition, when I was crossing the sewer, I hit my head on an obstacle and suddenly my blood flowed downwards." During the discussion, Cheng Yong, a team member of the regiment and a company sergeant of the First Battalion of Special Operations, took out a blood-stained military cap and said, "At that time, I put my spare gloves on the wound on my head, tied them tightly with my hat and insisted on completing the game. When I reached the finish line, the whole hat was red with blood. "

At the discussion site, the team members stepped forward one after another and told their stories during the contest. On the big screen, videos and photos of their contests were continuously scrolled. When ambushing battles, military swimming and crossing obstacles, the officers and men on the scene were deeply shocked by the footage and pictures of the players sweating like rain and even fainting from shock.

"On behalf of the motherland, no matter how difficult and dangerous the competition is, we must face up to the difficulties and go forward bravely …" During the discussion, Xiao Liang, a team member and a company sergeant of the first special warfare battalion of the regiment, said that on the morning of August 10, in the final stage of the competition of "scouts", 10 members of the regiment gave their lives to fight for water barriers and communication.

"I am convinced that you won the first place, which is equivalent to the boxer really knocking his opponent down." After the game, Lieutenant Colonel Yuva, the captain of the training team of the Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School, who ranked second, gave them a thumbs-up and praised them.

Being at the discussion site, listening to such a bloody story, watching the team members’ nearly ground camouflage uniforms and land boots displayed in the history museum of the regiment, Yang Guanyu, a special soldier of the regiment, was deeply touched. When conducting special warfare training again, he worked overtime to practice climbing skills with poor coordination between his hands and feet, and the palm of his hand was grinded with a big blood bubble by the rope and still kept on, which simply improved his training performance for several seconds.

Equipment is the carrier of combat effectiveness, and the chariots with different overall performance are used to compete-

Sword is not as good as man, how is swordsmanship better than man, and how is firm but gentle better than man.

The officers and men replied: Give full play to people’s ability, the performance of equipment, and the efficiency of combining people with equipment.

China is the only country that has brought its own domestic equipment to participate in the competition, and all the equipment is the active equipment of the participating troops. The 86A-step chariot equipped by a certain mechanized brigade representing China in the "suvorov Assault" competition is not an advanced chariot of our army. The overall performance of BMP-2-step chariot in Russian competition is ahead of our army’s generation.

"The sword is not as good as people, the swordsmanship can’t be inferior to people, and the shock wave can’t be inferior to people!" During the discussion, Duan Jiabao, the commander of the brigade 616 and the platoon leader of the 1st Battalion, pointed to an honorary chariot in the parking lot and said, "Equipment is the carrier of combat effectiveness. Equipment is not as good as people. If you want to achieve good results, you must bring people’s ability to the limit, the performance of equipment to the limit, and the efficiency of combining people with equipment to the limit!"

Listening to Duan Jiabao’s speech, the thoughts of the participating officers and men floated back to the competition site.

On the morning of August 11th, local time, the "suvorov Assault" competition, the highlight of this international military competition, ushered in the final battle: China, Russian and Venezuelan three-nation infantry fighting vehicles launched the final duel and competed in the relay race.

The track and obstacle course settings of this competition are close to or reach the limit index of Russian-made equipment, and some indexes exceed the design limit of Chinese equipment. For example, the cliff obstacle, the design index of the 86A-step chariot is 90cm, and the obstacle exceeds 1m. During the pre-war mobilization, Huang Qingli, the leader of the China team and the brigade commander, encouraged the officers and men: "Don’t be afraid of strong players, dare to fight to win, dare to break through the limit, and try your best to win the final victory!"

At 10 o’clock in the morning, the game officially began. The No.616 86A infantry fighting vehicle, which the brigade played on behalf of China, roared out with its head high under the control of Duan Jiabao, gunner Chen Jingtao and driver Lu Bo.

Rolling roads, right-angle bends, side slopes, cliff walls, waterways, minefield passages, earth ridges, anti-tank trenches, rutting bridges, and obstacles are left behind by China chariots advancing at high speed; Point-blank, side-shot, one by one, the targets were wiped out by the cannon of the chariot.

"At that time, our car groups really put people’s ability to the limit, the performance of equipment to the limit, and the efficiency of combining people and equipment to the limit!" During the discussion, Chen Jingtao, the gunner of the 616 car and the sergeant of the Fifth Company of the Second Battalion, recalled the scene at that time and said that in the face of the cliff with a height exceeding the obstacle-surmounting performance of the equipment by 30 cm, they walked with full horsepower and high speed. The 86A-step chariot was designed to run at a speed of 65 kilometers per hour. They combined human and equipment to give full play to their maximum efficiency, and actually ran out of the top speed of 72 kilometers per hour.

"Dozens of meters of wading roads, we entered at high speed and rushed up a huge splash; The undulating roads that destroyed the most vehicles and the anti-tank trenches that easily hit the wall, other teams slowed down, and only the China chariot we drove passed by like lightning. " Lu Bo, the team member and driver of the 616 car, took the opportunity to say proudly, "All the 40 obstacles in the relay race were conquered by our China chariot!"

At the end of the first lap, the local people in the stands were amazed. They found that China’s 86A infantry fighting vehicle, under the control of lightly loaded and confident China soldiers, became a dark horse on the field, playing accurately and driving fast, and even threw the advanced Russian locomotive group over 100 meters!

"Our performance was amazing and the Russian team was unexpected." Huang Qingli, the brigade commander who led the team to participate in the competition, said with great pride that Major General Bafu Lavschi, the chief referee of this competition, paid special tribute to us after the competition: "The performance of the equipment of China’s troops participating in the competition is not as good as ours, but the training level is very high, which left a deep impression on me. Congratulations on your good results! "

Frequent temporary changes in rules and unfavorable rulings in strong hand-to-hand confrontation-

In adversity, how to show the bearing and image of China soldiers?

The officers and men replied: It is both reasonable and overall, and the frequent change of rules does not hinder the confidence of China soldiers.

The 2015 international military competition is a stage to show the image of our soldiers to the world. Among more than 10 participating countries, China Legion is undoubtedly the most concerned team. From the moment they set foot on Russian soil, every move of China soldiers attracted people’s attention.

"The international military competition is a game for the brave, and the soldiers of no country don’t want to win the competition. The China Legion is a delegation that participated in more projects in this competition and was also regarded as a’ strong enemy’ by the host Russian team. " During the discussion, Zhang Liguo, the deputy brigade commander of an airplane brigade who was the leader of the organizing team, said that in addition to many difficulties such as transportation, language and diet, the uncertainty of the competition rules was the biggest disadvantage they faced, and sometimes the rules were still changing until the day before the competition.

Although the officers and men participating in each competition are fully psychologically prepared, there are still "accidents" in the course of the competition. In this regard, Liu Yanwu, the participating driver who has personal experience, said in the discussion that in the "suvorov Assault" competition, the shooting target can bounce up as soon as Russian tanks and chariots are in place, but we often have to wait for a while to see the shooting target bounce up after China tanks and chariots are in place.

Coincidentally. When the teammates finished loading in 25 seconds, they were far ahead of other teams that took about two minutes. The organizer unexpectedly cancelled the timing of the loading session on the grounds that "you loaded the bomb too fast and it was unfair to other teams".

This made the brigade commander Huang Qingli very puzzled: "It is fast to reload and has strong survivability on the battlefield. The loading speed of our soldiers is practiced by taking off several layers of skin in the palm of your hand. " But the appeal was invalid, and China’s lead of more than 1 minute was cancelled.

In fact, in the competition, all the teams in China encountered difficulties in rules and rulings to varying degrees. According to statistics, as many as 34 rules were temporarily changed before the competition, and 9 rules were still being revised during the competition.

"These difficulties will inevitably be encountered in the process of implementing the strategic thinking of’ military forces going global’ in China." During the discussion, Qin Haiping, director of the brigade’s political department, said that the international military competition has given us an opportunity to train. The main purpose of participating in the competition is not only to compete for the ranking, to test our actual combat ability, to learn from the useful experience of foreign troops, and to consolidate cooperation and friendship with foreign troops, but also to be more important than the results of the competition.

Facts have proved that China soldiers overcame difficulties in unfamiliar environment and showed the comprehensive quality of our army. Faced with all kinds of unfavorable factors, the officers and men participating in the competition not only argued for their own rights and interests, but also took care of the overall situation and remained calm, which showed the confidence and tolerance of China soldiers. In the competition, they played their due level with excellent quality, and shocked the audience many times to set the "limit speed" and hit the "precise shooting".

"At the scene of the competition, foreign soldiers often take the initiative to praise the outstanding performance of our players. Some people are interested in China equipment and even climb into the cockpit to see what happened." Wen Jianxin, an engineer of the 1st Battalion of the Brigade, who is responsible for the training and guidance of the competition, said, "As soon as our drivers in China finished the competition, they were surrounded by Russian people for a group photo. The young soldiers in China smiled and behaved appropriately, and became the messengers of China culture."

The arrival of China’s army also made local Chinese and overseas Chinese particularly excited. Many Chinese provided vehicles, drinking water and Chinese food for the participating troops free of charge, helped translate Russian materials, and held high the national flag to cheer. Some overseas Chinese said, "The arrival of China soldiers has made the word motherland more vivid and concrete, and let us really feel that the motherland is really strong!" (Li Xianghui, Gu Changlong, Ma Yibo) 　 　

　　With the global major housing market cooling down, Singapore’s real estate prices have risen for 12 consecutive quarters. In order to solve this problem, at the end of April, the Singapore government raised the additional buyer stamp duty (ABSD) for foreigners to purchase residential properties by 30 percentage points to 60%, with immediate effect from April 27th.

　　This has caught many real estate agents and property buyers off guard. "Take a private house worth 2 million Singapore dollars as an example, which means that the extra buyer stamp duty that foreign buyers have to pay will soar from 600,000 Singapore dollars to 1.2 million Singapore dollars (about 6.21 million yuan)." Deng Minjie, executive director of AsianPrime Properties, told the First Financial Reporter.

　　The New Deal was introduced because with the high housing prices, Singaporeans are increasingly worried about being squeezed out of the housing market, and high housing prices may also make Singapore less attractive as an international financial center.

　　According to the latest data from the Urban Renewal Authority of Singapore, the price of private housing in Singapore rose by 3.3% in the first quarter, compared with only 0.4% in the previous quarter. In 2021 and 2022, local house prices increased by 10.6% and 8.6% respectively.

　　The third round of cooling in two years

　　In other major international metropolises, the proportion of ABSD is much lower. For example, the tax rate for foreigners to buy a house in Vancouver is 29%, while the tax rates in London, Melbourne and Sydney are around 14%. New york’s tax rate is only 4.3%.

　　In a joint statement, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of National Development and monetary authority of singapore explained the new policy: "The demand of local people to buy their own houses has been particularly strong, and local and foreign investors have shown renewed interest in our residential real estate market.If not controlled, the price may exceed the economic fundamentals. At the same time, there is a risk that the ratio of price to income will continue to rise."

　　Deng Minjie told CBN that under the risk of high loan interest rate environment and global economic challenges, stabilizing real estate prices is the top priority of the Singapore government. "This round of cooling measures is to slow down the purchase demand, especially the purchase demand of investors and foreigners."

　　In fact, this is the third cooling measure for real estate since the COVID-19 epidemic. In December 2021 and September 2022, the government took similar early preventive measures, which had a "mitigation effect".

　　For example, the stamp duty of foreign buyers in Singapore increased from 20% to 30% in December 2021, which led to a decrease of 16.5% in the number of apartments purchased by foreigners in 2022. But in fact, the local real estate prices are still not loose.

　　According to a research report of Orange Tee&Tie, a Singapore brokerage company in 2022, Singapore is still the primary investment destination for foreign investors after several rounds of cooling measures.

　　"Despite the interest rate hike and the cooling measures implemented in December 2021, foreign buyers bought more luxury apartments with a price of S $5 million (about RMB 25.87 million) and above in 2022," the report said. "The purchases of luxury apartments by foreigners and those who have obtained permanent residency in Singapore have almost returned to the level of 2019."

　　According to the buyer’s inquiry data provided by Juwai Iqi Group, a global real estate technology company headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore is the favorite overseas purchase destination for China buyers. Since 2021, Singapore has entered the top 10 overseas inquiries of China buyers, ranking ninth that year. Although the Singapore government raised the stamp duty on foreign buyers at the end of 2021, Singapore has been ranked tenth in the inquiry list for the next two years.

　　What will be different this time?

　　Foreign buyers account for only a small proportion of Singapore’s real estate sales. According to the data of the Urban Renewal Authority of Singapore, foreign buyers accounted for 4.7% of Singapore’s house purchases last year, rising to 7% in the first quarter of this year.

　　Nicholas Mak, chief research officer of MOGUL.sg, a real estate information platform, therefore believes that if only 10% of purchases are affected, then these measures have limitations. "How can we cool the market if it has little impact on the other 90%? It’s like you have a burning oil plant, and these people don’t use the right tools to put out the fire. "

　　At the same time, people who can afford to buy real estate in Singapore may not care about paying more taxes.

　　Kashif Ansari, co-founder and CEO of IQI, told the First Financial Reporter that the high housing prices in Singapore have eliminated a number of foreign buyers. High-net-worth people who plan to buy Singapore real estate now may not change their decision to buy a house because of a 30% tax increase.

　　“Of course, those who specialize in real estate speculation will be discouraged. On the other hand, foreign buyers aiming at global allocation may turn their eyes to luxury houses in Malaysia or Dubai."He said.

　　Deng Minjie said that according to past experience, foreign buyers often balk after receiving the news, especially this time the increase has doubled.

　　However, after the introduction of the New Deal, one of her clients, the foreign buyer who originally planned to look at the house, did not change her mind. "We have communicated with them in time about the tax increase, and they are still willing to continue the house purchase plan. Their feedback is that Singapore will be the place where they want to invest in immigrants. " She also revealed that,Her buyers reported that the unit price of houses in Singapore was reasonable, but the tax was very high.

　　Sun Yanqing, research director of Orange Easy Industry, told the First Financial Reporter: "Cooling measures may curb demand in the next few months. This may provide time for more housing completion and housing supply. When there is a better market balance, the price may stabilize. When demand shrinks, price increases may also slow down. This will help first-time home buyers and HDB upgraders to buy their first home. "

　　"We have slightly lowered the price forecast for the whole year of 2023 from 5%-8% to 4%-7%." Sun Yanqing said.

　　Deng Minjie predicted that as first-time buyers of Singapore citizens and permanent residents will not be affected under the New Deal, these groups will become the main demand drivers in the coming months. According to the data in 2022, this group accounts for about 90% of residential real estate transactions.

Special feature of 1905 film network "I believe that although my father has left, he is still blessing us. I will continue to make his films and let more people see them."

"It was finally released, and it was a happy ending for him. I also miss him very much. "

"I am very lucky to cooperate with him. This experience has enriched my life. The best photography award I won is dedicated to him. "

The director died suddenly due to illness in 2023, and the eighth Tibetan film Snow Leopard, which he produced before his death, officially entered the cinema on April 3.

Although the director is gone, he left this excellent work, leaving everyone with a good memory of him and the film. In 1905, the film network interviewed Matthias Delfu, the executive director, leading actor and photography director, and tried to trace back and piece together Pema Tseden’s creative wish for Snow Leopard from their perspectives.

In the hinterland of the snowy plateau, the film tells the story of a snow leopard killing nine sheep kept by herders. The "Snow Leopard Lama", who likes shooting snow leopards, led a group of TV reporters to cover and report, and then focused on the conflict and reconciliation between human beings and snow leopards, the blending and collision of modernity and tradition, and the philosophical thinking of humanity and spirituality.

Since its debut, the film has won awards all over the world, winning the best film in the main competition unit of Tokyo International Film Festival, the best director in the Golden Coconut Award of Hainan Island International Film Festival, the best screenwriter and the best photography in the Asian Film Awards.

Jiu Mei Li remembers that after the premiere of Venice International Film Festival, the crew was walking in the street, and some old people congratulated them on making such a good work. "When I heard this sentence, I was very moved and pleased. I knew that this film came to their hearts, not as a courtesy and compliment."

During the period from Pema Tseden’s death to the release of Snow Leopard, although the director can’t see the achievements of the film, at every important node of the film experience, Kumei said that he would say a word to his father in his heart: "Don’t worry, we have all done it."

Jiu mei cheng Li

Every shot was shot at least 8 times, miraculously waiting for a snow.

"More than a month before shooting, my father suddenly told me, why don’t you be the executive director this time. I asked him, can I? He said of course, no problem. "

Before he became the executive director of Snow Leopard, Kumi had already made his first feature film. The executive director is different from the director, and he has to be responsible for many complicated matters in the crew, so that Kumei has gained different experiences from being a director and observed his father’s state when he was filming:

"I feel his meticulous degree more closely, because he will ask for many scenes over and over again, and each shot will be shot at least eight times, so when the executive director carries out his orders with the actors over and over again, he will feel a little tired, but at the same time the effect will get better over and over again."

Through this film, Pema Tseden first tried CG technology with high industrial level to construct the visual image of Snow Leopard.

Zhan Hansu, the director of special effects, communicated with the director before shooting, hoping to shoot less long shots and close-ups of snow leopards, but when he received the shooting material, all the pictures he wanted to avoid were not avoided, which greatly increased the difficulty of making special effects.

The post-production of Snow Leopard therefore took nearly a year and a half, and the last long shot is also the longest shot in animal special effects in China. Pema Tseden consulted lamas who studied snow leopards, and constantly adjusted the details of snow leopards’ demeanor, voice, hair and dynamics. Jiumei recalled in a row that when my father communicated with the voice guide, he said that he hoped that Snow Leopard would reach a more anthropomorphic state.

The film uses a lot of long lens scheduling, which increases the difficulty of shooting. For example, the chimney of the herdsmen’s house has to smoke all the time. If the smoke is gone, it will have to stop shooting and shoot again.

The last scene is the longest shot in the whole film, more than 10 minutes, and it is also the most difficult scene scheduling. The script says: when everyone’s emotions are about to erupt, the snow falls.

Kumei said that everyone had been rehearsing and rehearsing before waiting for the snow. Unexpectedly, a miraculous moment came: "Until it was getting dark, the snow still didn’t fall, so my father said that he couldn’t wait. Shoot it, shoot it two or three times, and everyone was very tired, especially Kimba. My father said that he would do it again in the end, in a best state. The emotions and performances in that scene made everyone present very moved, especially when Kimba was thrown to the ground, many people cried, that is, at that time, there was just snow falling from the sky. "

The father that Jiu Mei saw on the set was a director who didn’t express much and kept all his thoughts in his heart, but what he said was clear instructions and key requirements. "After filming the scene, he came out of the house with a smile on his face, gave everyone a thumbs up, and then everyone applauded together."

From pre-preparation to post-production, Jiumei has witnessed his father’s creative efforts for Snow Leopard for more than three years, which made him deeply realize his father’s high pursuit of film details and texture.

Kimba

I remained alone on the set, and no one "approached" me.

"He lives in my heart. This time Snow Leopard finally came out. I really miss him. Every time we meet, I get along with him with a particularly sincere attitude, including these works we shoot, and we try our best to shoot and perform. "

From The Stranger, actors Kimba and Pema Tseden collaborated on five feature films, and Snow Leopard is their fourth film together.

Kimba and Pema Tseden already have a tacit understanding. The director never tells him what role to play in advance. "There is a role here. Come here. Is the time ok?" I said yes and went. "

Pema Tseden is a gentle director who doesn’t like to talk much to actors. With more cooperation, Kimba gradually knows his ideas and acts in the direction he wants.

Kimba is also introverted and doesn’t like to talk much. This time in Snow Leopard, he plays a role that is in great contrast with himself — — A Tibetan herder with a hot temper insisted on killing the snow leopard and asked for an explanation. This character has a lot of lines, and there are many scenes that are angry and roaring in front of the camera.

"When I started practicing, these lines sounded like rap, and they were particularly laborious, but they were practiced like this." In the script lines, Kimba took the initiative to add some more life-like proverbs in Tibetan, which was recognized by Pema Tseden. "He is like this, and he didn’t say anything, but he applauded after filming, which shows that I did the right thing."

Whether in "Snow Leopard" or other crews, Kimba revealed that he has always maintained a relatively lonely state, "no one is close to me." When he is not filming, he stands at the scene and sees where the lighting, art and other parts need help in time.

Some actors will find him difficult to get along with at the scene. "Tell me that he is particularly afraid of me. I was very fierce to Lama in the movie, and he also said that he was particularly afraid of me." It is precisely his state on the set that conforms to the character setting in the film.

Click to watch: Interview | Snow Leopard Kimba: Besides being an actor, I also work with art lighting.

Looking back on 2014, Kimba just came to Beijing to study performance and added it to Pema Tseden WeChat on the recommendation of a friend. At first, he was worried that the director would not pass. "At that time, he accepted me at once and asked me how I was."

Kimba is a loyal reader of Pema Tseden’s novels. They gradually become friends and exchange their favorite literary works. Kimba also likes to write poems. Pema Tseden often encourages him. "It is this encouragement that makes me feel particularly good about myself, so I have been writing until now, but I know it is not good."

In Kimba’s mind, "Pema Tseden is a particularly important person, my noble person and my Bole".

Click to watch: Interview | Kimba misses director Pema Tseden: He is Bole and a friend.

Matthias Delfu

The real world is like a theater stage, and the surreal world is like pictures.

The combination of dynamic and static image style and the beautiful scenery of snowy plateau in Snow Leopard stand out clearly, and photography director Matthias Delfu won the best photography award in the 17th Asian Film Awards for this film.

After eight years in China from Belgium, Matthias has worked with director China. He and Pema Tseden met at the Shanghai International Film Festival, and they appreciated each other. A month later, they collaborated on Snow Leopard.

Under the leadership of Pema Tseden, Matthias went to Golog, Qinghai for the first time, with an average elevation of more than 4,200 meters, to explore the scenery, eat yak meat, and learn more about the local living environment and culture. Pema Tseden in his mind is also a man of few words. "You don’t need to talk too much, and you have a very calm feeling with him. He is also very humorous, likes joking and is a very kind person. "

In the story of Snow Leopard, there is a real world and a surreal world, and they have been discussing how to make differences in images in the early stage of the project.

"The scheduling from one actor to another and to another actor is just like dancing. Grassland seems to have become the stage of the theater, and everyone’s attention should be very accurate. "In real time and space, they hope to take more hand-held and Steadicam lenses, and try to shoot with long lenses. A scene will let the audience enter a scene, feel the communication between people at close range, and keep the light and color matching realistic.

The surreal world pictures with mysterious and ancient temperament are mainly shot with fixed positions. Matthias revealed that the inspiration for photography comes from some paintings about the myth of snow leopards that Pema Tseden showed him. "Every shot is like a painting. Try not to move as much as possible, and the atmosphere of nature should be heavier and stronger."

The surreal part also uses special black and white tones. Matthias explained that he likes the German expressionist film genre in the 1920s, adding a little blue, brown and coarse graininess to the black and white, which will make the whole picture more textured.

Now speaking of the days when filming Snow Leopard on the plateau, Matthias will think that he rushed into the sheepfold to shoot the snow leopard’s subjective perspective lens to capture the interesting things of rapid hypoxia, and think of the pleasant time to have tea with Pema Tseden after filming every day, full of memories:

"I am lucky to know him and create with him. In a very special environment, there are few people and many wild animals. Sometimes wolves will go down the mountain to chase our sheep, and the sky at night is full of stars. I will ask him for tea after filming one day. We just need to say a few words …"

Pema Tseden’s story is only half told.

They will insist on filming.

Pema Tseden had many works that had been put on record and scripts that were being planned before his death. Kumei listed stories that his father had not yet filmed, and he would definitely meet the audience one day. But he is not ready to shoot the projects left by his father, so he needs more accumulation. Let’s shoot the stories he wants to tell first, and when the time is right, he will definitely shoot his father’s works again.

What Pema Tseden wanted to say was in Snow Leopard before waiting for the last masterpiece, The Stranger.

In Jiumei’s view, my father has always wanted to convey the strong link between the real Tibetan map and the great changes in the current era. "But what is different and breakthrough from before is the spiritual induction between the little Lama and the snow leopard, the communication between all things or the love and compassion between all things. This power takes us back to the reality level together, and maybe we will find a direction to solve the current problem ourselves."

Being the executive director of Snow Leopard was a "magical" experience for Kumeji. What impressed him most was that the whole crew set up a wild field on the grassland, surrounded by a dozen tents, and everyone woke up every day, washed their faces, brushed their teeth, and took a lunch break together, and lived there.

"It was a shooting state that had been feeling each other with nature." Kumei remembered this feeling deeply, and he wanted to catch it when he made a movie.

After the cooperation, Matthias Delfu found that Pema Tseden’s shooting team was very United, and everyone could do anything and help whenever they needed help. "I found that everyone in his crew seemed to have written a script, made a short film or had the desire to make a movie. This is director Pema Tseden’s desire to stay and create. ".

Kimba has been the core face of the new wave of Tibetan movies in China on the screen. After it was said, Kimba was the favorite actor. He is very humble about this. "To put it bluntly, I am not very good myself. They made me."

The wave of Tibetan films created by Pema Tseden is still endless, and the new generation of Tibetan filmmakers he has trained and supported will continue to inherit his precious spirit. Kimba said that they have the responsibility and obligation to let more people know about Tibetan culture and the stories on this land. "We will stick to it and keep filming."

　　　　　　　　I’m afraid Chinese didn’t know much about Yuan Shikai, but many people’s cognition of Yuan Shikai started from his training in Tianjin station after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, culminating in his "stealing the fruits of the Revolution of 1911" and becoming the president of the Republic of China. Finally, he restored the monarchy and died in the sound of the defection of the old cadres and the crusade of the revolutionary party. As for him, he was ordered to go to North Korea to support the current situation in the turbulence of East Asia in the late Qing Dynasty, and to save the three northeastern provinces and gradually stabilize the national political situation during the Ding Revolution in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, etc., it has long been irrelevant in this historical narrative system with the theme of "stealing the country and stealing Yuan Shikai".

　　　　　　　　As for the fact that Yuan Shikai was stationed in Korea for ten years with the imperial rank of the Great Qing Dynasty, there have been many studies and evaluations in Chinese and foreign academic circles. Almost all the archives about the history at that time have already been made public, and they can be seen in archives or libraries in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province and South Korea. In the eyes of many people, Yuan Shikai, who was stationed in the DPRK in the late Qing Dynasty, is almost the same as the supervisor stationed in the DPRK after the Japanese annexed Korea. It is the embodiment of China’s great power hegemony in North Korea, with the aim of controlling North Korea. The difference is just wrapped in a coat of traditional suzerain-vassal relationship. From the perspective of power politics, it seems that the argument that China pursued "imperialism" against North Korea in the late Qing Dynasty is conclusive, and Yuan Shikai is the vanguard and agent of China’s "imperialism", and his efforts to prevent North Korea from sending envoys to Europe and the United States have naturally become a series of external manifestations and appearances of the politics of these great powers.

　　　　　　　　Does Yuan Shikai, the prime minister in the DPRK, really have such great power? How did he become an imperial envoy?In fact, Yuan Shikai’s life in North Korea is not easy. He has been in the middle of the system to protect the outdated relationship between China and North Korea.. This article is not to "reverse the verdict" for Yuan Shikai, who has been plunged into eighteen layers of hell by China’s modern political discourse, but simply to talk about the cause of his embarrassing identity in North Korea, because it is this identity problem that led to his frequent conflicts with the North Korean government and diplomats from Japan, the United States and Europe, which weakened China’s diplomacy.

"Who am I": Chen Shutang’s troubles

　　　　　　　　Yuan Shikai led troops to North Korea for the first time during the mutiny in the summer of 1882, and in December 1884 he led troops to quell the coup staged by the Kaihua Party in North Korea, which won great appreciation from Li Hongzhang. In November 1885, under the strong recommendation of Li Zhongtang, Yuan Shikai was officially appointed by the Beijing court as "the prime minister of North Korea to negotiate trade matters", and he stayed in North Korea until the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. From entering the DPRK in 1882 to returning to China in 1894, Yuan Shikai has been in the DPRK for nearly thirteen years, including ten years as the above-mentioned "Prime Minister". However, before Yuan Shikai, Chen Shutang was the first official stationed in the DPRK by the Qing government, and to understand Yuan Shikai’s power, we must start with Chen Shutang.

　　　　　　　　After the mutiny in the summer of 1882, korean king asked the Chinese side to stay in the army, and sent capable people who were familiar with foreign affairs to North Korea to help North Korea with its foreign trade and customs. In September of the same year, the two sides signed the Charter of Land and Water Trade for Merchants, which stipulated that China and the DPRK should send commercial members to each other. This treaty was negotiated and signed at the request of North Korea, and it was put into operation long before the mutiny. In the autumn of 1882, China’s supervision on how to deal with foreign affairs and trade affairs in North Korea after the rebellion was gradually spread out according to the needs of North Korea. In November of the same year, Li Hongzhang sent Ma Jianzhong’s brother Ma Jianchang (that is, Ma Xiangbo) and Paul George von M?llendorff, a German who worked in Tianjin Customs and Taxation Department and German legation in China, to Seoul as a consultant to help the king organize the westernization. It is precisely because of this that the newly established Western-style customs tax system in North Korea is under the jurisdiction of the General Customs Tax Department in China, which is a branch of the customs system in China, and its annual report is attached to the report of the Customs Tax Department in China.

　　　　　　　　What we need to make clear is that,This series of guidance work, all within the framework of traditional suzerain-vassal, was handled by China as an "upper country" at the request of the "lower country" North Korea. Originally, China did not take the initiative to do it.. After North Korea opened its doors, there were almost no people who knew English and French. They didn’t know how to write diplomatic documents aimed at Europe, America and other countries, how to set up new customs and collect tariffs, and even how to formulate the style of their national flag. They were at a loss. The only thing they could rely on was China, who had been engaged in westernization for more than 20 years. For example, in 1882, North Korea signed a diplomatic treaty with the United States and Britain, mainly relying on the assistance and guidance of Ma Jianzhong and others. Later, according to superficial observation, many people came to the conclusion that this was the beginning of Li Hongzhang and others’ active intervention in Korean affairs, and that the traditional suzerain-vassal order ended. Such judgments are all caused by poor observation and are often sloppy.

　　　　　　　　At the beginning of 1883, Ma Jianchang and Mu Linde arrived in Seoul, and the consuls of the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries in the DPRK also poured in. Arrived at the same time, and China’s second-class title was Chen Shutang, whose official name was "Commissioned North Korean Commercial Committee", which was controlled by Beiyang Minister Li Hongzhang. Seoul, the quiet ancient capital of the "hermit country", became lively overnight and became a stage for diplomats from all over the world. But Chen Shutang couldn’t be happy, because his troubles may be the most among his peers, and the most deadly one is the relationship between China and North Korea, and he is unclear and unclear to his colleagues in Taixi. He wants to emphasize North China’s status as a vassal state, while the rest of his colleagues acknowledge China’s influence on North Korea and the special relationship between the two countries by default, but in public, they all recognize North Korea as an independent sovereign state.

　　　　　　　　Lucius Foote, the first American ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the DPRK, received an instruction from the Secretary of State in March of this year, which included instructions on the trilateral relations between the United States and the DPRK: the 1882 US-DPRK Treaty was a treaty between two independent sovereign States. As far as the United States is concerned, the DPRK is an independent sovereign state, but unless its own rights and interests are damaged, the United States will not interfere in the relations between China and the DPRK. In other words, the United States acquiesced in the existence of the suzerain-vassal relationship between China and North Korea, as long as it didn’t touch the American cake. This two-sided pragmatic diplomacy has also been imitated by countries such as Britain and Germany. In this way, the envoys of Britain, the United States and other countries in the DPRK did not really have diplomatic contacts with Chen Shutang, a commercial Commissioner, but contacted the newly established diplomatic department of the DPRK, the unified maintenance yamen, and those involved in Chinese businessmen were also handled through the unified management yamen.

　　　　　　　　As a result, Chen Shutang was left aside by the arrival of China, and his embarrassing position was repeatedly ridiculed by his British and Japanese counterparts. Chen Shutang’s response was to take out the Charter of Land and Water Trade for Merchants between China and North Korea to justify his power. He was accused that the foreword of the Charter was only applicable to China and North Korea, but not to other countries. At that time, the clever word game when China and North Korea signed the contract was really self-defeating at this time. Chen Shutang has repeatedly felt embarrassed and humiliated about this unclear question of "who am I", and repeatedly complained to Li Hongzhang.

　　　　　　　　In view of this, in 1884, when appointing the heads of the branches in Incheon, Wonsan and Busan, Chen Shutang specially appointed them as "directors for handling Chinese business affairs", giving them the right to negotiate foreign affairs beyond the commercial scope. In addition, although "director" and "consul" are similar in pronunciation in Chinese, they are totally different in nature. The former is the person in charge of a certain affairs internally, while the latter is a diplomat specializing in foreign affairs, while China cannot recognize that officials sent to its subordinate country, North Korea, are diplomats stationed in sovereign countries. Therefore, before the Sino-Japanese War, China had only directors in North Korea, but no consul, to show the unique authority of China and the special ethical relationship between China and North Korea.

　　　　　　　　At the same time, after consulting with American consuls Ford and Li Hongzhang, Chen Shutang changed his title to "General Manager of North Korea’s Trade Affairs" in November 1884, thus covering foreign affairs. This revision, Chen Shutang thinks, is quite in line with the "system" of the two countries, and even conforms to the identity of the "official of the country". Related to this, Cao Can, a commercial councilor and worker from North Korea stationed in Tianjin in April, 1884, sentenced Nan Tingzhe to "accompany the minister" to the China court, which is a typical language used by vassals and ministers to maintain the courtesies of vassals and vassals.

　　　　　　　　This time, Chen Shutang finally felt justified, but the ministers of various countries still had doubts about his new title, fearing that this was a sign that the China administration wanted to control the North Korean government. Parkes, the first British ambassador to the DPRK who had been in Beijing in his early years, asked the Prime Minister’s yamen to explain clearly what title Chen Shutang was. The Prime Minister’s yamen replied to him: "North China is a state, and it is not allowed to follow the example of ambassadors stationed in various countries … [Chen Shutang] is a Taoist, and he is equal to the consuls of various countries." That is to say, according to the bilateral articles of association between China and the DPRK in 1882, China’s commercial councilor stationed in the DPRK is equivalent to the consul general of western countries. This set the tone for China’s diplomatic status as a member in the DPRK in the future.

"Jiashen coup": China was unbeaten and defeated

　　　　　　　　However, the good times didn’t last long. Less than a month after Chen Shutang took up his new post, he met the Japanese-supported Korean Kaihua Party members Hong Yingzhi, Jin Yujun and Park Yong-hyo, who staged a coup on December 4, which coincided with the year of Jiashen in the lunar calendar, so it was called "Jiashen coup" or "Jiashen revolution" in history. The Kaihua Party occupied the palace, held the king hostage, killed Li Zuyuan, Zhao Ningxia, Min Yongmu and other pro-China ministers who tended to be "big", announced the abolition of the relationship between China and North Korea, and invited the Japanese army to enter the palace for support. At that time, Japan’s ambassador to the DPRK was Takeyuki Ichiro, a diplomat who accompanied Sen Youli to Beijing and Baoding eight years ago to debate the international status of the DPRK with the Prime Minister’s yamen and Li Hongzhang. However, the "revolution" of Zhu Tian and Jin Yujun, together with their Japanese troops, was defeated two days later by Wu Zhaoyou, commander-in-chief of the Qing army, and his deputies Yuan Shikai and Zhang Guangqian. A "three-day revolution" with swords and shadows failed.

　　　　　　　　China and Japan immediately started diplomatic negotiations, and in April 1885, they signed a special article in Tianjin with only three contents: both countries withdrew their troops from North Korea, and neither sent troops to coach the army in North Korea. If there is a major accident in North Korea, the two countries or one of them should know each other in advance. Through the content of the third paragraph, Japan has gained the same power as China to send troops into the DPRK in a critical situation.Later, in the Sino-Japanese War of 1885, Japan sent troops into the DPRK on the grounds that China had sent troops in the East School Party Rebellion, and its legal basis was the Tianjin Special Article in 1885. Therefore, as far as the result of diplomatic contest after the "Jiashen coup" is concerned, China is unbeaten and defeated, and Japan is invincible, which is very similar to the result of the contest and diplomatic negotiation between China and France in Vietnam around the Sino-Vietnamese suzerain-vassal relationship in the same period. All these examples show that China was not a weak country without diplomacy, but a weak country without diplomacy..

　　　　　　　　After this bloody affair, Ma Jianchang returned from North Korea and suggested to Li Hongzhang that China should either completely allow North Korea to go out independently and cut off the feudalism-vassal relationship with each other, or send an imperial agent to supervise its affairs. Li Hongzhang felt that China’s affairs were too complicated to give consideration to North Korea, but he was in favor of strengthening the power of China’s officials in the DPRK. In October 1885, Chen Shutang resigned and returned to China on the grounds of overwork. Li Hongzhang played in Beijing and recommended Yuan Shikai, who had been stationed in North Korea, to take over.

On October 28, 1885, Beiyang Minister Li Hongzhang recommended Yuan Shikai to take over the Korean trade affairs.

　　　　　　　　In the memorial, Li Hongzhang praised Yuan Shikai’s "courage and superiority, knowing the general situation" and suggested that Beijing appoint him as the post of "stationed in the DPRK Prime Minister to negotiate trade matters" in order to "slightly show the meaning of diplomacy" and "emphasize the power of affairs". Because Yuan Shikai is a knowledgeable person with five titles, and his official rank is relatively low, Li Hongzhang specially asked the court to increase the title in order to be an important official. Beijing soon formally appointed Yuan Shikai as "an imperial envoy stationed in the DPRK Prime Minister to negotiate trade matters" in early November, and awarded him three titles, which were distributed by the magistrate, and were supplemented when there was a shortage, and then promoted by Taoist priests.

　　　　　　　　Yuan Shikai was promoted to "use the Tao to supplement the magistrate". Later, people called him "Yuan Dao", which refers to the grade of "promoting Tao". Compared with his predecessor, Chen Shutang, Yuan Shikai’s official rank is low, but his power has been greatly improved: the title of "Imperial Envoy" made him gain the legitimacy of being stationed in the DPRK directly from the son of China, while the scope of supervision function of "Prime Minister" was broader than that of Chen Shutang’s "General Office", and "Negotiating trade matters" gave him the power to supervise diplomatic and commercial affairs. Since then, Yuan Shikai has become the prime minister of Yuan.

　 　 　 　 This year, Yuan Shikai was just 26 years old, and there was quite a spirit that newborn calves were not afraid of tigers. This spirit, to some extent, is just the wisdom outside the system that Li Hongzhang needs after he has been groping for more than 20 years in the westernization field. With this wisdom, he can reduce the constraints of a series of old cases between China and North Korea and new regulations between China and the West. Li Hongzhang is well aware of Yuan Shikai’s shortcomings in dealing with people’s lives, and he has praised Yolanda, but he hasn’t replaced Yuan Shikai for ten years. I’m afraid what he likes is Yuan Shikai’s double-edged sword.

On November 8, 1885, the Prime Minister’s yamen accepted Yuan Shikai’s sincere thanks for taking over North Korea’s trade.

Back to "Who am I": Prime Minister Qin Ming in the crevice

　　　　　　　　Premier Yuan’s life in North Korea was not smooth sailing, but the one that bothered me the most was that he couldn’t tell his diplomatic colleagues clearly about the relationship between China and North Korea. Although the position of his own appointed prime minister was clearly written in black and white, he had to face the old question of "who am I" in practice.

　　　　　　　　At that time, in Seoul, like Beijing, the ministers of various countries also formed a delegation, and the prevailing language was mainly English. The names and titles of the ministers of various countries all had corresponding English terms or translations. Yuan Shikai should also follow this convention, but he is not sure how to translate his title, which is related to the public mission’s cognition of his status and management authority.

　　　　　　　　Therefore, Yuan Shikai sent one of his young assistants who had studied in the United States, took a famous card to the American legation, found George Foulk, the acting minister, and asked his opinion. Fujiu suggested translating it into "charge of diplomatic and commercial course" (meaning "managing diplomatic and commercial affairs"). However, the young man disagreed. He proposed a word "Resident" (that is, resident) and suggested that it be translated into "His Imperial Chinese Majestic’s Resident, Seoul" (that is, "an imperial envoy of Emperor China in Seoul"). Fujiu then called the British Minister Edward Colborne Baber and the Japanese Acting Minister Kogoro Koping to discuss, but no agreement was reached. It is not a problem for Japanese diplomats to read and understand Chinese, so this kind of translation work is actually for the envoys of non-Chinese-speaking countries such as the United States, Britain and France, which is directly related to the fundamental understanding of Yuan Shikai’s position in the West.

　　　　　　　　Finally, Yuan Shikai adopted his assistant’s translation, "His Imperial Chinese Majestic’s Residency, Seoul", and simplified it to "H.I.C.M. Residency". Later, this name began to be printed on business cards. In fact, this English translation only conveyed the intention of the imperial envoy, but did not explain his power and responsibility to negotiate and trade. Therefore, Yuan Shikai didn’t make clear the question of "who am I", but his colleagues in the envoy group simply regarded him as "Consul General of China with diplomatic functions".

The official document printed with Yuan Shikai’s "Qin Ming’s order to station the DPRK Prime Minister to negotiate trade matters" (currently in the archives of the Institute of Modern History of Taiwan Province Academia Sinica).

　　　　　　　　Next, how to carry out the etiquette with North Korea has become a problem, especially when meeting korean king. At the beginning of his tenure, Yuan Shikai sent a telegram to Li Hongzhang asking what he should do to meet korean king. Yuan Shikai is an imperial envoy at this time, but in the system of suzerain and vassal, the imperial envoy is on behalf of the emperor. Since the king is the son of the emperor, it is inevitable to follow the traditional etiquette of receiving and conferring titles or offering sacrifices to the emperor. However, Yuan Shikai’s problem lies in that he is not an envoy in the vassal-vassal system sent by the Manchu court, but a resident in the newly established diplomatic system, and he just went through a process of honoring his life.

　　　　　　　　Yuan Shikai mentioned that when China’s officials in the DPRK visited korean king, they entered the palace gate in a sedan chair, bowed three times, and then sat on the side of the king. However, before Wu Changqing, Xu Chang, Ding Ruchang, Ma Jianzhong and others visited the king, they all sat down with each other. Envoys from other countries perform the so-called "foreign courtesies" and only go outside the palace gate by sedan chair. Yuan Shikai is still sitting on his side, but he is very upset because he has no rules and regulations, which leads to "talking with others from time to time"

　　　　　　　　Li Hongzhang quickly instructed Yuan Shikai: North China is a subordinate country, so the etiquette of meeting the king should be slightly different from that of other countries’ envoys, but it can’t follow the imperial envoys of Wu Changqing and Xuchang. Therefore, Yuan Shikai should get off the sedan chair outside the palace gate according to the ritual system of the official audience with the king of the county, and still bow three times when he meets the king, which is "extremely humble"; If you encounter a big ceremony in North Korea, "you can only bow three times and bow three times, and you should be modest." In this way, Yuan Shikai has a new set of etiquette in the DPRK, which is different from other countries’ envoys in the DPRK. The purpose is to preserve the suzerain-vassal system and never lower China to the same status as Britain, the United States and Japan.

　　　　　　　　Yuan Shikai’s crisis of etiquette has been solved, but in the eyes of his Japanese and European and American counterparts, all the courtesy privileges he enjoyed in going to China were acts that undermined North Korea’s sovereignty, and now he could not tolerate them. Therefore, the contradiction between Yuan Shikai and Yuan Shikai has never stopped, and even intensified.

　　　　　　　　When many people explain the relationship between China and North Korea in the late Qing Dynasty, they all regard it as the relationship between two countries. This is very reasonable, butAccording to a series of documents of Li Hongzhang and others in this period, they directly crossed the patriarchal feudalism between China and North Korea in the early Ming Dynasty and traced it back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. Then korean king was just a foreign vassal of the Emperor of China, and his status was equivalent to that of the governor of China. So in this sense, korean king was just a vassal who defended the territory on behalf of the Emperor of, and all over the world, it was not the king’s land, and North Korea was just one of the Chinese empires.. As revealed by the above-mentioned etiquette problems, Li Hongzhang regarded korean king as the "pro-county king" level within the China system, rather than the head of state of an independent country. Therefore, Yuan Shikai’s etiquette was also within the China’s vassal etiquette system. It is precisely for this reason that observing and analyzing the relationship between China and North Korea in the late Qing Dynasty with the international political concept imported from Europe can not cover the whole system at all, but can only observe part of it; Moreover, the later the starting point of observation is, the more serious the deviation from historical truth is.

　　　　　　　　Premier Yuan’s etiquette problems have been solved in turn, and it seems that everything is peaceful, butHe found that he actually fell into the cracks of the dual system, although he could have both ends meet, but it was not easy to handle. On the one hand, the legitimacy of his identity comes from the authority of the country in the system of suzerain and vassal, but he is not a person in the system of imperial envoys centered on Manchu court; On the other hand, he is the watchtower of the new diplomatic system of the Prime Minister’s yamen and Beiyang Minister, but his authority in North Korea is not based on this system.. For this dilemma, neither he nor Li Hongzhang, nor the Premier’s yamen and official department in Beijing, nor even the Beijing Ritual Department and the imperial court can solve it unless it is withdrawn to China, which is an impossible option in the historical situation at that time.Yuan Shikai, like a pawn crossing the river, is as powerful as a horse in North Korea, but the fatal place is that he can only move forward wholeheartedly and cannot retreat..

　　　　　　　　At the beginning of his tenure, Yuan Shikai told Beijing that he wanted to protect the suzerain-vassal relationship between China and North Korea and protect the "oriental shield" of North Korea, and he did it diligently. But alsoIt is in this kind of institutional gap that he refused to attend the diplomatic mission meeting of the United States, Britain, Japan and other ministers in Seoul on the grounds that things between China and North Korea were customized and rituals were established, and he independently exercised a set of suzerain-vassal rules that only he enjoyed, and even directly intervened in the relevant affairs of the North Korean government as an imperial envoy.. As a result, his defense of the suzerain-vassal constitution was regarded by others as maverick and undermined North Korea’s right to independence, and the courtesy he received as an imperial envoy also became domineering and contrary to international diplomatic norms. In the end, it not only aroused suspicion and criticism from diplomatic colleagues such as Britain, the United States and Japan, but also gradually caused dissatisfaction and alienation from the North Korean government, which was gradually conscious of national sovereignty.

　　　　　　　　Yuan Shikai, who is the prime minister appointed by China, has gradually become the loneliest person in North Korea’s diplomatic arena.

　　　　　　　　On July 18th, 1894, Yuan Shikai withdrew to China by order. On July 23rd, two days before the Japanese army attacked the Qing army in Asan and started a war, the China office in Seoul was suddenly besieged and looted by thousands of Japanese troops, and the bank deposit was robbed, and the national flag was taken away. Tang Shaoyi, the acting prime minister of North Korea, fled to the British consulate from the backyard of the office, burned confidential official documents (some documents were kept in the British consulate), and then returned to Yantai, bringing back the seal of "Qin Ming stationed in North Korea to negotiate trade matters" left by Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai’s ten-year painstaking career in Dongchao Fan has since vanished into thin air.

　　　　　　　　

　　

　　Data Map: On October 16, 2007, some leading cadres from party member above Shanghai visited the "Practical and Clean for the People-Shanghai Strengthening Style Construction and Promoting Anti-corruption Archives and Documents Photo Exhibition". In the exhibition, Zhu Junyi, the former party secretary and director of Shanghai Labor and Social Security Bureau, made a multimedia demonstration of repentance video, which attracted visiting cadres. China News Agency issued Pansofi photo

　　Recently, a thorough investigation of Shanghai’s social security fund case was rated as ten major events in the city’s anti-corruption construction in 2007 by relevant parties in Shanghai. According to the second plenary session of the ninth session of the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection held recently, in 2007, the discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels in Shanghai, while thoroughly investigating the social security fund case, earnestly learned the profound lessons drawn from this big case, intensified the anti-corruption work, and made great progress and obvious results in building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work.

　　The top ten events are:

　　1. The 9th CPC Shanghai Party Congress elected a new leadership of the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection.

　　2. Cooperate with the Central Working Group to thoroughly investigate the social security fund case, and deal with the party discipline and political discipline of 10 municipal management bureau-level cadres and 7 other party member cadres involved in the case, and transfer the suspected crimes to judicial organs for legal treatment.

　　3. Intensify the investigation and handling of cases, and seriously investigate and deal with serious violations of discipline and law by bureau-level leading cadres such as Zhou Wenbiao, Yin Guoyuan and Kang Huijun.

　　4. In view of the problems exposed in the social security fund case, the Shanghai Municipal Committee forwarded the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Supervision of the Principal Heads of Bureau-level Leading Groups (Trial) and the Opinions on the Implementation of the "Triple and Big" System by the Party Committee (Party Group) jointly drafted by the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee (Trial).

　　5, in the city’s party member cadres to carry out a three-month centralized warning education activities. 400,000 people watched the warning education film "The Harm of Greed", and more than 100,000 party member and cadres visited the "Photo Exhibition of Shanghai’s Strengthening Work Style and Promoting Anti-corruption Archives and Documents".

　　6. According to the requirements of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, three districts, six fields and six departments were selected in this city to carry out the "three more emphasis" pilot work of "resolutely punishing corruption, paying more attention to root causes, prevention and system construction".

　　7. Led by the Shanghai Municipal Supervision Commission, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, and the Municipal Finance Bureau, 11 units in the city dispatched personnel to draft the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Supervision of Financial Funds and Social Public Funds in this Municipality after nearly one year’s investigation in view of the problems existing in the operation and supervision of financial funds, social security funds, housing provident fund and maintenance funds, and the income from state-owned assets.

　　8. Thoroughly implement the spirit of Document No.7 of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, hold a press conference, interpret the contents, and implement relevant policies. A total of 14 cadres who voluntarily declared violations of honesty and self-discipline were treated leniently, and conclusions were drawn in time, and those who refused to report problems were severely investigated.

　　9. For the first time, the inspection team of Shanghai Municipal Committee conducted inspections on eight municipal state-owned enterprises.

　　10. Focusing on people’s livelihood issues, efforts were made to rectify the situation, and the Shanghai "Political Work Hotline" was opened on Shanghai People’s Broadcasting Station. Forty-eight (sub-) leaders went into the live broadcast room to have a direct dialogue with the masses and solve 1424 problems reflected by the masses.

　　

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